Post-theism

Frank Hugh Foster in a 1918 lecture announced that modern culture had arrived at a "post-theistic stage" in which humanity has taken possession of the powers of agency and creativity that had formerly been projected upon God.^[1]

Denys Turner argues that Karl Marx did not choose atheism over theism but rejected the binary Feuerbachian choice in The Essence of Christianity altogether, a position which by being post-theistic is at the same time necessarily post-atheistic.^[2] At one point, Marx argued "there should be less trifling with the label 'atheism'", as he insisted "religion in itself is without content, it owes its being not to heaven but to the earth, and with the abolition of distorted reality, of which it is the theory, it will collapse of itself."^[3]

Related ideas include Friedrich Nietzsche's pronouncement that "God is dead" and the transtheismofPaul TillichorPema Chödrön.

• Karl Marx
• Friedrich Nietzsche
• Sigmund Freud

• Apatheism
• Humanism
• Postmodern Christianity
• Samkhya
• Transtheism
• Universalism
• Virtuous pagan

• H. J. Adriannse, "After Theism" in: H. A. Krop, Arie L. Molendijk, Hent de Vries (eds.) Post-Theism: Reframing the Judeo-Christian Tradition Archived 2008-04-22 at the Wayback Machine (2000), ISBN 978-90-429-0853-6.
• Christoph Schwöbel, "After Post-Theism" in: S. Andersen (ed. ) Traditional Theism and its Modern Alternatives (1994), 161–196.
• Vincent Brümmer, "The Enlightenment Project and the Human Image of God" in: Hans-Georg Ziebertz (ed.), The Human Image of God, BRILL, 2001, 55–72.

• Post-colonialism and Post-theism by Christopher Bradley (2007)
• Entry on "Atheism" at Marxists Internet Archive: Encyclopedia of Marxism
• Post-Atheism: from Apophatic Theology to "Minimal Religion"byMikhail Epstein In the book: Russian Postmodernism: New Perspectives on Post-Soviet Culture (with Alexander Genis and Slobodanka Vladiv-Glover, in the series Studies in Slavic Literature, Culture, and Society, vol. 3). New York, Oxford: Berghahn Books, 1999, 528 pp.345-393.