Home  

Random  

Nearby  



Log in  



Settings  



Donate  



About Wikipedia  

Disclaimers  



Wikipedia





Phantom Regiment Drum and Bugle Corps





Article  

Talk  



Language  

Watch  

Edit  





Phantom Regiment Drum and Bugle Corps (commonly referred to as "Phantom") is a World Class competitive junior drum and bugle corps based in Rockford, Illinois, USA. The corps is a long-standing member of Drum Corps International (DCI), having been a DCI World Championship Top Twelve Finalist every year since 1974 and DCI World Champions in 1996 (tie) and 2008.[1]

Phantom Regiment
Drum and Bugle Corps
LocationRockford, Illinois
DivisionWorld Class
Founded1956
DirectorDwight Emmert
CEOAmanda Hamaker
Championship titles
  • 1996 (tie)
  • 2008
  • History

    edit

    The corps was founded in 1956 by Alex Haddad, a member of the Col. Thomas G. Lawler VFW Post 342. Under his direction, the corps was named the Rockford Rangers, with all-male drum and bugle sections and an all-female color guard named the Rangerettes. However, when many of the charter members were impressed by the recording of the Syracuse Brigadiers performing the Leroy Anderson composition The Phantom Regiment, the corps' name was changed before the unit made its debut, with the color guard renamed the Phantomettes.[2][3]

    In the corps' early years, the Phantomettes and a corps-sponsored all-boy color guard called the Raiders were competitively successful. The drum and bugle corps, however, struggled. In 1962, the corps bought a set of high quality bugles that had belonged to the Commonwealth Edison Knights of Light Drum and Bugle Corps which had folded two years earlier. With the new instruments and a new brass arranger, the corps began to improve. The old set of bugles went to the newly formed Phantom Regiment Cadets.

    Despite the Phantomettes having placed second at the 1962 color guard national championships, in 1963, Phantom Regiment fielded an all-male corps, including the color guard. When scores fell behind those of the previous season, the Phantomettes returned to the corps for 1964. With the girls back in the corps, successful recruitment, and new uniforms, the corps had its best season until that time, including a finish of 15th among 45 corps at the VFW National Championship preliminaries in Cleveland. The Phantomettes were honored in the graphic on the City of Rockford's 1964 vehicle registration stickers. But on August 21, 1964, Regimental Hall, the corps' home base, was badly damaged by a fire. The organization was forced to sell its instruments and uniforms to pay off its debts.

    Financially unable to field a corps in 1965 through 1967, alumni and former staff members reorganized and officially incorporated on September 11, 1967. At the first meeting of the newly restructured corps in January, there were 28 members. The Regiment's 1968 drum and horn lines dressed in black pants and a red windbreaker with a black and white vertical stripe on the left side; the guard wore the same windbreaker, black Bermuda shorts and an "Aussie" style hat. The season consisted mostly of parades, with few field contests. The corps owned one vehicle; a red step van to carry the equipment. In that first year of the corps' return, perhaps the corps' greatest asset was its new musical arranger, Phantom Regiment alumnus and future DCI Hall of Fame member, Jim Wren, who would go on to arrange the unit's brass music for the next 32 years.

    By 1970, Phantom was able to outfit the corps in new uniforms; a cadet-style jacket with a red diagonal sash dividing the black right side from the white left side, black pants with a white stripe, white buck shoes, and a shako with a 12-inch plume. The corps had grown to 89 members with 40 horns, 14 drums, 24 flags, 12 rifles, and a drum major.

    In 1971, Wren started adding the classical music pieces that would become Phantom's trademark along with the usual pop music that most corps were playing. On a Friday the 13th in that year, so the legend goes, all of the corps' buses ran out of fuel; the equipment truck caught fire, not just once, but twice; yet the corps went out and won that night's contest.

    Prior to the founding of DCI in 1972, the Phantom Regiment, like most corps of the time, was strictly a local organization. The members and the staff came from Rockford and its surrounding suburbs. Travel to contests was limited to perhaps a few hours of driving. The only "National" competition the corps had ever entered had been the 1964 VFW championships in Cleveland. The corps attended the first DCI competition, in Whitewater, Wisconsin, placing 23rd of 39 corps in prelims. In 1973, The corps returned to Whitewater and moved up to 14th place among 48 corps.[4]

    In 1974, Phantom presented its first full program of all-classical musical selections. The corps had grown to DCI's maximum of 128 members, and it took its first extended tour, travelling to Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts en route to the DCI Championships in Ithaca, New York. The corps was beating many of the activity's traditional powers and earning a reputation as a power in its own right. At DCI, the Regiment earned its first Top Twelve Finalist placement, beginning a string that has held through 2023. In prelims, the corps shocked many by placing 8th, although they fell back to 11th at Finals.

    Once the corps became a DCI Finalist, it also became become a consistent contender, placing 10th in 1975, 4th in 1976, and having a frustrating run of second-place finishes in 1977, 1978 and 1979 with the corps scoring within tenths of a point from the title.

    A fall to a 10th-place finish in 1986 led the corps to take a new approach. Three years of improvement, culminated in 1989 with another second-place finish, with Phantom's score of 98.400 tying the previous DCI highest score ever.

    From 1975, Phantom Regiment's field visual shows had been designed by Norm Wheeler through 1979, when in 1980 future DCI Hall of Fame member John Brazale would move from Color Guard caption Head to Visual program Design Caption. Returning home after the 1992 DCI Championships, Brazale had complained of having severe headaches during the last few weeks, and was soon diagnosed with an inoperable brain tumor, and died within months.

    In 1996, Phantom Regiment tied the Blue DevilsofConcord, California for its first DCI World Championship. Jim Wren arranged for the corps from 1967 through the 1999 season, and then retired as the corps' musical arranger. Michael Klesch took over arranging duties in 2000 and 2001, and was then followed by alumnus J.D. Shaw, who arranged the corps' music from the 2002 season through the 2011 season. After spending the 2012–2019 seasons with the Santa Clara Vanguard, J.D. Shaw returned to Phantom Regiment after the 2019 season.

    In 2008, with its performance of "Spartacus", Phantom Regiment defeated the Blue Devils Drum and Bugle Corps by a margin of 0.025 to win its second (and first outright) DCI World Championship.

    Through 2019, Phantom Regiment has continued to be a DCI Finalist with the streak extending through 45 consecutive top-12 finishes. In 2022, the first year of competition since the COVID-19 Pandemic, Phantom Regiment returned with their highest placement since 2016, and highest score since 2014.

    Show summary (1972–2024)

    edit

    Source:[5]

    Key
    Pale blue background indicates DCI World Class Finalist[a]
    Dark gold background indicates DCI World Class Champion[a]
    1. ^ a b From 1972-1991, Phantom Regiment competed in Open Class; from 1992-2007 in Division I, and since 2008 in World Class. These are the same tier, just renamed.
    Year Repertoire World Championships
    Score Placement
    1972 March (from La damnation de Faust)byHector Berlioz / The Phantom Regiment by Leroy Anderson / America the Beautiful by Katherine Lee Bates & Samuel A. Ward / Funeral March of a Marionette by Charles Gounod / Poet & Peasant Overture by Franz von Suppé / Shot in the Dark by Henry Mancini / Spellbound Concerto by Miklós Rózsa 64.400 23rd Place
    Open Class
    1973 Night on Bald Mountain by Modest Mussorgsky / The Lord's Prayer (from King of Kings)byMiklós Rózsa / MacArthur Park by Jimmy Webb / Poet and Peasant Overture & Light Cavalry Overture by Franz von Suppé / Jubilance by James Swearingen 74.700 14th Place
    Open Class
    1974 Festive Overture & Fifth Symphony by Dmitri Shostakovich / Poet and Peasant Overture by Franz von Suppé / Night on Bald Mountain by Modest Mussorgsky / Romeo and Juliet by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky / Les Préludes by Franz Liszt 76.250 11th Place
    Open Class
    Finalist
    1975 American Overture by Joseph Willcox Jenkins / Hungarian Dance No. 5 by Johannes Brahms / Barber of Seville by Gioachino Rossini / An American in Paris by George Gershwin / Pilgrim's Chorus (from Tannhäuser)byRichard Wagner 81.30 10th Place
    Open Class
    Finalist
    1976 Finale (from Symphony No. 7)byGustav Mahler / Symphony No. 6 by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky / Tocatta and Fugue in D Minor by Johann Sebastian Bach / An American in Paris by George Gershwin / Pilgrim's Chorus (from Tannhäuser)byRichard Wagner 87.75 4th Place
    Open Class
    Finalist
    1977 New World Symphony by Antonín Dvořák / Piano Concerto No. 1 by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky / Pagliacci by Ruggero Leoncavallo / Flight of the Bumblebee by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov / Ode to Joy (from Symphony No. 9)byLudwig van Beethoven 90.300 2nd Place
    Open Class
    Finalist
    1978 Firebird, Rite Of Spring, Petrouchka, Dance Infernale & Sherzo A La Russe by Igor Stravinsky / Piano Concerto in A Minor by Edvard Grieg / Flight of the Bumblebee by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov / Ode to Joy (from Symphony No. 9)byLudwig van Beethoven 91.450 2nd Place
    Open Class
    Finalist
    1979 Third Symphony by Camille Saint-Saëns / Malambo (from Estancia)byAlberto Ginastera / Morning Mood (from Peer Gynt Suite No. 1), Piano Concerto in A Minor, Hall of the Mountain King (from Peer Gynt Suite No. 1) & March of the Dwarfs (from Lyric Suite)byEdvard Grieg / Elsa's Procession to the Cathedral (from Lohengrin)byRichard Wagner 92.750 2nd Place
    Open Class
    Finalist
    1980 Russian Easter Overture by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov / Romany Life (from The Fortune Teller)byVictor Herbert / Polovetsian Dances (from Prince Igor)byAlexander Borodin / Masquerade Suite by Carl Nielsen / Carmen Suite by Georges Bizet, adapted by Ernest Guiraud 88.450 5th Place
    Open Class
    Finalist
    1981 Spartacus
    Triumph of Rome, Gladiator Fight, Dance of the Rebels, Prelude to Battle, Battle, Sunrise & Apotheosis
    All from SpartacusbyAram Khachaturian
    90.850 5th Place
    Open Class
    Finalist
    1982 Spartacus
    Triumph of Rome, Slave Dance, Gladiator Fight, Mourning and Uprising, Prelude to Battle, Battle, Sunrise & Apotheosis
    All from SpartacusbyAram Khachaturian
    92.150 4th Place
    Open Class
    Finalist
    1983 Serenade for Strings, Cossack Dance, Dance Neapolitan & 1812 Overture
    All by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
    91.450 4th Place
    Open Class
    Finalist
    1984 Scythian Suite by Sergei Prokofiev / Armenian Dances by Alfred Reed / Trypitch by Anthony J. Cirone / 1812 Overture by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 95.600 4th Place
    Open Class
    Finalist
    1985 Symphony Fantastique
    Symphony Fantastique by Hector Berlioz
    90.100 8th Place
    Open Class
    Finalist
    1986 Carnival Overture by Antonín Dvořák / Alborada Del Gracioso by Maurice Ravel / Sir Lancelot and the Black Knight & Merlin The Magician by Rick Wakeman / Symphony No. 2 by Gustav Mahler 85.000 10th Place
    Open Class
    Finalist
    1987 Songs from the Winter Palace
    Selections from Swan Lake & The NutcrackerbyPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
    94.300 5th Place
    Open Class
    Finalist
    1988 Romeo and Juliet
    Selections from Romeo and JulietbyPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
    93.500 6th Place
    Open Class
    Finalist
    1989 From The New World... Into A New Age
    Symphony No. 9, Mvts. 1 & 2; Slavonic Dances No. 1; Symphony No. 9, Mvt. 4
    All by Antonín Dvořák
    98.400 2nd Place
    Open Class
    Finalist
    1990 Dreams of Desire
    Symphony No. 3, "Organ Symphony", Mvt. 4; The Elephant & Finale (from The Carnival of the Animals) & Bacchanale (from Samson and Delilah)
    All by Camille Saint-Saëns
    95.300 4th Place
    Open Class
    Finalist
    (tie)[a]
    1991 Phantom Voices
    Nessun Dorma (from Turandot)byGiacomo Puccini / Pagliacci by Ruggero Leoncavallo / Bacchanale (from Samson and Delilah)byCamille Saint-Saëns
    95.400 3rd Place
    Open Class
    Finalist
    1992 War and Peace
    Marche Slav by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky / La Marseillaise by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle / 1812 Overture by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
    91.500 8th Place
    Division I
    Finalist
    1993 The Modern Imagination
    The Landworkers, The Wheat Dance & Danza Final (from Estancia)byAlberto Ginastera / The Fire of Eternal Glory (Novorossik Chimes) by Dmitri Shostakovich / Death Hunt (from On Dangerous Ground)byBernard Herrmann
    96.200 3rd Place
    Division I
    Finalist
    1994 Songs for a Summer Night
    Ritual Fire Dance (from El amor brujo)byManuel de Falla / Claire De Lune by Claude Debussy / Talking Drums (from White Witch Doctor), Theme from North by Northwest & Death Hunt (from On Dangerous Ground)byBernard Herrmann
    96.200 3rd Place
    Division I
    Finalist
    1995 Adventures Under a Darkened Sky
    Symphonic Dances, Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini (Variation 18), Piano Concerto No. 2 & Capriccio Bohemian
    All by Sergei Rachmaninoff
    94.100 5th Place
    Division I
    Finalist
    1996 A Defiant Heart: The Music of Dmitri Shostakovich
    Ballet Suite No. 4; Symphony No. 1, Mvt. 2 & Symphony No. 5, Mvt. 4
    All by Dmitri Shostakovich
    97.40 1st Place
    Division I
    Champion
    (tie)[b]
    1997 The Ring
    Hagen's Call to the Clan (from Götterdämmerung), Magic Fire Music (from Die Walküre), Hammering of the Ring (from Das Rheingold) & Die Götterdämmerung (from Götterdämmerung)
    All from Der Ring des NibelungenbyRichard Wagner
    94.200 4th Place
    Division I
    Finalist
    1998 Songs from the Eternal City: The Music of Rome
    Roman Carnival Overture by Hector Berlioz / Un Bel Di (from Madama Butterfly) by Giacomo Puccini / Pines of the Villa Borghese & Pines of the Appian Way by Ottorino Respighi
    90.400 8th Place
    Division I
    Finalist
    1999 Tragedy and Triumph
    Symphony No. 4, Symphony No. 5, Mvt. 2 & Symphony No. 6
    All by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
    91.200 8th Place
    Division I
    Finalist
    2000 The Masters of Mystique: The Dawn of Modern Music
    Jeux by Claude Debussy / Petrouchka by Igor Stravinsky / Transfigured Night by Arnold Schoenberg / Rite of Spring by Igor Stravinsky
    90.650 7th Place
    Division I
    Finalist
    2001 Virtuoso
    Finale & Game of Pairs (from Concerto for Orchestra)byBéla Bartók / Festive Overture by Dmitri Shostakovich
    91.900 6th Place
    Division I
    Finalist
    2002 Heroic Sketches: The Passion of Shostakovich
    Symphony No. 10, Mvt. 2; Piano Concerto No. 2, Mvt. 2; Piano Concerto No. 2, Mvt. 1 & Symphony No. 7, Mvt. 4
    All by Dmitri Shostakovich
    92.400 5th Place
    Division I
    Finalist
    (tie)[c]
    2003 Harmonic Journey
    Sanctus (Canon in D) by Johann Pachelbel / Wild Nights (from Harmonium)byJohn Adams / The Lord's Prayer (from King of Kings)byMiklós Rózsa / Ostinato (from Mikrokosmos)byBéla Bartók
    94.750 4th Place
    Division I
    Finalist
    2004 Apasionada 874
    Buenos Aires Hora Cero, La Muerte del Angel, Oblivion, Imagines 676, Adios Nonino & Tres Minutos con la Realidad
    All by Ástor Piazzolla
    93.575 5th Place
    Division I
    Finalist
    2005 Rhapsody
    An American in Paris & Rhapsody in Blue by George Gershwin
    96.825 3rd Place
    Division I
    Finalist
    2006 Faust
    Scythian Suite by Sergei Prokofiev / Ave Maria by Franz Biebl / Piano Concerto by John Corigliano / Symphony No. 2 by Gustav Mahler
    96.850 2nd Place
    Division I
    Finalist
    2007 On Air
    Vespertine Formations by Christopher Deane / 1000 Airplanes on the Roof by Philip Glass / Flower Duet (from Lakmé)byLéo Delibes / Suggestion Diabolique by Sergei Prokofiev / Finale (from The Firebird)byIgor Stravinsky
    94.850 4th Place
    Division I
    Finalist
    2008 Spartacus
    Ein Heldenleben by Richard Strauss / Toccata (from Piano Concerto No. 1) by Alberto Ginastera / Dance of Ecstasy (from Danses Fantastiques)byLoris Tjeknavorian / Spartacus by Aram Khachaturian / Battlefield (from )byRené Dupéré
    98.125 1st Place
    World Class
    Champion
    2009 The Red Violin
    Theme from The Red ViolinbyJohn Corigliano / Fantasy Variations on a Theme by Nicolo Paganini by James Barnes / Paganini Variations by Witold Lutoslawski / Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini by Sergei Rachmaninoff / Caprice XXIV by Benny Goodman / Paganini Variations by Philip Wilby
    89.900 9th Place
    World Class
    Finalist
    2010 Into the Light
    The New Moon in the Old Moon's Arms by Michael Kamen
    93.150 6th Place
    World Class
    Finalist
    2011 Juliet
    East of Eden by Lee Holdridge / Requiem by Giuseppe Verdi / Lacrimosa dies illa & Confutatis maledictis (from Requiem)byWolfgang Amadeus Mozart / Love Theme from Romeo & Juliet by Nino Rota / Romeo and Juliet by Sergei Prokofiev / Elsa's Procession to the Cathedral (from Lohengrin)byRichard Wagner
    95.050 5th Place
    World Class
    Finalist
    2012 Turandot
    Popolo di Pechino!; Indietro, cani; Gira la cote!... Perche tarda la luna?; O mondo, o mondo... O tigre, o tigre!; Gravi, enormi ed imponenti; Gloria, gloria; Tre enigmi m'hai & Nessun dorma!
    All from TurandotbyGiacomo Puccini
    96.550 3rd Place
    World Class
    Finalist
    2013 Triumphant Journey
    Music from Elizabeth: The Golden AgebyA. R. Rahman & Craig Armstrong / Cape Fear by Bernard Herrmann / Four Sea Interludes by Benjamin Britten / Enigma Variations: Nimrod by Edward Elgar / Symphony No. 11 by Dmitri Shostakovich
    93.250 6th Place
    World Class
    Finalist
    2014 Swan Lake
    Swan Lake by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky / La Péri by Paul Dukas / Dracula (Act III) by Philip Feeny / A Fateful Meeting, Beauty Killed the Beast, & Tooth and Claw (from King Kong) by James Newton Howard / Mother and Child (from Flightplan)byJames Horner
    91.425 7th Place
    World Class
    Finalist
    2015 City of Light
    I Love Paris by Cole Porter / Horoscope by Constant Lambert / Claire de Lune by Claude Debussy / Piano Concerto in C♯ Minor by Francis Poulenc / An American in Paris by George Gershwin / Symphony No. 3 (Organ Symphony) by Camille Saint-Saens
    90.325 7th Place
    World Class
    Finalist
    2016 Voice of Promise
    Preludes for Piano Op. 34, No. 14 by Dmitri Shostakovich / The Chairman Dances by John Adams / Ave Verum Corpus by Colin Mawby / The Darkest Moment by Rob Ferguson & Bret Kuhn / Hymne Des Fraternises: I'm Dreaming of Home by Phillipe Rombi / Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra by Benjamin Britten
    89.963 8th Place
    World Class
    Finalist
    2017 Phantasm
    Finlandia by Jean Sibelius / Symphony No. 12 by Dmitri Shostakovich / Entering the Nightmare (from Dreamscape)byMaurice Jarre / Piano Concerto No. 2 by Sergei Rachmaninoff / Symphony No. 3 by Aram Khachaturian
    88.125 9th Place
    World Class
    Finalist
    2018 This New World
    Finale (from Mr. Magorium's Wonder Emporium)byAaron Zigman & Alexandre Desplat / Piano Concerto No. 3 by Sergei Prokofiev / A Child's Garden of Dreams by David Maslanka / Picture Studies by Adam Schoenberg / New World Symphony by Antonín Dvořák
    86.950 11th Place
    World Class
    Finalist
    2019 I Am Joan
    Carmina Burana by Carl Orff / Audivi Media Nocte by Oliver Waespi / Zohar by Jonathan Leshnoff / Fire of Eternal Glory & Lady McBeth of Mtsensk by Dmitri Shostakovich / Vox Populi by Jared Leto (30 Seconds to Mars) / Unleashed by Thomas Bergersen (Two Steps from Hell)
    87.238 12th Place
    World Class
    Finalist
    2020 Season cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic
    2021 Harmonic Journey
    Sanctus (Canon in D) by Johann Pachelbel / Wild Nights (from Harmonium)byJohn Adams / The Lord's Prayer (from King of Kings)byMiklós Rózsa / Ostinato (from Mikrokosmos)byBéla Bartók
    No scored competitions
    2022 No Walk Too Far
    Before Time by Thomas Bergersen / Godspeed! & The Chosen by Stephen Melillo / Eli's Theme (from Let the Right One In)byJohan Söderqvist / Symphony No. 5 by Gustav Mahler
    90.675 8th Place
    World Class
    Finalist
    2023 Exogenesis
    The 2nd Law: Isolated System & Supremacy by Muse / As If A Voice Were In Them by Oliver Waespi / to wALk Or ruN in wEst harlem by Andy Akiho / Piano Concerto No. 2 by Sergei Rachmaninoff / For I Have Fought the Good Fight by Stephen Melillo
    92.988 7th Place
    World Class
    Finalist
    2024 Mynd
    Moonlight Sonata by Ludwig van Beethoven / Surfacing by Dave Hall / Equilibrium by Paul Lovatt-Cooper / Fly or Die by Gilles Rocha / Pillar 3 by Andy Akiho
    1. ^ In 1990, Phantom Regiment and the Blue Devils tied for 4th place.
  • ^ In 1996, Phantom Regiment and the Blue Devils tied for 1st place.
  • ^ In 2002, Phantom Regiment and the Boston Crusaders tied for 5th place.
  • Caption awards

    edit

    At the annual World Championship Finals, Drum Corps International (DCI) presents awards to the corps with the high average scores from prelims, semifinals, and finals in five captions. Phantom Regiment has won these caption awards.[6]

    Don Angelica Best General Effect Award

    Fred Sanford Best Percussion Performance Award

    Prior to 2000 and the adoption of the current scoring format, Phantom Regiment won these captions:

    High General Effect Award

    High Visual Award

    High Color Guard Award

    High Brass Award

    References

    edit
    1. ^ "Corps". Drum Corps International. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
  • ^ "History of the Phantom Regiment". Archived from the original on 2012-06-22. Retrieved 2012-08-12.
  • ^ A History of Drum & Bugle Corps, Vol. 1; Steve Vickers, ed.; Drum Corps World, 2002
  • ^ "corpsreps.com - The Drum Corps Repertoire Database". corpsreps.com.
  • ^ "Phantom Regiment\Repertoire". DCX: The Drum Corps Xperience. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
  • ^ "Caption Winners". fromthepressbox.com. Retrieved 2022-08-14.
  • edit

    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phantom_Regiment_Drum_and_Bugle_Corps&oldid=1229342104"
     



    Last edited on 16 June 2024, at 08:04  





    Languages

     



    This page is not available in other languages.
     

    Wikipedia


    This page was last edited on 16 June 2024, at 08:04 (UTC).

    Content is available under CC BY-SA 4.0 unless otherwise noted.



    Privacy policy

    About Wikipedia

    Disclaimers

    Contact Wikipedia

    Code of Conduct

    Developers

    Statistics

    Cookie statement

    Terms of Use

    Desktop