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Simhamukha (sanskrit: Simhaṃukhã) or Senge Dongma(Tibetan: Seng-gdong-ma) is a female Buddha, a fully-enlightened being in the Vajrayana buddhist practice path as a yidam or meditational deity.[citation needed] She also appears in the retinue of Palden Lhamo[citation needed]?
Simhamukha first began to appear in Buddhist practice in India during the rise of the Tantric movement c. 9th Century. According to Miranda Shaw there was "considerable mutual influence" between the Hindu and Buddhist tantric groups with the closest Hindu cultural parallels to this lion-headed Buddha being found in the Kaula strand of Hindu tantra where animal-headed yoginis appear in the mandala retinues of Kali and Bhairava. In Orissa and Madhya Pradesh archaeological remains from the 9th to 11th Centuries depict these lion, tiger, boar, snake and bird-headed dakinis. [1]
Simhamukha is viewed as a dakini form of Padmasambhava, the founder of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. [2] Mandarava also appeared as Simhamukha. [3]
Simhamukha is usually a dark blue figure although she also appears in a red form.[4] She is similar to Vajravarahi, or the "diamond sow", in appearance and ornaments.[5] Like her, she has a curved knife in her right hand and a skullcap or kapala in her left, however her face is that of a lion, whereas Vajravarahi's face is human, with a sow's head appearing over her right ear.
Simhamukha is a wrathful deity.
The practice of Simhamukha was founded by Jetsunma Lochen.[6]
