Protohippus

Protohippus is an extinct three-toed genusofhorse.^[3] It was roughly the size of a modern donkey. Fossil evidence suggests that it lived during the Late Miocene (ClarendoniantoHemphillian), from about 13.6 Ma to 5.3 Ma.^[4]

Protohippus Temporal range: Clarendonian-Hemphillian ~13.6–5.3 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Protohippus simus skeleton
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Perissodactyla
Family:	Equidae
Subfamily:	Equinae
Tribe:	Equini
Genus:	†Protohippus Leidy, 1858^[1]^[2]
Type species
Equus (Protohippus) perditus Leidy, 1858

Analysis of Protohippus' skull and teeth suggests that it is most closely related to the genus Calippus.^[4]

P. simus. This animal died from a breech birth, where the hind feet instead of the head of the foal emerges first. As the foal did not fully emerge, infection may have ensued, killing the mother. From Cherry County, Nebraska. At the AMNH.

P. vetus
P. perditus
P. supremus (also P. simus)
P. gidleyi

Eohippus
Mesohippus

^ Leidy, Joseph (1858). "Notice of Remains of Extinct Vertebrata, from the Valley of the Niobrara River, collected during the Exploring Expedition of 1857, in Nebraska, under the command of Lieut. G. K. Warren, U. S. Top. Eng., by Dr. F. V. Hayden, Geologist to the Expedition". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 10: 20–29. JSTOR 4059296.

^ Leidy, Joseph (1869). "The Extinct Mammalian Fauna of Dakota and Nebraska: Including an Account of Some Allied Forms from Other Localities, Together with a Synopsis of the Mammalian Remains of North America". Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Ser. 2. 7: 275–279, 401.

^ MacFadden, Bruce J.; Dobie, James L. (1998). "Late Miocene Three-Toed Horse Protohippus (Mammalia, Equidae) from Southern Alabama". Journal of Paleontology. 72 (1): 149–152. Bibcode:1998JPal...72..149M. doi:10.1017/S0022336000024082. JSTOR 1306685. S2CID 132815106.

^ ^a ^b Hulbert, Richard C. Jr. (1988). "Calippus and Protohippus (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae) from the Miocene (Barstovian-Early Hemphillian) of the Gulf Coastal Plain" (PDF). Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences. 32 (3): 221–340.

Species

See also

References

Languages