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|topic= will aid in categorization.Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Wikipedia article at [[:pt:Língua terena]]; see its history for attribution. {{Translated|pt|Língua terena}} to the talk page. |
TerênaorEtelena is spoken by 15,000 Brazilians. The language has a dictionary and written grammar.[3] Many Terena people have low Portuguese proficiency. It is spoken in Mato Grosso do Sul. About 20% are literate in their language, 80% literate in Portuguese.[citation needed]
Terêna | |
---|---|
Native to | Brazil |
Region | Mato Grosso do Sul |
Ethnicity | Terena people |
Native speakers | 16,000 (2006)[1] |
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-2 | ter |
ISO 639-3 | Variously:ter – Terenagqn – Kinikinao & Guanácaj – Chané |
Glottolog | tere1279 |
ELP | Terena |
Guana (Brazil)[2] |
Terêna has an active–stative syntax[4] and verb-object-subject as default word order.[5]
Terêna had four varieties: Kinikinao, Terena proper, Guaná, and Chané. These varieties have sometimes been considered to be separate languages.[6] Carvalho (2016) has since demonstrated all four to be the same language.[7] Only Terena proper is still spoken.
Terena originated in the Northwestern Chaco.[8] As a result, many Northern Guaicuruan loanwords can be found in Terena.[9]
There are also many Tupi-Guarani loanwords in Terena and other southern Arawakan languages.[10]
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | (tʃ) | k | ʔ |
prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | |||
Fricative | voiceless | s | ʃ | h | ||
prenasal | ⁿz | ⁿʒ | ||||
Nasal | m | n | (ɲ) | |||
Tap | ɾ | |||||
Lateral | l | (ʎ) | ||||
Approximant | w ~ v | j |
/w, ʃ, n, l/ may often be heard as [v, tʃ, ɲ, ʎ].[11]
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i ĩ iː | (ɨ) | u ũ uː |
Mid | e ẽ eː | o õ oː | |
ɛ ɛː | ɔ ɔː | ||
Low | a ã aː |
[ɨ] is heard as an allophone of /i/.[12]
{{cite book}}
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