King Sosurim of Goguryeo (died 384) (r. 371–384)[1] was the 17th ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He was the son of King Gogugwon.[2]
| Sosurim of Goguryeo | |
| Hangul | 소수림왕,소해주류왕 해미류왕 |
|---|---|
| Hanja | 小獸林王, 小解朱留王, 解味留王 |
| Revised Romanization | Sosurim-wang, Sohaejuryu-wang, Haemiryu-wang |
| McCune–Reischauer | Sosurim-wang, Sohaejuryu-wang, Haemiryu-wang |
| Birth name | |
| Hangul | 고구부 |
| Hanja | 高丘夫 |
| Revised Romanization | Go Gubu |
| McCune–Reischauer | Ko Kubu |
Born as Go Gu-Bu, King Sosurim was the first son and successor of King Gogugwon. He assisted his father in leading the country and strengthening royal authority, which had been severely weakened due to humiliation brought upon by the Later Yan, who dug up the grave of King Micheon.[2] Prince Gu-Bu was made crown prince in 355.
He became king in 371 when his father King Gogugwon was killed by the Baekje King Geunchogo's assault on Pyongyang Castle.[3]
Sosurim is considered to have strengthened the centralization of authority in Goguryeo, by establishing state religious institutions to transcend tribal factionalism. The development of centralized government system was largely attributed to reconciliation policy of Sosurim with its southern opponent, Baekje.[4] In 372, he received Buddhism through travelling monks of Former Qin and built temples to house them.[5] It is said the king of Former Qin during Sixteen Kingdoms period sent Monk Sundo with images and scriptures of Buddha[6] and; Monk Ado, native Goguryeo returned two years later. Under full-pledged support of royal family, it is said the first temple, Heungguk monastery of Korean kingdoms was supposedly constructed around the capital.[7] Though there are several evidences that Buddhism was established before the year of 372 such as mid-4th century mausoleum styles under the Buddhist influence,[7] it is well accepted that Sosurim consolidated Buddhist footprints not only on Korean people’s spiritual world but also in terms of bureaucracy systems and ideology.[8]
The year 372 held its critical importance in Korean history not only for Buddhism but also for Confucianism[6] and Daoism. Sosurim also established the Confucian institutions of Taehak (태학; 太學) to educate the children of the nobility.[6] In 373, he promulgated a code of laws called (율령; 律令) which stimulated the institutionalized law systems[1] including penal codes and codified regional customs.[8]
In 374, 375, and 376, he attacked the Korean kingdom of Baekje to the south, and in 378 was attacked by the Khitan from the north.[9] He died in 384 and was buried in Sosurim, which was probably a forest around its second capital, Gungnae.[10]
Most of King Sosurim's reign and life was spent trying to keep Goguryeo under control and also strengthening royal authority.[6] Although he was not able to avenge the death of his father and previous Goguryeo ruler, King Gogugwon, he did play a major role in setting up the foundations that made the great conquests of his nephew and later ruler of Goguryeo, King Gwanggaeto the Great achieve reckless subjugations.[1][4]
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Sosurim of Goguryeo Died: 384 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | King of Goguryeo 371–384 |
Succeeded by |