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Southern Anung (autonym: [ɑ˧˩ nuŋ˧˥]; Chinese: 阿侬语; pinyin: Ānóngyǔ;[a] Lisu: Fuche Naw[citation needed]) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Nung people in Fugong County, China, and Kachin State, Myanmar. The Anung language is closely related to the Derung and Rawang languages. Most of the Anung speakers in China have shifted to Lisu, although the speakers are classified as Nu people. The Northern Anung people speak a dialect of Derung, which is also called Anung ([ə˧˩ nuŋ˥˧]), but is not the same Anung discussed in this article.
| Anung | |
|---|---|
| Anong, Nung | |
| Pronunciation | [ɑ˧˩ nuŋ˧˥] |
| Native to | China, Myanmar |
| Region | Fugong County |
| Ethnicity | (Southern) Anung of Nu nationality |
Native speakers | 450 (2000–2007)[1] 7,000 in China |
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | nun |
| Glottolog | nung1282 |
| ELP | Anong |
| This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. | |
The Burmese and Chinese dialects of Anung have 87% lexical similarity with each other.[2] Anung has 73-76% lexical similarity with Derung, and 77-83% lexical similarity with the Matwang dialect of Rawang.[2]
Besides China and Myanmar, there are Anong people in Thailand and India.
Anong is spoken by over 7,000 people in China in the following townships.[3]
The majority of Anong speakers in Myanmar are found in Kachin State, specifically Myitkyina, Putao, Naungmun, Machanbaw, Tannai, and Khaunglangphu. There are over 5000 Naw (Anong) people in Kachin State, Myanmar.
In Myitkyina and Putao, there are literacy and language trainings every year.
Some Naw people live in Shan State, but it is not clear whether they still use Anong or not. There are also many living in cities such as Yangon, Khamti, and Taunggyi. Naw people are still mixed with the Lisu population.
Nung has 43 single consonants.[47 listed below][3]
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | voiceless | m̥ | n̥ | ɳ̥ | ɲ̥ | ŋ̊ | |
| voiced | m | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ||
| Plosive | aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | ʈʰ | kʰ | ||
| tenuis | p | t | ʈ | k | ʔ | ||
| voiced | b | d | ɖ | ɡ | |||
| Affricate | aspirated | tsʰ | tʂʰ | tɕʰ | |||
| tenuis | ts | tʂ | tɕ | ||||
| voiced | dz | ɖʐ | dʑ | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʂ | ɕ | x | h |
| voiced | v | z | ʐ | ʑ | ɣ | ||
| Lateral | voiceless | l̥ | |||||
| voiced | l | ɭ | |||||
| Rhotic | voiced | ɹ | |||||