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Marshal of Italy (Italian: Maresciallo d'Italia) was a rank in the Royal Italian Army (Regio Esercito). Originally created in 1924 by Italian dictator Benito Mussolini for the purpose of honoring generals Luigi Cadorna and Armando Diaz, the rank was granted to several other general officers from 1926 to 1943. The rank was the highest in the Italian Army prior to the creation of the rank of First Marshal of the Empire in 1938. The rank of Marshal of Italy was abolished in 1946 with the creation of the Italian Republic. The equivalent Royal Navy (Regia Marina) rank was Grand admiral (Grande Ammiraglio), while the equivalent Air Force (Regia Aeronautica) rank was Marshal of the Air Force (Maresciallo dell'Aria).[1]
| Marshal of Italy Maresciallo d'Italia (Italian) | |
|---|---|
Army rank flag
| |
Marshal of Italy sleeve rank insignia (1933–45)
| |
| Country |  Kingdom of Italy |
| Service branch |  Royal Italian Army Regia Aeronautica |
| Formation | 4 November 1924 |
| Abolished | 18 January 1947 |
| Next higher rank | First Marshal of the Empire |
| Next lower rank | Army general |
| Equivalent ranks | Grand admiral Marshal of the Air Force |
The rank was formally abolished on 18 January 1947 by the Provisional Head of State Enrico de Nicola.[2]
| Image | Name | Date of promotion | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Luigi Cadorna (1850–1928) |
4 November 1924 | Army |
|
Armando Diaz (1861–1928) |
4 November 1924 | Army |
|
Paolo Thaon di Revel (1859–1948) |
4 November 1924[citation needed] | Royal Italian Navy |
|
Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta (1869–1931) |
25 June 1926 | Army |
|
Pietro Badoglio (1871–1956) |
25 June 1926 | Army. Prime minister after coup deposed Mussolini |
|
Enrico Caviglia (1862–1945) |
25 June 1926 | Army |
|
Gaetano Giardino (1864–1935) |
25 June 1926 | Army |
|
Guglielmo Pecori Giraldi (1856–1941) |
25 June 1926 | Army |
|
Italo Balbo (1896–1940) |
13 August 1933 | Co-leader of 1922 March on Rome. Marshal of the Royal Italian Air Force, died 1940 in friendly fire incident over Tobruk |
|
Emilio De Bono (1866–1944) |
16 November 1935 | Army. Co-leader of 1922 March on Rome |
|
Rodolfo Graziani (1882–1955) |
9 May 1936 | Army, after Italian armistice, National Republican Army |
|
Ugo Cavallero (1880–1943) |
1 July 1942 | Army |
|
Ettore Bastico (1876–1972) |
12 August 1942 | Army. Governor-General of Italian Libya. Senior commander of Axis forces in North Africa campaign and promoted to have rank equal to field marshal Rommel |
|
Umberto, Prince of Piedmont (1904–1983) |
29 October 1942 | Army, later King Umberto II |
|
Giovanni Messe (1883–1968) |
12 May 1943 | Army |
![1945–47[3]](http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rank_insignia_of_maresciallo_d%27Italia_of_the_Italian_Army_%281945-1947%29.png)