Soyuz 27 (Russian: Союз 27, Union 27) was a 1978 Soviet crewed spacecraft which flew to the orbiting Salyut 6 space station, during the mission EP-1.[2] It was the third crewed flight to the station, the second successful docking and the first visitation mission. Once docked, it marked the first time that three spacecraft were docked together.
| Mission type | Crewed mission to Salyut 6 |
|---|---|
| Operator | OKB-1 |
| COSPAR ID | 1978-003A  |
| SATCAT no. | 10560 |
| Mission duration | 65 days |
| Orbits completed | 1025 |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | Soyuz s/n 44 |
| Spacecraft type | Soyuz 7K-T |
| Manufacturer | NPO Energia |
| Launch mass | 6800 kg |
| Crew | |
| Crew size | 2 |
| Launching | Vladimir Dzhanibekov Oleg Makarov |
| Landing | Yuri Romanenko Georgy Grechko |
| Callsign | Памир Pamir Pamir Mountains |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 10 January 1978, 12:26:00 UTC |
| Rocket | Soyuz-U s/n D15000-106 |
| Launch site | Baikonur, Site 1/5[1] |
| Contractor | OKB-1 |
| End of mission | |
| Landing date | 16 March 1978, 11:18:47 UTC |
| Landing site | 310 km at west of Tselinograd |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric |
| Regime | Low Earth |
| Perigee altitude | 198.9 km |
| Apogee altitude | 253.8 km |
| Inclination | 51.65° |
| Period | 88.73 minutes |
| Docking with Salyut 6 | |
| Docking date | 11 January 1978, 14:05:54 UTC |
| Undocking date | 16 March 1978, 07:58:00 UTC |
Soyuz programme
(Crewed missions)
← Soyuz 26
Soyuz 28 →
| |
The main function of the EP-1 mission was to swap Soyuz craft with the orbiting crew, in so doing freeing a docking port for a forthcoming supply tanker. Cosmonauts Vladimir Dzhanibekov and Oleg Makarov returned to Earth in the Soyuz 26 spacecraft after spending five days on the station. The descent module is displayed at the Sergei Pavlovich Korolyov Museum of CosmonauticsinZhytomyr, Ukraine.[3]
| Position | Launching Cosmonaut | Landing Cosmonaut |
|---|---|---|
| Commander | Vladimir Dzhanibekov EP-1 First spaceflight |
Yuri Romanenko EO-1 First spaceflight |
| Flight Engineer | Oleg Makarov EP-1 Third spaceflight |
Georgy Grechko EO-1 Second spaceflight |
| Position | Cosmonaut | |
|---|---|---|
| Commander | Vladimir Kovalyonok | |
| Flight Engineer | Aleksandr Ivanchenkov | |
| The launching and landing crews had the same backups | ||
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