Viliam Široký (31 May 1902 – 6 October 1971) was a prominent Communist politician of Czechoslovakia, the prime minister from 1953 to 1963. He also served as the leader of the Communist Party of Slovakia between 1945 and 1954.
Viliam Široký
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Portrait of Śiroký, 1947
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| Interim President of Czechoslovakia | |
| In office 13 November 1957 – 19 November 1957 | |
| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | Antonín Zápotocký |
| Succeeded by | Antonín Novotný |
| Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia | |
| In office 21 March 1953 – 20 September 1963 | |
| President | Antonín Zápotocký (1953–1957) Himself (Interim; 1957) Antonín Novotný (1957–1963) |
| Preceded by | Antonín Zápotocký |
| Succeeded by | Jozef Lenárt |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 14 March 1950 – 31 December 1952 | |
| President | Klement Gottwald |
| Prime Minister | Antonín Zápotocký |
| Preceded by | Vladimír Clementis |
| Succeeded by | Václav David |
| Deputy Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia | |
| In office 4 April 1945 – 21 March 1953 | |
| President | Edvard Beneš (1945–1948) Klement Gottwald (1948–1953) |
| Prime Minister | Zdeněk Fierlinger (1945–1946) Klement Gottwald (1946–1948) Antonín Zápotocký (1948–1953) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1902-05-31)31 May 1902 Pozsony, Pozsony County, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 6 October 1971(1971-10-06) (aged 69) Prague, Czechoslovakia |
| Political party | Communist Party of Czechoslovakia |
| Awards | Two Order of Polonia Restituta Two Order of Klement Gottwald |
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Široký was born into the family of railroad workers in Hungary. According to Muriel Blaive, he was an ethnic Hungarian,[1] but no Slovak source confirms this.
He joined the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia at 19 and quickly rose in the party apparatus after the election of Klement Gottwald as general secretary. Together with Václav Kopecký, Široký were agents of the Soviet NKVD, whose task was to inform the Moscow leadership mainly about Gottwald's activities.
He was elected as a member of the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia and prior to the start of the Second World War he was elected secretary of the Communist Party of Slovakia. In the autumn of 1938, Široký left for the USSR due to the growing threat of invasion from Nazi Germany. During the war, he first worked as a member of the exiled foreign secretariat of the Communist Party in Paris, later in a similar position in Moscow.[2]
In 1941 he was sent to Slovakia, where he was soon arrested and sentenced to the Leopoldov Prison. At the beginning of 1945, he managed to escape and cross the approaching front to the Red Army.[3]
After the end of the war, Široký became one of the most influential men in Czechoslovakia. He was a member of the Politburo of the CPC as well its secretariat. He also held important government positions, From April 4, 1945, he was Deputy Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia and held this post in several post-war governments until March 21, 1953. From March 14, 1950 to January 31, 1953, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs in Antonín Zápotocký's government, and he presided over this government from March 21, 1953, after Zápotocký became president of the republic. Subsequently, he was the Prime Minister of other governments and held the post of Prime Minister until 20 September 1963.[4] When Zápotocký died in November 1957, Široký carried out most presidential duties for a week until party boss Antonin Novotny was elected president.
Široký was an initiator of the campaign against bourgeois nationalists in Czechoslovakia, which led to the suppression of politicians such as Vladímir Clementis, Laco Novomeský and Gustáv Husák. He took an active part in negotiating and enforcing constitutional changes which resulted in the creation of the 1960 Constitution of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.
His career came in to an abrupt end during the Prague Spring and the rehabilitation processes he was relieved of all posts and in 1968 he was expelled from the ranks of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.[2]
Široký was rehabilitated shortly before his death in 1971 during the period of normalization of his former political enemy, Gustáv Husák.
| Political offices | ||
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| Preceded by | Minister of Foreign AffairsofCzechoslovakia 1950–1952 |
Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia 1953–1963 |
Succeeded by |