Molise (UK: /mɒˈliːzeɪ/ mol-EE-zay,[3] US: /ˈmoʊlizeɪ, moʊˈliːzeɪ/ MOH-lee-zay, moh-LEE-zay,[4][5][6] Italian: [moˈliːze]; Molisan: Mulise, pronounced [mə'li.zə]) is a regionofSouthern Italy. Until 1963, it formed part of the region of Abruzzi e Molise together with Abruzzo. The split, which did not become effective until 1970, makes Molise the newest region in Italy. Covering 4,438 square kilometres (1,714 sq mi), it is the second smallest region in the country, after the Aosta Valley, and has a population of 313,348 (as of 1 January 2015).
Molise
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Coat of arms | |
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| Coordinates: 41°41′59″N 14°36′40″E / 41.6997°N 14.6111°E / 41.6997; 14.6111 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Capital | Campobasso |
| Government | |
| • President | Francesco Roberti (FI) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 4,438 km2 (1,714 sq mi) |
| Population
(31-12-2017)
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| • Total | 308,493 |
| • Density | 70/km2 (180/sq mi) |
| Demonym(s) | English: Molisan Italian: Molisano (man) Italian: Molisana (woman) |
| GDP | |
| • Total | €6.452 billion (2021) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| ISO 3166 code | IT-67 |
| HDI (2021) | 0.874[2] very high · 15th of 21 |
| NUTS Region | ITF |
| Website | www.regione.molise.it |
The region is split into two provinces, named after their capitals: Campobasso and Isernia. Campobasso also serves as the regional capital.
Molise is bordered by Abruzzo to the north, Apulia to the east, Lazio to the west, and Campania to the south. It has 35 kilometres (22 miles) of sandy coastline to the northeast, lying on the Adriatic Sea looking out toward the Tremiti Islands. The countryside of Molise is mostly mountainous, with 55% covered by mountains and most of the rest by hills that go down to the sea.[7]
Agriculture, involving small and micro holdings, is currently offering high-quality products. The agricultural holdings produce wine, cereals, olive oil, vegetables, fruits and dairy products. Traditional products are Grass Pea (cicerchia) and Farro. Molise's autochthonous grape is Tintilia which has been rediscovered during the last ten years, and many other PDO (DOP) wines, both red and white.
Though there is a large Fiat plant (Termoli), the industrial sector is dominated by the farming industry with small and medium-sized farms spread widely throughout the region. Another important industry is food processing: pasta, meat, milk products, oil and wine are the traditional products of the region. In the services sector the most important industries are distribution, hotels and catering, followed by transport and communications, banking and insurance. With few exceptions, in all sectors firms are small, and this explains the difficulties encountered when marketing products on a national scale.[8]
International tourism is growing largely as a result of the recent opening of international flights from other European countries to Pescara Airport, which is not far to the north in Abruzzo and connected to Molise by the A14 highway (the only highway passing through Molise, by Termoli).
The unemployment rate stood at 9.5% in 2020. [9]
Molise has many small and picturesque villages, four of them have been selected by I Borghi più belli d'Italia (English: The most beautiful Villages of Italy),[10] a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest,[11] that was founded on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities.[12]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1861 | 355,000 | — |
| 1871 | 374,000 | +5.4% |
| 1881 | 382,000 | +2.1% |
| 1901 | 395,000 | +3.4% |
| 1911 | 396,000 | +0.3% |
| 1921 | 383,000 | −3.3% |
| 1931 | 377,000 | −1.6% |
| 1936 | 388,000 | +2.9% |
| 1951 | 406,823 | +4.9% |
| 1961 | 358,052 | −12.0% |
| 1971 | 319,807 | −10.7% |
| 1981 | 328,371 | +2.7% |
| 1991 | 330,900 | +0.8% |
| 2001 | 320,601 | −3.1% |
| 2011 | 313,660 | −2.2% |
| 2021 | 292,150 | −6.9% |
| Source: ISTAT | ||
The density of the population in Molise is well below the national average. In 2008, Molise registered 72.3 inhabitants per km2, compared to a national figure of 198.8. The region is subdivided into two provinces: Campobasso and Isernia, which together cover 1.5% of Italy's territory and less than 1% of its population. The larger province in terms of area is Campobasso at 2,909 km2, while the smaller is Isernia at 1,529 km2. The province of Campobasso is the more densely populated of the two provinces, with 79.4 inhabitants per km2, whereas Isernia registers 58.9 inhabitants per km2.[13] At the end of 2008 the most populous towns were Campobasso (51,247 inhabitants), Termoli (32,420) and Isernia (21,811).
In the period 1951–71, large-scale emigration to other countries of the European Union, to other parts of Italy and overseas led to a significant decline in the population of Molise. Negative net migration persisted until 1981. Large-scale emigration has caused many of the smaller towns and villages to lose over 60% of their population, while only a small number of larger towns have recorded significant gains. From 1982 to 1994, net migration has been positive, then followed by a negative trend until 2001. Between 1991 (330,900 inhabitants) and 2001 (320,601 inhabitants), the population of the region decreased by 3.1%;[13] since 2001 the population remained stable.
The region is home to two main ethnic minorities: the Molisan Croats (20,000 people who speak an old Dalmatian dialect of Croatian alongside Italian), and those who speak the Arbëresh dialect of Albanian in five towns of "basso Molise" in the province of Campobasso.
Molise comprises two provinces:
| Province | Area (km2) | Population | Density (inhabitants/km2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Province of Campobasso | 2,909 | 231,921 | 79.7 |
| Province of Isernia | 1,529 | 88,931 | 58.2 |
Molise has much tradition from the religious to the pagan, many museums, archeological sites, musical and food events.
Tradition
Arts, musical and food festivals
Museums
The cuisine of Molise is similar to the cuisine of Abruzzo, though there are some differences in the dishes and ingredients. The flavors of Molise are dominated by the many aromatic herbs that grow there. Some of the characteristic foods include spicy salami, a variety of locally produced cheeses, dishes using lamborgoat, pasta dishes with hearty sauces, and vegetables that grow in the region.
In addition to bruschetta, a typical antipasto will consist of any of several meat dishes, such as the sausages capocollo, the fennel-seasoned salsiccie al finocchio, soppressata, ventricina, frascateglie or sanguinaccio. In addition to these sausages, a variety of ham is available, such as smoked prosciutto. Frequently, the sausages are enjoyed with polenta.
Main dishes of the region include:
Common second dishes (often meat and vegetable dishes) are:
Typical vegetable dishes may include:
Fish dishes include red mullet soup, and spaghetti with cuttlefish. Trout from the Biferno river is notable for its flavor, and is cooked with a simple but tasty sauce of aromatic herbs. Zuppa di pesce, a fish stew, is a specialty of Termoli.
The cheeses produced in Molise are not very different from those produced in Abruzzo. The more common ones are Burrino and Manteca, soft, buttery cow's-milk cheeses; Pecorino, sheep's-milk cheese, served young and soft or aged and hard, called also "Maciuocco" in Molise; Scamorza, bland cow's-milk cheese, often served grilled; and Caciocavallo, sheep's-milk cheese.
Sweets and desserts have an ancient tradition here and are linked to the history of the territory and to religious and family festivities. Most common are:
Molise is twinned with:
