● Home  

● Random  

● Nearby  



● Log in  



● Settings  



● Donate  



● About Wikipedia  

● Disclaimers  



Wikipedia





Principality of Serbia





● Article  
● Talk  


● Language  

● Watch  

● Edit  





For other uses, see Principality of Serbia (disambiguation).

The Principality of Serbia (Serbian: Књажество Србија, romanized: Knjažestvo Srbija) was an autonomous state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the Serbian Revolution, which lasted between 1804 and 1817.[2] Its creation was negotiated first through an unwritten agreement between Miloš Obrenović, leader of the Second Serbian Uprising, and Ottoman official Marashli Pasha. It was followed by the series of legal documents published by the Sublime Porte in 1828, 1829 and finally, 1830—the Hatt-i Sharif. Its de facto independence ensued in 1867, following the evacuation of the remaining Ottoman troops from the Belgrade Fortress and the country; its independence was recognized internationally in 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin. In 1882 the country was elevated to the status of kingdom.

Principality of Serbia
Княжество Сербіа
Књажество Србија
1815–1882

Flag of Serbia

Flag (1835–1882)

Coat of arms (1835–1882) of Serbia

Coat of arms
(1835–1882)

Anthem: Востани Сербије
Vostani Serbije
(English: "Arise, Serbia")
The Principality of Serbia in 1878
The Principality of Serbia in 1878
Capital
  • Kragujevac (1818–1841)
  • Gornja Crnuća (1815–1818)
    • Common languagesSerbian
    Religion
    		Serbian Orthodoxy (official)
    Demonym(s)Serbian, Serb
    GovernmentAbsolute monarchy (1815–1838)
    Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy (1838–1882)
    Prince (Knez) 

    • 1817–1839 (first)

    		Miloš Obrenović I

    • 1868–1882 (last)

    		Milan Obrenović IV
    Prime Minister 

    • 1815–1816 (first)

    		Petar Nikolajević

    • 1880–1882 (last)

    		Milan Piroćanac
    LegislatureNone (rule by decree)
    (1815–1838)
    National Assembly
    (1838–1882)
    History 

    • Recognition by the Sublime Porte

    		1815

    • Statehood Day

    		15 February 1835

    • de facto independence

    		1867

    • de jure internationally recognized

    		13 July 1878

    • Proclaimed Kingdom

    		1882
    Area
    1815[1]24,440 km2 (9,440 sq mi)
    1834[1]37,511 km2 (14,483 sq mi)
    Population

    • 1815[1]

    		322,500–342,000

    • 1834[1]

    		702,000

    • 1874[1]

    		1,353,000
    ISO 3166 codeRS
    Preceded by    		 Succeeded by
    Sanjak of Smederevo
    Revolutionary Serbia
    Kingdom of Serbia
    Today part ofSerbia

    Background and establishment

    edit
    Main article: History of modern Serbia

    The Serbian revolutionary leaders—first Karađorđe and then Miloš Obrenović—succeeded in their goal of liberating Serbia from centuries-long Turkish rule. Turkish authorities acknowledged the state by the 1830 Hatt-i Sharif, and Miloš Obrenović became a hereditary prince (knjaz) of the Serbian Principality. Serbia was de jure an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire, its autonomy was constrained by the presence of the Turkish army on its soil and by being forced to pay to Istanbul a yearly tribute of 2.3 million groschen, which represented about 10% of the country's budget.[3]

    At first, the principality included only the territory of the former Pashaluk of Belgrade, but in 1831–33 it expanded to the east, south, and west. In 1866 Serbia began the campaign of forging the First Balkan Alliance by signing a series of agreements with other Balkan entities in the period 1866–68. On 18 April 1867 the Ottoman government ordered the Ottoman garrison, which since 1826 had been the last representation of Ottoman suzerainty in Serbia, withdrawn from the Belgrade fortress. The only stipulation was that the Ottoman flag continue to fly over the fortress alongside the Serbian one. Serbia's de facto independence dates from this event.[4] A new constitution in 1869 defined Serbia as an independent state. Serbia was further expanded to the southeast in 1878, when its independence from the Ottoman Empire won full international recognition at the Treaty of Berlin. The Principality would last until 1882 when it was raised to the level of the Kingdom of Serbia.

    Political history

    edit

    Constitutions

    edit

    Autonomy

    edit

    Administrative divisions

    edit
    See also: Historical administrative divisions of Serbia

    The principality was divided into seventeen districts known as Okrug which were then divided into a number of cantons, known as Sres, according to the size of the district. The Principality had a total of sixty-six Sres.[5]

    Military

    edit
    Main article: Armed Forces of the Principality of Serbia

    The Armed Forces of the Principality of Serbia was the armed forces of the Principality of Serbia. Founded in 1830, it became a standing army to take part to the First and Second Serbo Turkish Wars of 1876-1878, the first conflict in the nation modern history, after which the country gained its full independence. It was succeeded by the Royal Serbian Army.

    Demographics

    edit
    See also: Demographic history of Serbia

    In the first decades of the principality, the population was about 85% Serb and 15% non-Serb. Of those, most were Vlachs, and there were some Muslim Albanians, which were the overwhelming majority of the Muslims that lived in Smederevo, Kladovo and Ćuprija. The new state aimed to homogenize of its population. As a result, from 1830 to the wars of the 1870s in which Albanians were expelled from the country, it has been estimated that up to 150,000 Albanians that lived in the territories of the Principality of Serbia had been expelled.[6]In1862 more than 10,000 Muslims were expelled to Ottoman Bulgaria and Ottoman Bosnia.[7] During the Serbian–Ottoman Wars of 1876–1878, the Muslim population was expelled from the Sanjak of Niš.

    Historical population
    YearPop.±%
    1834678,192—    
    1841828,895+22.2%
    1843859,545+3.7%
    1846915,080+6.5%
    1850956,893+4.6%
    1854998,919+4.4%
    18591,078,281+7.9%
    18631,108,668+2.8%
    18661,216,219+9.7%
    18781,669,337+37.3%
    Name 1866 census % population
    Ethnicities
    Serbs 1,057,540 87%
    Vlachs (Romanians) 127,326 10.5%
    Roma (Gypsies) 25,171 2.1%
    Others 5,539 0.5%
    Religion
    Orthodox 1,205,898 99.20%
    Islam 6,498 0.54%
    Catholic 4,161 0.31%
    Others 0.2%

    Rulers

    edit

    The Principality was ruled by the Obrenović dynasty, except for a period under Prince Aleksandar of the Karađorđević dynasty. Princes Miloš and Mihailo Obrenović each reigned twice.

    Portrait Name Birth Death From Until Notes
      Miloš Obrenović I March 17, 1780 September 26, 1860 November 6, 1817 June 25, 1839
      Milan Obrenović II October 21, 1819 July 8, 1839 June 25, 1839 July 8, 1839 son of Miloš Obrenović I
      Mihailo Obrenović III September 16, 1823 June 10, 1868 July 8, 1839 September 14, 1842 son of Miloš Obrenović I
      Aleksandar Karađorđević October 11. 1806 May 3. 1885 September 14, 1842 December 23, 1858
      Miloš Obrenović I March 17, 1780 September 1860 December 23, 1858 September 26, 1860
      Mihailo Obrenović III September 16, 1823 June 10, 1868 September 26, 1860 June 10, 1868
      Milan Obrenović IV August 22, 1854 February 11, 1901 June 10, 1868 March 6, 1882

    See also

    edit

    References

    edit
    1. ^ a b c d e Michael R. Palairet (2002). The Balkan Economies C.1800-1914: Evolution Without Development. Cambridge University Press. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-0-521-52256-4.
  • ^ Roth, Clémentine (2018). Why Narratives of History Matter: Serbian and Croatian Political Discourses on European Integration. Nomos Verlag. p. 263. ISBN 978-3845291000. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  • ^ The Institute of History et al. 2020, p. 137.
  • ^ Stanford J. Shaw and Ezel Kural Shaw, History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Volume 2: Reform, Revolution and Republic—The Rise of Modern Turkey, 1808–1975 (Cambridge University Press, 1977), p. 148.
  • ^ Mijatović 1872, p. 265.
  • ^ Rama, Shinasi (2019). Nation Failure, Ethnic Elites, and Balance of Power: The International Administration of Kosova. Springer. p. 72. ISBN 978-3030051921. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  • ^ Özkan, Ayşe. "The Expulsion of Muslims from Serbia after the International Conference in Kanlıca and Withdrawal of the Ottoman Empire from Serbia (1862-1867)". Akademik Bakış.

    • Sources

    edit

    Further reading

    edit
  • Divac, Zorica. "Family and marital affairs in 19th century Serbia." Glasnik Etnografskog instituta SANU 54 (2006): 219–232.
  • Frucht, Richard, ed. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the Fall of Communism (2000) online
  • Jelavich, Barbara (1983). History of the Balkans: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521252492.
  • MacKenzie, David (1996). "The Serbian Warrior Myth and Serbia's Liberation, 1804-1815". Serbian Studies: Journal of the North American Society for Serbian Studies. 10 (2): 133–148.
  • MacKenzie, David (2004). "Jovan Ristić at the Berlin Congress 1878". Serbian Studies: Journal of the North American Society for Serbian Studies. 18 (2): 321–339.
  • Meriage, Lawrence P. (1978). "The First Serbian Uprising (1804-1813) and the Nineteenth-Century Origins of the Eastern Question" (PDF). Slavic Review. 37 (3): 421–439. doi:10.2307/2497684. JSTOR 2497684. S2CID 222355180.
  • Pavlowitch, Stevan K. (2002). Serbia: The History behind the Name. London: Hurst & Company. ISBN 9781850654773.
  • Radosavljević, Nedeljko V. (2010). "The Serbian Revolution and the Creation of the Modern State: The Beginning of Geopolitical Changes in the Balkan Peninsula in the 19th Century". Empires and Peninsulas: Southeastern Europe between Karlowitz and the Peace of Adrianople, 1699–1829. Berlin: LIT Verlag. pp. 171–178. ISBN 9783643106117.
  • Rajić, Suzana (2010). "Serbia - the Revival of the Nation-state, 1804-1829: From Turkish Provinces to Autonomous Principality". Empires and Peninsulas: Southeastern Europe between Karlowitz and the Peace of Adrianople, 1699–1829. Berlin: LIT Verlag. pp. 143–148. ISBN 9783643106117.
  • Radovan Samardžić (1982). Greek-Serbian Cooperation, 1830-1908: Collection of Reports from the Second Greek-Serbian Symposium, 1980. Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies.
  • Stavrianos, Leften (2000) [1958]. The Balkans Since 1453. London: Hurst. ISBN 9781850655510.
  • Temperley, Harold W. V. (1919). History of Serbia (PDF). London: Bell and Sons.
  • Zens, Robert W. (2012). "In the Name of the Sultan: Haci Mustafa Pasha of Belgrade and Ottoman Provincial Rule in the Late 18th Century". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 44 (1): 129–146. doi:10.1017/S0020743811001280. JSTOR 41474984. S2CID 162893473.

    • Other languages

    edit
    edit
     
    Wikimedia Commons has media related to Principality of Serbia.

    44°48′39″N 20°27′45″E / 44.81083°N 20.46250°E / 44.81083; 20.46250


    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Serbia&oldid=1226570747"
      



    Last edited on 31 May 2024, at 14:05  





    Languages

     


    ●العربية
     ●Asturianu
     ●Azərbaycanca
     ●Беларуская
     ●Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
     ●Български
     ●Català
     ●Čeština
     ●Deutsch
     ●Eesti
     ●Ελληνικά
     ●Español
     ●Euskara
     ●Français
     ●Galego
     ●한국어
     ●Hrvatski
     ●Bahasa Indonesia
     ●Italiano
     ●עברית
     ●ქართული
     ●Latviešu
     ●Македонски
     ●Nederlands
     ●日本語
     ●Polski
     ●Português
     ●Română
     ●Русский
     ●Shqip
     ●Slovenščina
     ●Српски / srpski
     ●Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
     ●Suomi
     ●Svenska
     ●ไทย
     ●Türkçe
     ●Українська
     ●Tiếng Việt
     ●中文
      

     Wikipedia


    ●This page was last edited on 31 May 2024, at 14:05 (UTC).
    ●Content is available under CC BY-SA 4.0 unless otherwise noted.


    ●Privacy policy
    ●About Wikipedia
    ●Disclaimers
    ●Contact Wikipedia
    ●Code of Conduct
    ●Developers
    ●Statistics
    ●Cookie statement
    ●Terms of Use
    ●Desktop