Tosa Province

Tosa Province was formed by the Ritsuryo reforms by combining the territories of the Tosa kuni no miyatsuko (都佐国造) who ruled in the east with the Hata kuni no miyatsuko (波多国造) who ruled in the west. The name "Tosa" appears in the Nihon Shoki in an entry dated Match 675. In many subsequent entries, Tosa is mentioned usually in connection with some natural disaster, including the 684 Hakuhō earthquake in which it was reported that a ship carrying the provincial governor had been swept away by a tsunami, and a new imperial governor was sent from the capital. The province appears to have been used as a penal colony or place of exile from the Asuka period. At the end of the Heian period, Minamoto no Mareyoshi, the younger brother of Minamoto no Yoritomo was exile by the Heike clan. Other prominent exiles included Fujiwara no Moronaga, Emperor Tsuchimikado, and Prince Takanaga. In the Kamakura period, the Ichijō familyofcourt nobles established a huge shōen landed estate in western Tosa, and ruled the area into the Sengoku period. During the Muromachi period, the Hosokawa clan were shugo of Tosa Province, but preferred to rule via proxy, using the Ohira clan, while remaining in Kyoto. When income from the manor tended to stop due to the Onin War, Kanpaku Ichijo Norifusa (with help of the Ohira clan) relocated to Tosa and became a local power controlling Hata and Takaoka Counties in western Tosa. The remainder of the province and controlled by the Motoyama, Aki, Kira, Tsuno, Chōsokabe and the Kosokabe clans. Under Chōsokabe Motochika, the Chōsokabe came to control all of Tosa, and later, to expand into all of Shikoku. They were stopped only by the forces of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who restricted them only to their territories in Tosa Province. Chōsokabe Motochika's son Chōsokabe Morichika was dispossessed as he sided with the losing Western army at the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, the province was assigned to Yamauchi Kazutoyo and the Yamauchi clan continued to rule the province as daimyōofTosa Domain until the Meiji restoration. Under theYamauchi, Kōchi Castle was built and the jōkamachi of Kochi city became the capital of the province. During the Bakumatsu period, many prominent people active in the overthrow of the shogunate and the early Meiji government, including Sakamoto Ryōma, Nakaoka Shintarō, Itagaki Taisuke, Gotō Shōjirō.^[1]

Type

kokudaka

Yamauchi clan

tozama

202,600 koku

Per the early Meiji period Kyudaka kyuryo Torishirabe-chō (旧高旧領取調帳), an official government assessment of the nation’s resources, the province had 348 villages with a total kokudaka of 494,087 koku. Tosa Province consisted of the following districts:

villages

status

Current municipalities

42,242 koku

50 villages

Ino, Niyodo, parts of Kōchi, Tosa, Ochi

51,420 koku

47 villages

Toyo, Nahari, Tano, Yasuda, Kitagawa, Umaji, Geisei

103,218 koku

109 villages

Otsuki, Kuroshio, Mihara, parts of Sukumo, Tosashimizu, Shimanto

68,762 koku

30 villages

dissolved

Kanan, most of Kami, parts of Aki, Nankoku, Geisei

71,422 koku

38 villages

Motoyama, Otoyo, most of Nankoku, parts of Kochi, Kami, Tosa

107,098 koku

61 villages

Nakatosa, Sakawa, Ochi, Yusuhara, Hidaka, Tsuno, Shimanto

49,921 koku

23 villages

Tosa, Okawa, parts of Kochi, Ino

Following the abolition of the han system in 1871, Tosa Province became Kochi Prefecture.

The Imperial Japanese Navy battleship Tosa, lead shipofits class, was named after the province.

•  
  Tosa Jinja, one of the ichinomiya of the province
•  
  Yamauchi Yōdō, Bakumatsu period daimyō of Tosa
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  Kōchi Castle
•  
  Sanmon of Tosa Kokubun-ji

• Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128

  Media related to Tosa Province at Wikimedia Commons

• Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903