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Mount Eden





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Mount Eden (Māori: Maungawhau)[3] is a suburb in Auckland, New Zealand whose name honours George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland. It is 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the Central Business District (CBD). Mt Eden Road winds its way around the side of Mount Eden Domain and continues to weave back and forth as it descends into the valley; it runs south from Eden TerracetoThree Kings. Mt Eden village centre is located roughly between Valley Road and Grange Road. The domain is accessible on foot from many of the surrounding streets, and by vehicle from Mt Eden Road. The central focus of the suburb is Maungawhau / Mount Eden, a dormant volcano whose summit is the highest natural point on the Auckland isthmus.

Mount Eden
Mount Eden village seen from Maungawhau / Mount Eden
Mount Eden village seen from Maungawhau / Mount Eden
Map
Location in Auckland
Coordinates: 36°52′37S 174°45′50E / 36.877°S 174.764°E / -36.877; 174.764
CountryNew Zealand
CityAuckland
Local authorityAuckland Council
Electoral wardAlbert-Eden-Puketāpapa ward
Local boardAlbert-Eden Local Board
Established1870s
Area
 • Land392 ha (969 acres)
Population
 (June 2023)[2]
 • Total14,790
Train stationsMt Eden Railway Station
Kingsland Eden Terrace Grafton
Morningside

Mount Eden

Newmarket
Sandringham Balmoral Epsom

History

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Pre-European

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In pre-European times Mount Eden was utilised as a fortified hill by various Māori tribes. The pā is thought to have been abandoned around 1700 AD after conflict between the resident Waiohua people and the Hauraki tribes[4] The earth ramparts and terraces from this period contribute to the distinctive outline of the hill today.

European settlement

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Following a gift of land from Ngati Whatua Orakei Mount Eden began being subdivided and sold off to settlers in 1841. The land was mostly used for farming to support the Borough of Auckland. Due to population growth in Auckland Mount Eden would start having suburban development in the late 1800s. In 1873 Alfred Cucksey established a store in what would later become Mount Eden Village.[5]

The Colonial Ammunition Company, first formed in 1885, was based at Mount Eden. The steel Mount Eden Shot Tower, completed in 1914, was the major supplier of ammunition in New Zealand until World War II,[6][7] and was classified as a Category I heritage building by Heritage New Zealand in 1983.[8]

Mount Eden is now a "leafy suburb" consisting predominantly of large houses from the first half of the 20th century, many with verdant gardens and large trees. In the 19th century, on the eastern slopes of Mt Eden were constructed several large country houses set in extensive grounds. These included "Harewood House" (since demolished and now the site of the Mater Hospital), Justice Gillies "Rocklands Hall" (now a hostel), Alfred Buckland's "Highwic" (now a museum), the Hellaby family's "Florence Court", Josiah Clifton Firth's "Clifton House" (both still private residences) and Professor Sir Algernon Thomas' "Trewithiel" (the garden is partially preserved in Withiel Thomas Reserve and the reduced house at 114 Mountain Road). Close by the current Government House (the official Auckland residence of the Governor General) is Eden Garden, a ornamental public garden set up in a disused quarry.[citation needed]

 
Mount Eden (left, beyond Alexandra Park) from One Tree Hill

In the 1950s and 1960s the inner suburbs became unfashionable and the old houses of the Mt Eden area were comparatively cheap to buy. Mt Eden developed a slightly bohemian image during this time as a community of artists, writers, teachers and university lecturers made it their home. Mt Eden village is still regarded by many as the "Home Of Arts" in Auckland, due to the large amount of creative activity in and around the suburb and the large number of artists who live nearby.[citation needed]

The Presbyterian Boys' Hostel at 22 View Road is a historic building that became the first home for many young men, who moved to Auckland to train in government and industry at low rates of pay.[citation needed]

Transport

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Mount Eden Road in the early 1900s
 
Mount Eden in 2010
 
Dominion Road Methodist Church

In Mt Eden, the plentiful supply of volcanic stone (a suitable material for building roads), as well as the ready supply of labourers from the Mt Eden Prison, allowed for a progressive development of early roads, many of which still exist today as main arterial routes.[9][10] Toll gates were established on several main roads, including Mt Eden Road and Dominion Road, during the 19th century in order to help pay for their upkeep.[10]

Public transportation extended from the inner city to the surrounding areas in the late 1870s and early 1880s with horse-drawn buses being the first mode of regular public transportation in the late 1870s.[11] In 1881, the long-awaited railway came, connecting Newmarket with Helensville with stops in Mt Eden, Kingsland, Morningside and Mt Albert.[10] At the beginning of the 20th century, trams began connecting Mt. Eden, Balmoral, Kingsland, and Mt Albert with the city. The trams ran for the last time in the 1950s.[9]

Local government

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Mt Eden falls within the Epsom constituencies for the national Parliament.[12] In terms of local government, Mt Eden comes under the Albert-Eden Local Board, of Auckland Council. The Albert-Eden Local Board includes the suburbs of Waterview, Point Chevalier, Sandringham, Mount Albert, Morningside, Ōwairaka, Balmoral, Kingsland, Mt Eden, Epsom and Greenlane.[13]

During the 19th century, the planning and maintenance of the main arterial roads (Mt Eden Road and Dominion Road) provided the impetus to form local governing bodies in the area. The Mt Eden Highway Board held its first meeting in 1868; it covered the area of Mt Eden, Eden Valley, Sandringham, and Balmoral. At the time, it was responsible for building and maintaining the roads and dealing with the pigs, horses, cattle, and sheep that freely roamed the area. In 1882 it became the Mt Eden Road Board. In 1906 Mt Eden gained borough status and the Mt Eden Borough Council was formed. In 1989 the Borough Council amalgamated with Auckland City Council in a nationwide local government reorganisation. And in November 2010, the City Council was dissolved and was incorporated into the new larger Auckland Council.[10]

Mayors (1906–1989)

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Demographics

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Mount Eden covers 3.92 km2 (1.51 sq mi)[1] and had an estimated population of 14,790 as of June 2023,[2] with a population density of 3,773 people per km2.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
200614,118—    
201313,878−0.24%
201814,697+1.15%
Source: [14]

Before the 2023 census, Mount Eden had a larger boundary, covering 3.99 km2 (1.54 sq mi).[1] Using that boundary, Mount Eden had a population of 14,697 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 819 people (5.9%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 579 people (4.1%) since the 2006 census. There were 4,959 households, comprising 7,587 males and 7,104 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.07 males per female, with 2,109 people (14.3%) aged under 15 years, 4,098 (27.9%) aged 15 to 29, 7,170 (48.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,326 (9.0%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 69.3% European/Pākehā, 7.8% Māori, 5.3% Pacific peoples, 23.9% Asian, and 3.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 38.8, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 54.7% had no religion, 29.5% were Christian, 0.4% had Māori religious beliefs, 4.6% were Hindu, 1.3% were Muslim, 1.8% were Buddhist and 2.9% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 6,048 (48.0%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 795 (6.3%) people had no formal qualifications. 3,462 people (27.5%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 7,098 (56.4%) people were employed full-time, 1,902 (15.1%) were part-time, and 486 (3.9%) were unemployed.[14]

Individual statistical areas in 2018
Name Area (km2) Population Density (per km2) Households Median age Median income
Eden Park 0.51 1,710 3,353 579 32.7 years $51,200[15]
Eden Valley 0.58 2,235 3.853 744 33.8 years $40,300[16]
Mount Eden North East 0.47 1,107 2,355 228 32.1 years $14,400[17]
Mount Eden North 0.88 3,474 3,948 1,311 33.4 years $39,300[18]
Mount Eden West 0.79 3,279 4,151 1,101 34.8 years $46,900[19]
Mount Eden East 0.76 2,892 3,805 996 35.1 years $44,200[20]
New Zealand 37.4 years $31,800

Education

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Auckland Normal Intermediate is a coeducational intermediate school (years 7–8) with a roll of 705.[21] Mount Eden Normal School is a coeducational contributing primary school (years 1–6) with a roll of 507.[22] The term "Normal" comes from the French term ecole normale and means these schools assist in the training of teachers.[23] Ficino School is a coeducational full primary private school (years 1–8) with a roll of 124.[24] Eden Campus is a Teen Parent Unit which provides secondary education to mothers and early childhood education to their children. It is associated with Auckland Girls' Grammar School.[25] Rolls are as of February 2024.[26]

There are several prestigious secondary schools located in Epsom, adjacent to Mt Eden, including St Peter's College, Epsom Girls Grammar School and Auckland Grammar School. The University of Auckland also has a campus in Epsom, which was previously the Auckland College of Education.[citation needed]

Notable buildings

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There are three War Memorials in the Mount Eden area;

Mount Eden Prison

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Mount Eden Prison was built in a castle style between 1882 and 1917. It is constructed out of the local basalt rock, one of the very few buildings built in this uncompromising material. Built with prison labour it was designed by P.F.M. Burrows and is similar in appearance to Dartmoor Prison in England.[citation needed]

Amenities

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Ballantyne Square is a green space located at the corner of Dominion Road and Ewington Ave.[28] The square provides a respite from surrounding urban activity and is distinguished by its large specimen trees. Ballantyne Square was named after the late Doreen Ballantyne, who was a local councillor from 1965 to 1976.[29]

Bellevue Reserve is a recreational space that has a playground and picnic tables.[30] Originally Bellevue Square was the site of a scoria stone pit, quarried by early landowners, James Walters and his father John Walters in the early 1880s. In 1885 the land was vested as a reserve by the Domain Board. It was levelled and landscaped during the 1920s.[29]


Transportation

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Mt Eden is well served by trains and buses, and is only 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Auckland’s CBD.[31] The train station is located at the north side of Mt Eden, between Ngahura Street and Fenton Street. Mount Eden Railway Station is a part of the Western Line; trains run regularly into the city and the western suburbs beyond.

The centre of all the shopping and business activities in Mt Eden village is Mt Eden Road, between Oaklands Road and Grange Road. By vehicle Mt Eden can be accessed from the Southern Motorway (SH1) by taking the Green Lane off-ramp, and continuing onto Balmoral Road or from the City end – via Symonds Street and Mt Eden Road. Mount Eden domain is located just north of the village centre along Mt Eden Road.

Notable residents

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  • ^ a b "Population estimate tables - NZ.Stat". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  • ^ "Maungawhau - te Aka Māori Dictionary".
  • ^ Stone, R. C. J. (2001). From Tamaki-makau-rau to Auckland. Auckland University Press. p. 25. ISBN 1869402596.
  • ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Maungawhau Heritage Walks" (PDF). Auckland Council. Auckland Council. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
  • ^ Bartley, Bryan (2011). "Mt Eden Shot Tower". In La Roche, John (ed.). Evolving Auckland: The City's Engineering Heritage. Wily Publications. pp. 226–228. ISBN 9781927167038.
  • ^ "WWII Munitions Factory in Hamilton". DigitalNZ. National Library of New Zealand. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
  • ^ "Colonial Ammunition Company Shot Tower". New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero. Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 21 December 2009.
  • ^ a b Lovell-Smith. Mt Albert Historical Report. unpublished. pp. 2–4.
  • ^ a b c d Angelo, Faye M (1989). The Changing Face of Mt Eden. Mount Eden Borough Council. pp. 15–21.
  • ^ Scott, Dick (1961). In Old Mount Albert: Being a History of the District. Southern Cross Books. p. 41.
  • ^ "Electorate Boundaries". Elections New Zealand. Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  • ^ "Albert-Eden Local Board". About the Albert-Eden local area. Auckland Council. Retrieved 16 October 2012.
  • ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Eden Park (136200), Eden Valley (136900), Mount Eden North East (137700), Mount Eden North (137800), Mount Eden West (138400) and Mount Eden East (139000).
  • ^ 2018 Census place summary: Eden Park
  • ^ 2018 Census place summary: Eden Valley
  • ^ 2018 Census place summary: Mount Eden North East
  • ^ 2018 Census place summary: Mount Eden North
  • ^ 2018 Census place summary: Mount Eden West
  • ^ 2018 Census place summary: Mount Eden East
  • ^ Education Counts: Auckland Normal Intermediate School
  • ^ Education Counts: Mount Eden Normal School
  • ^ "Why are we called a 'Normal School'?". Auckland Normal Intermediate. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  • ^ Education Counts: Ficino School
  • ^ Education Counts: Eden Campus
  • ^ "New Zealand Schools Directory". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  • ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Mt Eden was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  • ^ "Ballantyne Square". Auckland Council. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
  • ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Matthews & Matthews Architects Ltd. was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  • ^ "Bellevue Reserve". Auckland Council. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
  • ^ "Public Transport". Auckland Transport. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2012.
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    Last edited on 25 June 2024, at 07:22  





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