Purple Line (ceasefire line)

The Purple Line was the ceasefire line between Israel and Syria after the 1967 Six-Day War and serves as the de facto border between the two countries.

History

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Syria gained independence from France in 1946 and on May 14, 1948, the British withdrew from Palestine as Israel declared its independence. Syrian forces participated in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War between Arab forces and the newly established State of Israel. In 1949, armistice agreements were signed and a provisional border between Syria and Israel was delineated (based on the 1923 international border; see San Remo conference). Syrian and Israeli forces clashed on numerous occasions in the spring of 1951. The hostilities, which stemmed from Syrian opposition to an Israeli drainage project in the demilitarized zone, ceased on May 15, after intercession by the United Nations Security Council.^{[citation needed]}

The Purple Line through Majdal Shams in the Golan Heights

In June 1967 after battling Syria, Jordan and Egypt in the Six-Day War, Israel captured the entire length of the Golan Heights including its principal city Quneitra.^[1] The resulting ceasefire line (dubbed the "Purple Line" as it was drawn on the UN's maps)^{[citation needed]} was supervised by a series of positions and observation posts manned by observers of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization^[2] and became the new effective border between Israel and Syria.^{[citation needed]}

In a surprise attack consisting of a massive armored thrust, the Syrians crossed the Purple Line into the Golan Heights during the 1973 Yom Kippur War. After several days of very heavy fighting on the Golan they were pushed back deeper into Syria and Israel conquered further territory inside Syria beyond the Purple Line by the time a ceasefire was reached. In the disengagements negotiations after the war, Israel and Syria agreed on May 31, 1974, to pull back their respective forces on the Golan Heights to the Purple Line. On the same day, a United Nations buffer zone was set up and the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force Zone (UNDOF) was established by the United Nations after the adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 350.^[3]^[4]

References

^ Oren, Michael B. (2017) [2002]. Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East. New York: Presido Press. pp. 294–302. ISBN 978-0-345-46192-6.

^ Theobald, Andrew (2015). "The United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)". In Koops, Joachim; MacQueen, Norrie; Tardy, Thierry; Williams, Paul D. (eds.). Oxford Handbook of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 1218. ISBN 978-0-19-968604-9.

^ "Security Council Resolution 350 (1974) of 31 May 1974". United Nations. Archived from the original on 2008-06-21. Retrieved 2013-11-26.

^ "Agreement on Disengagement (S/11302/Add.1, annexes I and II)". United Nations. Archived from the original on 2011-05-26. Retrieved 2007-09-07.