Maltol is a naturally occurring organic compound that is used primarily as a flavor enhancer. It is found in nature in the bark of larch trees and in the needles of pine trees, and is produced during the roasting of malt (from which it gets its name) and in the baking of bread. It has the odor of caramel and is used to impart a pleasant aroma to foods and fragrances.
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| Names | |
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| Preferred IUPAC name
3-Hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one | |
Other names
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| Identifiers | |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.884 
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PubChem CID |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| C6H6O3 | |
| Molar mass | 126.111 g·mol−1 |
| Density | 1.348 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 161 to 162 °C (322 to 324 °F; 434 to 435 K) |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
It is used as a flavor enhancer, is designated in the U.S. as INS number 636, and is known in the European E number food additive series as E636.
Maltol is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in hot water and other polar solvents. Like related 3-hydroxy-4-pyrones such as kojic acid, it binds to hard metal centers such as Fe3+, Ga3+, Al3+, and VO2+.[1]
Related to this property, maltol has been reported to greatly increase aluminium uptake in the body[2] and to increase the oral bioavailability of gallium[3] and iron.[4]
Maltol's strong metal binding affinity (good iron chelator), high bioavailability, and low toxicity profile make it an excellent scaffold for designing novel compounds for therapeutic applications.[5][6]
