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Voiceless bilabial implosive

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Avoiceless bilabial implosive is a rare consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɓ̥⟩ or ⟨pʼ↓⟩. A dedicated IPA letter, ⟨ƥ⟩, was withdrawn in 1993.

ɓ̥

pʼ↓

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Features

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Features of the voiceless bilabial implosive:

Its manner of articulationisocclusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a plosive.
Its place of articulationisbilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
The airstream mechanismisimplosive (glottalic ingressive), which means it is produced by pulling air in by pumping the glottis downward. As it is voiceless, the glottis is completely closed, and there is no pulmonic airstream at all.

Occurrence

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A rare and evidently unstable sound, /ɓ̥/ is found in the Serer of Senegal and in the Owere dialect of Igbo in Nigeria. It can also be found in Ngiti in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.^[1]

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Kaqchikel^[2]	b'ojoy	[ɓ̥oχoj]	'pot'
Mam^[3]	b'aj	[ɓ̥aχ]	'finish'	In free variation with /ɓ/.
Serer^[4]	^{[example needed]}			Contrasts /ɓ̥, ɗ̥, ʄ̊, ɓ, ɗ, ʄ/.
Ngiti^[5]	^{[example needed]}

References

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^ Kutsch Lojenga, Constance (1994). Ngiti: a Central-Sudanic language of Zaire (PhD). Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. p. 31.

^ Patal Majzul et al., 2000, pp. 24ff.

^ England, Nora C. (1983). A grammar of Mam, a Mayan language. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0292729278. OCLC 748935484.

^ Mc Laughlin (2005:203)

^ Kutsch Lojenga, Constance (1994). Ngiti: a Central-Sudanic language of Zaire (PhD). Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.

Works cited

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Mc Laughlin, Fiona (2005), "Voiceless implosives in Seereer-Siin", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 35 (2): 201–214, doi:10.1017/S0025100305002215, S2CID 145717014

External links

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List of languages with [ɓ̥]onPHOIBLE

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Voiceless bilabial implosive

Contents

Features

Occurrence

See also

References

Works cited

External links

Languages