Tongyong Pinyin was the official romanization of Mandarin in Taiwan between 2002 and 2008. The system was unofficially used between 2000 and 2002, when a new romanization system for Taiwan was being evaluated for adoption. Taiwan's Ministry of Education approved the system in 2002,[1][2] but its use was optional.
Tongyong Pinyin 通用拼音; Tong-yòng Pin-yin | |
---|---|
Script type | Alphabet romanization |
Creator | Taiwan Ministry of Education |
Time period | ![]() |
Direction | Left-to-right ![]() |
Languages | Taiwanese Mandarin |
Related scripts | |
Child systems | Daī-ghî tōng-iōng pīng-im (Taiwanese Hokkien) |
IETF language tag: | |
Tongyong Pinyin | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional Chinese | 通用拼音 | ||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | General-use sound spelling | ||||||||||||||
|
Since 1 January 2009, the Ministry of Education has officially promoted Hanyu Pinyin (per decision on 16 September 2008); local governments would "not be able to get financial aid from the central government" if they used Tongyong Pinyin-derived romanizations.[3][4] After this policy change, Tongyong Pinyin has been used for the transliteration of some place names and personal names in Taiwan (Republic of China).[5] Some of the romanized names of the districts, subway stations[6] and streets[7][8] in Kaohsiung,[9] Tainan,[10] Taichung,[11][12] Yunlin County[13] and other places[14][15][16] are derived from Tongyong Pinyin – for example, Cijin District (旗津區, Cíjin Cyu).[17]
History
editThe impetus behind the invention of Tongyong Pinyin came from the need for a standardized romanization system in Taiwan. For decades, the island had employed various systems, usually simplifications or adaptations of Wade–Giles. (Zhuyin, a standard phonetic system for language education in Taiwan's schools, does not use the Latin alphabet.)
Tongyong Pinyin was introduced in 1998 by Yu Bor-chuan to preserve the strengths of Hanyu Pinyin while eliminating some of the pronunciation difficulties Hanyu presents to international readers, such as difficulties with the letters q and x. Yu's system was subsequently revised.
Discussion and adoption of Tongyong Pinyin, like many other initiatives in Taiwan, quickly acquired a partisan tone turning on issues of national identity: Chinese vs. Taiwanese identity.[18] Officials who identified most strongly with the nation itself, such as the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and its allied parties, saw no reason to adopt Hanyu Pinyin just because mainland China and the UN had. If Tongyong Pinyin more adequately met the nation's needs, they saw this as ample justification for Taiwan to adopt it.[19] Officials who identified more strongly with Chinese culture, such as the Kuomintang (KMT), saw no reason to introduce a new system unique to Taiwan if Hanyu Pinyin had already gained international acceptance. Each side accused the other of basing its preference on anti-China or pro-China sentiment rather than an objective discussion of community goals.[20]
In early October 2000, the Mandarin Commission of the Ministry of Education proposed to use Tongyong Pinyin as the national standard. Education Minister Ovid Tzeng submitted a draft of the Taiwanese romanization in late October to the Executive Yuan, but the proposal was rejected. In November 2000, Tzeng unsuccessfully suggested that the government adopt Hanyu Pinyin with some modifications for local dialects. On 10 July 2002, Taiwan's Ministry of Education held a meeting for 27 members. Only 13 attended. Two left early, and since the chairman could not vote, the bill for using Tongyong Pinyin was passed with 10 votes.[1]
In August 2002, the government adopted Tongyong Pinyin by an administrative order that local governments had the authority to override within their jurisdiction. In October 2007, with the DPP administration still in power, it was announced that Taiwan would standardize the English transliterations of its Chinese Mandarin place names by the end of the year, after years of confusion from multiple spellings, by using the locally developed Tongyong Pinyin.[21]
In 2008, the Kuomintang won both the legislative and presidential elections. In September 2008, it was announced that Tongyong Pinyin would be replaced by Hanyu Pinyin as Taiwan's standard, at the end of the year. Since 1 January 2009, Hanyu Pinyin has been an official romanization system in Taiwan.[3][4]
On 24 August 2020, the Taichung City Council decided to use Tongyong Pinyin in the translated names of the stations on the Green line (Taichung Metro).[12]
Adoption and use
editThis section needs to be updated.(December 2010) |
Tongyong Pinyin was the official romanization system in Taiwan, but its use was voluntary.[22] The romanization system that one encounters in Taiwan varies according to the government authority that administers the facility. Street signs in most areas use Tongyong Pinyin,[citation needed] including the cities of Kaohsiung, Tainan, and surrounding counties. A contrast could be seen in the two entities that now make up the municipality of Taichung–Taichung County used Tongyong Pinyin while Taichung City has used Hanyu Pinyin since at least 2004. Then-mayor Ma Ying-jeou remained committed to using Hanyu Pinyin as the Romanization standard for Taipei.[23] Taipei County (now New Taipei City) used Tongyong Pinyin, but in Taipei Metro stations, Tongyong Pinyin was given in parentheses after Hanyu Pinyin. Modified Wade–Giles spellings are popularly used for many proper names, especially personal names and businesses.
The political impasse prevented Ministry of Education from being able to replace Zhuyin in teaching pronunciation in elementary school. Zhuyin is widely used to teach Mandarin pronunciation to schoolchildren. Children's books published in Taiwan typically display Zhuyin characters next to Chinese characters in the text.
On 17 September 2008, the Ministry of Education announced that the government standard for romanization would be switched to Hanyu Pinyin nationwide, effective 1 January 2009.[3][4] However, people in Taiwan can freely choose their foreign language names. So although Tongyong Pinyin was effectively scrapped as the romanization standard of Taiwan's central government, many today choose a romanized form of their Chinese character name that is created based on the Tongyong Pinyin, Wade–Giles, or Yale romanization systems.[24]
Today, districts of Kaohsiung are named by Tongyong. Districts of Tainan are mostly named by Tongyong with exceptions such as Xinying.
Taiwanese language variant
editThe Tongyong Pinyin system also exists in a Taiwanese Hokkien phonetic symbol version, Daighi tongiong pingim, which lacks f but adds bh. However, in 2006, the Ministry of Education rejected the use of Daighi tongiong pingim for Taiwanese Hokkien and preferred the Taiwanese Romanization System.[25]
Features
editSpelling
editSome notable features of Tongyong Pinyin are:
- The first tone is unmarked.
- Hanyu Pinyin's zh- becomes jh- (Wade–Giles uses ch-).
- Hanyu Pinyin's x- and q- are not used in Tongyong Pinyin and become s- and c- (Wade–Giles uses hs- and ch'-).
- The Hanyu Pinyin -i (not represented in Zhuyin) known as the empty rhyme (空韻), are shown as -ih (somewhat like Wade–Giles): those in Hanyu Pinyin as zi (資), ci (慈), si (思), zhi (知), chi (吃), shi (詩), and ri (日) all end in -ih in Tongyong Pinyin.
- ü used in Hanyu Pinyin (written u after j, q and x) is replaced by yu.
- -eng becomes ong after f- and w- (奉、瓮)
- wen (溫) becomes wun
- -iong becomes yong: syong instead of pinyin xiong (兇) (cf. -iang remains unchanged: siang).
- Unlike in Wade–Giles and Hanyu Pinyin, -iu and -ui (liu [六] and gui [鬼]), contractions can be written out in full as -iou and -uei. However, according to the Ministry of the Interior, in romanizations of names of places that is at township-level or below township-level, the letters must be written in full.
Punctuation
edit- Tongyong syllables in the same word (except placenames) are to be separated by hyphens, like Wade–Giles, but in the Ministry of the Interior's romanizations, placenames have no spaces between the syllables.
- Tongyong uses tone marks like Zhuyin, not like Hanyu Pinyin. Tongyong Pinyin has no mark for the first tone but a dot for the neutral tone (optional on computers).
Shared features with Hanyu Pinyin
editIf tone is ignored, 19.47% of Tongyong Pinyin syllables are spelled differently to those of Hanyu Pinyin. The difference widens when syllables are measured according to average frequency of use in everyday life to a 48.84% difference in spellings.[26] In two cases (si and ci) the same Latin spelling denotes different syllables depending on the transcription system.
Arguments
editThis section is written like a debate.(May 2022) |
The prevalence of Hanyu Pinyin as an established system weighs at least as heavily on the debate over Tongyong Pinyin as any feature of the system itself. Arguments presented in the ongoing debate include these.
Supporting Tongyong Pinyin
editIntrinsic
edit- Tongyong spelling, it is argued, yields more accurate pronunciation from non-Chinese speakers than does Hanyu Pinyin. Tongyong does not use the letters ⟨q⟩ and ⟨x⟩, for example, in ways that confuse non-Chinese speakers who lack training in the system.[27][better source needed] (This, however, is disputed – refer to the section against Tongyong Pinyin below.)
- Those familiar with Hanyu Pinyin will encounter nothing radically different when using Tongyong Pinyin.
- Tongyong eliminates the need for diacritics for the ü sound.
- The spellings "fong" and "wong" are more accurate to reflect the sounds of 風 and 翁, as pronounced in the Standard Mandarin in Taiwan, as compared with "feng" and "weng".
Practical
edit- Tongyong Pinyin is business-friendly because of the ease it offers in pronunciation. Visitors to Taiwan can thus more easily describe and find place names, personal names, businesses and locales.
- Tongyong Pinyin requires no more special accommodation in international correspondence than the difference in Chinese characters (simplified vs. traditional) already requires.
- Tongyong strikes a balance between the need for internationalization and Taiwan's local needs.[28]
- Tongyong Pinyin would not supplant Hanyu Pinyin in Taiwan, as Hanyu Pinyin is rarely encountered outside the Taipei area anyway and has never been in common use. Tongyong Pinyin is intended to supplant the many variants of Wade–Giles that remain the dominant form of romanization encountered in Taiwan. No one questions the superiority of Tongyong Pinyin to Wade–Giles and the benefit to be gained from the change.
- Tongyong does not force its exclusive use on those who have already studied Hanyu Pinyin. One can use any system to render characters while one types or formats documents in Mandarin. Computers and electronic devices in Taiwan already offer Hanyu Pinyin and MPS keyboards as options. Transitions between romanized forms are also easily achieved if needed.
- Romanization is most useful to individuals who lack training in Mandarin but encounter names and terms in press reports and literature. Students of Mandarin gain literacy in Chinese characters and drop romanization systems of any kind. It, therefore, makes sense that, if possible, one should enable a confident first-time pronunciation of Mandarin words by outsiders.
Against Tongyong Pinyin
editIntrinsic
edit- Tongyong Pinyin treats the alveolar and the alveolar-palatal series as simply being allophones of each other. Thus:
- c is pronounced [tɕʰ] before "i", and [tsʰ] otherwise.
- s is pronounced [ɕ] before "i", and [s] otherwise.
Practical
edit- The standard romanization system of Mainland China, the International Organization for Standardization, and the United Nations is Hanyu Pinyin.[29]
- Tongyong Pinyin creates a third form of spelling/transliteration, adding complexity. For example, "Qing dynasty" (via Hanyu Pinyin) and "Ch'ing dynasty" (via Wade–Giles) is spelled as "Cing dynasty" (via Tongyong Pinyin). Persons doing research on this time period thus would need to know that all three terms in fact refer to the same dynasty.
Comparison with other orthographies
editThe differences between Tongyong Pinyin and Hanyu Pinyin[30] are relatively straightforward:
- The palatalized consonants are written j, c, s rather than j, q, x.
- The retroflex consonants are jh, ch, sh rather than zh, ch, sh.
- The "buzzing" vowels are written ih (shih, sih) rather than i (shi, si).
- Yu and yong are still spelled with a 'y' even after a consonant (nyu, jyong), rather than as ü, u, or iong.
- You and wei are written iou and uei after a consonant (diou, duei), rather than contracted to iu and ui.
- Eng is written labialized ong after the labial consonants f, w (fong, wong), but weng/wong contracts to ong after another consonant in both systems.
- Wen becomes wun.
- Neutral tone is written but not first tone.
IPA | a | ɔ | ɛ | ɤ | ai | ei | au | ou | an | ən | aŋ | əŋ | ʊŋ | aɹ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pinyin | a | o | ê | e | ai | ei | ao | ou | an | en | ang | eng | ong | er |
Tongyong Pinyin | ||||||||||||||
Wade–Giles | eh | ê/o | ên | êng | ung | êrh | ||||||||
Bopomofo | ㄚ | ㄛ | ㄝ | ㄜ | ㄞ | ㄟ | ㄠ | ㄡ | ㄢ | ㄣ | ㄤ | ㄥ | ㄨㄥ | ㄦ |
example | 阿 | 喔 | 誒 | 俄 | 艾 | 黑 | 凹 | 偶 | 安 | 恩 | 昂 | 冷 | 中 | 二 |
IPA | i | je | jou | jɛn | in | iŋ | jʊŋ | u | wo | wei | wən | wəŋ | y | ɥe | ɥɛn | yn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pinyin | yi | ye | you | yan | yin | ying | yong | wu | wo/o | wei | wen | weng | yu | yue | yuan | yun |
Tongyong Pinyin | wun | wong | ||||||||||||||
Wade–Giles | i/yi | yeh | yu | yen | yung | wên | wêng | yü | yüeh | yüan | yün | |||||
Bopomofo | ㄧ | ㄧㄝ | ㄧㄡ | ㄧㄢ | ㄧㄣ | ㄧㄥ | ㄩㄥ | ㄨ | ㄨㄛ/ㄛ | ㄨㄟ | ㄨㄣ | ㄨㄥ | ㄩ | ㄩㄝ | ㄩㄢ | ㄩㄣ |
example | 一 | 也 | 又 | 言 | 音 | 英 | 用 | 五 | 我 | 位 | 文 | 翁 | 玉 | 月 | 元 | 雲 |
IPA | p | pʰ | m | fəŋ | tjou | twei | twən | tʰɤ | ny | ly | kɤɹ | kʰɤ | xɤ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pinyin | b | p | m | feng | diu | dui | dun | te | nü | lü | ge | ke | he |
Tongyong Pinyin | fong | diou | duei | nyu | lyu | ||||||||
Wade–Giles | p | pʻ | fêng | tiu | tui | tun | tʻê | nü | lü | ko | kʻo | ho | |
Bopomofo | ㄅ | ㄆ | ㄇ | ㄈㄥ | ㄉㄧㄡ | ㄉㄨㄟ | ㄉㄨㄣ | ㄊㄜ | ㄋㄩ | ㄌㄩ | ㄍㄜ | ㄎㄜ | ㄏㄜ |
example | 玻 | 婆 | 末 | 封 | 丟 | 兌 | 頓 | 特 | 女 | 旅 | 歌 | 可 | 何 |
IPA | tɕjɛn | tɕjʊŋ | tɕʰin | ɕɥɛn | ʈʂɤ | ʈʂɨ | ʈʂʰɤ | ʈʂʰɨ | ʂɤ | ʂɨ | ɻɤ | ɻɨ | tsɤ | tswo | tsɨ | tsʰɤ | tsʰɨ | sɤ | sɨ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pinyin | jian | jiong | qin | xuan | zhe | zhi | che | chi | she | shi | re | ri | ze | zuo | zi | ce | ci | se | si |
Tongyong Pinyin | jyong | cin | syuan | jhe | jhih | chih | shih | rih | zih | cih | sih | ||||||||
Wade–Giles | chien | chiung | chʻin | shüan | chê | chih | chʻê | chʻih | shê | shih | jê | jih | tsê | tso | tzŭ | tsʻê | tzʻŭ | sê | ssŭ |
Bopomofo | ㄐㄧㄢ | ㄐㄩㄥ | ㄑㄧㄣ | ㄒㄩㄢ | ㄓㄜ | ㄓ | ㄔㄜ | ㄔ | ㄕㄜ | ㄕ | ㄖㄜ | ㄖ | ㄗㄜ | ㄗㄨㄛ | ㄗ | ㄘㄜ | ㄘ | ㄙㄜ | ㄙ |
example | 件 | 窘 | 秦 | 宣 | 哲 | 之 | 扯 | 赤 | 社 | 是 | 惹 | 日 | 仄 | 左 | 字 | 策 | 次 | 色 | 斯 |
IPA | ma˥˥ | ma˧˥ | ma˨˩˦ | ma˥˩ | ma |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pinyin | mā | má | mǎ | mà | ma |
Tongyong Pinyin | ma | mȧ | |||
Wade–Giles | ma1 | ma2 | ma3 | ma4 | ma |
Bopomofo | ㄇㄚ | ㄇㄚˊ | ㄇㄚˇ | ㄇㄚˋ | ˙ㄇㄚ |
example (Chinese characters) | 媽 | 麻 | 馬 | 罵 | 嗎 |
Gallery
editSee also
edit- Hanyu Pinyin
- Daighi tongiong pingim (DT in Taiwanese; 閩南語通用拼音)
References
editBut local governm
ents will not be able to get fi
nancial aid from the central go
vernment if they insist on usin
g the provincial Tongyong Pinyi
n system for all new street sig
ns, documents, tourist maps, an
d other things related to Chine
se romanization.(五)^ "NOTICE TO READERS". Taipei Times. 25 August 2009. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
To reflect gener
al acceptance of the Tongyong P
inyin system by local governmen
ts, from today, Taipei Times wi
ll adopt this as the default Ro
manization system for place nam
es in Taiwan. Exceptions apply
for Taipei City, for which the
Hanyu Pinyin system applies; ci
ty and county names whose tradi
tional spelling has been retain
ed (e.g., Kaohsiung, Keelung, H
sinchu); and localities with co
mmonly accepted variations (e.g.
Tamsui).(六)^ Liu Chien-kuo; Chen Ting-fei; Kuan Bi-ling; Cheng Pao-chin (18 January 2017). "Language: A tool for messages or identity". Taipei Times. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
Since Taiwan's Tongyong
pinyin is closer to how Englis
h is actually pronounced and sp
oken around the world, – it use
s "si" instead of "xi" – the ne
w MRT line should use Tongyong
pinyin. Kaohsiung's MRT has use
d Tongyong pinyin for many year
s, yet foreign visitors and res
idents have no problem navigati
ng the system.(七)^ 劉婉君 (15 October 2018). 路牌改通用拼音? 南市府‥已採用多年. Liberty Times (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 28 July 2019.
基進黨台南市東區市議員參選人李宗霖今
天指出,台南市路名牌拼音未統一、音譯錯誤等,建議統一採用通用拼
音。對此,台南市政府交通局回應,南市已實施通用拼音多年,將全面
檢視路名牌,依現行音譯方式進行校對改善。(八)^ Eryk Smith (27 November 2017). "OPINION: Hanyu Pinyin Should Not Be Political, Kaohsiung". Retrieved 13 July 2019.
why does
Kaohsiung City insist on makin
g visitors guess what 'Shihcyua
n' is supposed to represent? Es
pecially when a few blocks away,
the same road has somehow morp
hed into 'Shiquan' (十全路) Road?
Move away from Kaohsiung's city
center and streets, neighborho
ods or townships can have sever
al romanized names ... sometime
s on the same signage.{...}The
refusal to adopt Hanyu in Kaohs
iung seems based on nothing mor
e than groundless fear of loss
of identity or diminished regio
nal autonomy. Listen, Kaohsiung
: we won't lose our identity or
our freedom by changing the ro
manized spelling of Singjhong R
oad (興中)to Xingzhong.(九)^ "Administrative Districts". Kaohsiung City Government. 30 September 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
Taoyuan District Maolin
District Namasia District Jias
ian District Liouguei District
Shanlin District Meinong Distri
ct Neimen District Cishan Distr
ict Dashu District Daliao Distr
ict Zihguan District Linyuan Di
strict Tianliao District Yancha
o District Dashe District Renwu
District Siaogang District Fon
gshan District Mituo District A
lian District Gangshan District
Niaosong District Ciaotou Dist
rict Nanzih District Zuoying Di
strict Gushan District Sanmin D
istrict Sinsing District Cianji
n District YanCheng District Li
ngya District Cijin District Ci
anjhen District Hunei District
Lujhu District Cheting District
Yongan District(十)^ "District Office". Tainan City Government Global Website. 3 June 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
Eastern District Office Nor
th District Office West Central
District Office South District
Office Anping District Office
Annan District Office Sinying D
istrict Office Yanshuei Distric
t Office Baihe District Office
Liouying District Office Houbi
District Office Dongshan Distri
ct Office Madou District Office
Xiaying District Office Liouji
a District Office Guantian Dist
rict Office Danei District Offi
ce Jiali District Office Syueji
a District Office Sigang Distri
ct Office Cigu District Office
Jiangjyun District Office Beime
n District Office Sinhua Distri
ct Office Shanhua District Offi
ce Sinshih District Office Shan
shang District Office Yujing Di
strict Office Nansi District Of
fice Nanhua District Office Zuo
jhen District Office Rende Dist
rict Office Gueiren District Of
fice Guanmiao District Office L
ongci District Office Yong Kang
District Office Anding Distric
t Office(11)^ 喻文玟 (15 June 2019). 漢語拼音vs.通用拼音 中市捷運、街道不同調. 聯合新聞網 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 28 July 2019.
台中捷運綠線明年底通車,目前18站有命名爭議,捷運迷
也發現,車站名稱的英文拼音﹁一市兩制﹂,台中的道路採﹁漢語拼音﹂
,捷運站是用﹁通用拼音﹂,以主要幹道文心路為例,路牌是漢語拼音
﹁wenxin﹂‥捷運站是通用拼音﹁wunsin﹂。(12)^ abChing-Tse Cheng (25 August 2020). "Station names of central Taiwan Metro pass preliminary review". Taiwan News. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
The Taichung
City Council on Monday (Aug. 24)
gave initial approval to stati
on names on the Taichung Mass R
apid Transit's (TMRT) green lin
e, which is set to begin operat
ion by the end of this year.
After a preliminary inspection
of the 16.71-km line Monday, th
e city council gave a nod to th
e 18 station names on the green
line. The English station name
s were converted using Tongyong
pinyin (通用拼音) while four of th
e stations will also have alter
nate names, according to CNA.(13)^ "Village, Township and City offices". 雲林縣政府 YUNLIN COUNTY GOVERNMENT. 24 September 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
Title Po
stDate Shueilin Township{...}Li
nnei Township{...}Kouhu Townshi
p{...}Cihtong Township{...}Sihh
u Township{...}Dapi Township{...
}Yuanchang Township{...}Gukeng
Township{...}Taisi Township{...}
Beigang Township{...}Baojhong T
ownship{...}Tuku Township{...}D
ongshih Township{...}Siluo Town
ship{...}Mailiao Township{...}H
uwei Township{...}Lunbei Townsh
ip{...}Dounan Township{...}Erlu
n Township{...}Douliou City{...} (14)^ "Information". Zhongshan District Office, Keelung City. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
Wunhua
Rd. Fusing Rd. Fusing Rd.(15)^ "bg01". 基隆市信義區公所 (in Chinese (Taiwan) and English). Retrieved 28 September 2019.
基隆市信義區公所 K
eelung City Sinyi District Offi
ce(16)^ "Introduction". Sinyi District Household Registration Office, Keelung. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
Subordinated to Keelung
City Government, Sinyi Distric
t Household Registration Office
is located in the center of Ke
elung City. The current distric
t area is 10.670 sq. km., inclu
ding 20 villages and 412 neighb
orhoods in total. Since many go
vernment institutions are here
and a large proportion of the r
esidents are government officia
ls, Sinyi District is also call
ed ¡§educational and cultural d
istrict.¡¨ It is adjacent to Jh
ongjheng District in the east a
nd north, Renai District in the
south, Rueifang District, New
Taipei City in the South-east.(17)^ "History". Cijin District Office,Kaohsiung City. Archived from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
Cijin d
istrict(18)^ Hsu Wen-lian (19 July 2002). "Rush to Tongyong Pinyin reckless". Taipei Times. p. 8. (19)^ Lin Mei-chun (17 July 2002). "Minister to play down Tongyong controversy". Taipei Times. p. 3. (20)^ "Hanyu, Tongyong: survival of the fittest?". The China Post. 2 January 2007. (21)^ "Taiwan to standardize English spellings of place names". International Herald Tribune. 27 October 2007. (22)^ Ko Shu-ling (5 October 2002). "Tide of Romanization could shift". Taipei Times. p. 2. (23)^ Huang, Sandy (3 August 2002). "Ma remains Tongyong Pinyin holdout". Taipei Times. p. 2.
Des
pite the central government's d
ecision to make Tongyong Pinyin
the official system for the Ro
man-ization of street signs, Ta
ipei City Mayor Ma Ying-jeou (馬
英九) yesterday remained firm in
his stand that the Taipei City
Government would continue using
Hanyu Pinyin as its Romanizati
on standard.(24)^ Martin Boyle (22 January 2017). "Pinyin and a Taiwanese identity". Retrieved 14 July 2019.
T
aiwan has held on to traditiona
l characters and bopomofo, reso
lutely resisted simplified char
acters, mostly retained Wade–Gi
les and Yale for personal, poli
tical and geographical names in
Taiwan, but grudgingly accepte
d the linguistic arguments for
Hanyu pinyin signage in public
spaces.(25)^ Swofford, Mark (2 October 2006). "MOE approves Taiwanese romanization; Tongyongists protest". Retrieved 20 September 2008. (26)^ Tsai, Chih-Hao (1 July 2004). "Similarities Between Tongyong Pinyin and Hanyu Pinyin: Comparisons at the Syllable and Word Levels". Retrieved 20 September 2008. (27)^ Hong, Charles (15 November 2004). "Promote Tongyong Pinyin". Retrieved 20 September 2008. (28)^ Hwang Hsuan-fan; Chiang Wen-yu; Lo Seo-gim; Cheng Liang-wei (9 January 2000). "Romanization must strike a balance". Archived from the original on 22 November 2011. Retrieved 20 September 2008. (29)^ Te Khai-su (21 January 2017). "Letter: Phoney pinyin war". Taipei Times. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017. (30)^ "Tongyong Pinyin romanization system for Mandarin Chinese". Pinyin.info. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
External links
edit- Linguistic analysis
- Bopomofo-Hanyu Pinyin-Tongyong Pinyin comparison chart
- 漢語拼音與通用拼音對照表 Hanyu Pinyin-Tongyng Pinyin comparison chart (Chinese)
- Formal documents Archived 2006-07-27 at the Wayback Machine (in Traditional Chinese): from Academia Sinica
- Toponomastic Rules (in Traditional Chinese): from Wikisource
- Pinyin.info
- Chinese Phonetic Conversion Tool - Converts between Tongyong Pinyin, Hanyu Pinyin, Zhuyin and other formats