Nonane is a linear alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formulaC9H20. It is a colorless, flammable liquid, occurring primarily in the component of the petroleum distillate fraction commonly called kerosene, which is used as a heating, tractor, and jet fuel.[4] Nonane is also used as a solvent, distillation chaser, fuel additive, and a component in biodegradable detergents.[5]
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| Names | |
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Nonane[1] | |
| Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol) |
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| 1696917 | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.558 
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| EC Number |
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| 240576 | |
| MeSH | nonane |
PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
| UN number | 1920 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| C9H20 | |
| Molar mass | 128.259 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Gasoline-like |
| Density | 0.718 g/mL |
| Melting point | −54.1 to −53.1 °C; −65.5 to −63.7 °F; 219.0 to 220.0 K |
| Boiling point | 150.4 to 151.0 °C; 302.6 to 303.7 °F; 423.5 to 424.1 K |
| log P | 5.293 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.59 kPa (at 25.0 °C) |
Henry's law |
1.7 nmol Pa−1kg−1 |
| -108.13·10−6cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD) |
1.405 |
| Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C) |
284.34 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std molar |
393.67 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of |
−275.7–−273.7 kJ mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of |
−6125.75–−6124.67 kJ mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
  
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| Danger | |
| H226, H304, H315, H319, H332, H336 | |
| P261, P301+P310, P305+P351+P338, P331 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | 31.0 °C (87.8 °F; 304.1 K) |
| 205.0 °C (401.0 °F; 478.1 K) | |
| Explosive limits | 0.87–2.9% |
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible) |
none[2] |
REL (Recommended) |
TWA 200 ppm (1050 mg/m3)[2] |
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
N.D.[2] |
| Related compounds | |
Related alkanes |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
Nonane has 35 structural isomers.
Its substituent form is nonyl. Its cycloalkane counterpart is cyclononane, (C9H18).
Unlike most alkanes, the numeric prefix in its name is from Latin, not Greek. (A name using a Greek prefix would be enneane.)
Nonane undergoes combustion reactions that are similar to other alkanes. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, nonane burns to form water and carbon dioxide.
When insufficient oxygen is available for complete combustion, the burning products include carbon monoxide.
