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Vicegerent

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Vicegerent is the official administrative deputy of a ruler or head of state: vice (Latin for "in place of") and gerere (Latin for "to carry on, conduct").^[1]

InOxford colleges, a vicegerent is often someone appointed by the Master of a college to assume their powers and responsibilities during a period of absence.

Usage

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Catholic Church

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In the Catholic Church, the Vicegerent is an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Rome, who is granted the personal title of archbishop and serves as the chief assistant to the Cardinal Vicar of Rome.^[2]^[3]

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (August 2020)

1701–1712: Domenico Zauli [it]

1712–1715: Niccolò Caracciolo [it]

1723–1738: Nunzio Baccari

1738–1742: Filippo Carlo Spada [it]

1742–1759: Ferdinando Maria de' Rossi [it]

1759–1773: Domenico Giordani

1774–1786: Francesco Antonio Marcucci

1787–1798: Francesco Saverio Passari [it]

1800–1812: Benedetto Fenaja [de]

1814–1821: Candido Maria Frattini [de]

1821–1833: Giuseppe della Porta Rodiani [it]

1833–1841: Antonio Luigi Piatti [de]

1841–1842: Giuseppe Maria Vespignani [de]

1842–1851: Giovanni Giuseppe Canali [it]

1851–1862: Antonio Ligi Bussi [de]

1862–1868: Pietro de Villanova Castellacci [de]

1868–1876: Giuseppe Angelini

1876–1895: Giulio Lenti [de]

1895–1899: Francesco di Paola Cassetta

1899–1917: Giuseppe Ceppetelli

1917–1936: Giuseppe Palica

1936–1960: Luigi Traglia

1953–1960: Ettore Cunial, second vicegerent

1960–1972: Ettore Cunial

1969–1972: Ugo Poletti, second vicegerent

1973–1975: Luigi Rovigatti [it]

1975–1984: Giovanni Canestri

1985–1988: Ennio Appignanesi

1991–1996: Remigio Ragonesi [it]

1996–2003: Cesare Nosiglia

2003–2010: Luigi Moretti

2012–2017: Filippo Iannone

2020–2022: Gianpiero Palmieri [it]

2022–present: Baldassare Reina [it] (the appointment by Francis did not state that he had been made an archbishop)

Church of England

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Early in 1535, closely following the passing of Parliament's Act of Supremacy formally creating the Church of England, King Henry VIII appointed his chief minister Thomas Cromwell "Vice-Gerent in spirituals", effectively acting as the king's deputy in church matters and taking precedence over the two archbishops; this was a necessary step as Cromwell, as an unordained layman, otherwise had no jurisdiction within the Church. The office was not continued after Cromwell's execution in 1540.^[4] Cromwell's earlier appointment, that of Vicar General, had different responsibilities: under this title he directed the royal commissions into monastic affairs.^[5]

Southeast Asia

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PatihorPepatih is a regent title equivalent to vicegerent which was traditionally used among Austronesian polities of insular Southeast Asia, in particular those of Java and the Malay world. In the first place it denoted the chief minister of a kingdom or (in the case of Java) a traditional regency. Lesser ministers could also be known by the title. In some cases the headmen of local communities could be termed Patih, for example on 16th-century Java and in Banjarmasin in southeastern Kalimantan.^[6]

In his capacity of chief minister in a realm, the Patih was the right hand and representative of the ruler. The commands of the ruler were transferred to the regional or local chiefs via the Patih. In the Javanese kingdoms the Patih had his own palace, the Pepatihan, and carried a particular name; in Yogyakarta his name as regent was Danurejo, in Surakarta (Solo) it was Joyonegoro.^[7]

Notable vicegerents

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King John became vicegerent under the Pope.^[8]
Thomas Cromwell, Vicegerent of Henry VIII, appointed 1535.
The Byzantine Emperors held as a title "God's Vicegerent on Earth".^[9]
Milton, in his work Paradise Lost, titles the Son "The Vicegerent", in Book 10.

Notes

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Look up vicegerent in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

^ Random House Dictionary (2009 ed.)

^ Pope Paul VI (6 January 1977). "Vicariae potestatis in urbe" (in Italian). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Retrieved 9 April 2014.

^ Rev. Thomas F. Knox (1876), "Studies in Biography - No V. The Last Survivor of the Ancient English Hierarchy, part II", The Month and Catholic Review, XXVI (February ed.), Simpkin, Marshall: 139, retrieved 9 March 2014

^ MacCulloch, Diarmaid (27 September 2018). Thomas Cromwell : a life. pp. 268–9, 533. ISBN 9781846144295.

^ Burnet, Gilbert (1753). The History of the Reformation of the Church of England. Vol. 1 (1850 ed.). London: William S Orr &Co. p. 135.

^ A. Cortesão (1944), The Suma Oriental of Tomé Pires, Vol. I-II. London: Hakluyt Society; J.J. Ras (1968), Hikajat Bandjar; A Study in Malay Histiography. The Hague: M. Nijhoff.

^ G.F.E. Gonggrijp (1934), Geïllustreerde Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch-Indië. Leiden: Leidsche Uitgeversmaatschappij, p. 1154.

^ Browning, Charles Henry (1898). The Magna charta barons and their American descendants with the pedigrees of the founders of the Order of Runnemede deduced from the sureties for the enforcement of the statutes of the Magna charta of King John. Philadelphia. p. 14.

^ Littlewood, Anthony R. (16 March 1988). Maguire, Henry (ed.). Byzantine court culture from 829 to 1204. Harvard University Press. p. 21. ISBN 9780884022428.

Vicegerent

Contents

Usage

Catholic Church

Church of England

Southeast Asia

Notable vicegerents

Notes

Further reading

Languages