Tell er-RamehorTall el-Rama is a small mound in Jordan rising in the plain east of the River Jordan, about twelve miles from Jericho. It presently has a Muslim cemetery on the acropolis that prevents it from being excavated. It has been traditionally identified as the location of Livias.[1] The team recently excavating at Tell el-Hammam however, is proposing that Tell er-Rameh was the commercial and residential centre of Livias, while the administrative centre was located at Tall el-Hammam.[2]
Tell er-Rameh
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  Shown within Jordan | |
| Alternative name | Tell/Tall el/er-Ramah/Rameh/Rama |
|---|---|
| Location | Jordan |
| Region | Amman Governorate |
| Coordinates | 31°49′32″N 35°38′40″E / 31.82556°N 35.64444°E / 31.82556; 35.64444 |
| History | |
| Cultures | Roman Age, Byzantine, Umayyad |
According to Vailhé [fr] and Abel the modern name er-Rameh may have derived from the ancient names of Βηθαραμθα (Betharamtha),[citation needed] which is what Josephus indicates was the name for Livias[3][dubious – discuss] Dvorjetski believes that the modern name er-Rameh is derived from Wadi er-Rameh.[4][failed verification]
Regarding the name evolution from biblical Beth-haram through the Roman-period Livias/Julias to Arabic Tell er-Rameh, Nelson Glueck states that:
Graves & Stripling propose that, while Tell er-Rameh was the commercial and residential centre of Livias, the administrative centre was situated at nearby Tall el-Hammam.[2] Tell er-Rameh had no natural water source, and some have argued that it received its water from the hot springs at Tall el-Hammam.[6][dubious – discuss] Dvorjetski identified Tell er-Rameh with Livias based on the presence of "pottery or mosaic stone cubes from the Byzantine and early Islamic eras."[7]
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