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< W i k i p e d i a : V i t a l a r t i c l e s | L e v e l / 4
Larger list of vital articles to be included on Wikipedias
WP:VA/P
WP:VAPEOPLE
Level 4 Sublists
Vital articles is a list of subjects for which Wikipedia should have corresponding high-quality articles. It serves as a centralized watchlist to track the status of Wikipedia's most essential articles. This is one of eleven Level 4 sub-lists of ten thousand articles and is currently under construction.
Former featured articles
A-class articles
Good articles
Delisted good articles
Failed good article nominees
B-class articles
C-class articles
Start-class articles
Stub-class articles
List-class articles
Unassessed articles
The progress bar is auto-updated via category count, and the symbols and article counts are updated daily by User:cewbot . Please read the FAQ before modifying the article list.
This list is tailored to the English-language Wikipedia. There is also a list of ten thousand articles considered vital to Wikipedias of all languages.
For more information on this list and the process for adding articles, please see the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) page .
Total 1,994 articles.
People
This section contains 1994 articles.
Entertainers
This section contains 88 articles.
This section contains 59 articles.
Julie Andrews
Lauren Bacall
Amitabh Bachchan
Brigitte Bardot
Ingrid Bergman
Sarah Bernhardt
Humphrey Bogart
Marlon Brando
James Cagney
Jackie Chan
Claudette Colbert
Sean Connery
Gary Cooper
Joan Crawford
Bette Davis
Doris Day
Robert De Niro
Alain Delon
Marlene Dietrich
Clint Eastwood
Henry Fonda
Jean Gabin
Clark Gable
Greta Garbo
Judy Garland
John Gielgud
Lillian Gish
Cary Grant
Alec Guinness
Tom Hanks
Setsuko Hara
Rita Hayworth
Audrey Hepburn
Katharine Hepburn
Grace Kelly
Klaus Kinski
Vivien Leigh
Sophia Loren
Madhubala
Marcello Mastroianni
Toshiro Mifune
Marilyn Monroe
Jeanne Moreau
Jack Nicholson
Laurence Olivier
Peter O'Toole
Gregory Peck
Mary Pickford
Sidney Poitier
Rajinikanth
Barbara Stanwyck
James Stewart
Meryl Streep
Elizabeth Taylor
Shirley Temple
Spencer Tracy
Rudolph Valentino
John Wayne
Mae West
Dancers and choreographers
This section contains 15 articles.
This section contains 7 articles.
George Balanchine
Mikhail Baryshnikov
Margot Fonteyn
Vaslav Nijinsky
Rudolf Nureyev
Anna Pavlova
Marius Petipa
Other dance
This section contains 8 articles.
Fred Astaire
Josephine Baker
Isadora Duncan
Bob Fosse
Martha Graham
Gene Kelly
Izumo no Okuni
Ginger Rogers
This section contains 9 articles.
Carol Burnett
George Carlin
Bill Cosby
Louis de Funès
Laurel and Hardy
Marx Brothers
Monty Python
Richard Pryor
This section contains 5 articles.
Harry Houdini
Marcel Marceau
Ed Sullivan
Oprah Winfrey
Visual artists
This section contains 123 articles.
Western painters and illustrators
This section contains 71 articles.
Post-classical
This section contains 1 article.
Giotto
Renaissance to early modern
This section contains 22 articles.
Sandro Botticelli
Hieronymus Bosch
Pieter Bruegel the Elder
Caravaggio
Jacques-Louis David
Albrecht Dürer
Artemisia Gentileschi
El Greco
Francisco Goya
William Hogarth
Hans Holbein the Younger
Leonardo da Vinci (Level 3 )
Masaccio
Nicolas Poussin
Raphael
Rembrandt (Level 3 )
Peter Paul Rubens
Titian
Jan van Eyck
Diego Velázquez
Johannes Vermeer
Antoine Watteau
Modern (painters)
This section contains 40 articles.
Paul Cézanne
Marc Chagall
John Constable
Gustave Courbet
Salvador Dalí
Edgar Degas
Eugène Delacroix
Max Ernst
Caspar David Friedrich
Paul Gauguin
Vincent van Gogh (Level 3 )
Edward Hopper
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
Frida Kahlo
Wassily Kandinsky
Paul Klee
René Magritte
Kazimir Malevich
Édouard Manet
Franz Marc
Henri Matisse
Joan Miró
Piet Mondrian
Claude Monet
Edvard Munch
Georgia O'Keeffe
Pablo Picasso (Level 3 )
Camille Pissarro
Jackson Pollock
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Ilya Repin
Gerhard Richter
Diego Rivera
Henri Rousseau
John Singer Sargent
Georges Seurat
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
J. M. W. Turner
Andy Warhol
James McNeill Whistler
Cartoonists, comics artists, and illustrators
This section contains 8 articles.
Aubrey Beardsley
M. C. Escher
Will Eisner
Hergé
Jack Kirby
Winsor McCay
Norman Rockwell
Osamu Tezuka
Other visual arts
This section contains 46 articles.
Sculptors
This section contains 8 articles.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini
Constantin Brâncuși
Donatello
Alberto Giacometti
Michelangelo (Level 3 )
Henry Moore
Phidias
Auguste Rodin
Architects
This section contains 22 articles.
Alvar Aalto
Leon Battista Alberti
Filippo Brunelleschi
Le Corbusier
Buckminster Fuller
Antoni Gaudí
Frank Gehry
Walter Gropius
Zaha Hadid
Imhotep
Philip Johnson
Louis Kahn
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Oscar Niemeyer
Andrea Palladio
I. M. Pei
Mimar Sinan
Albert Speer
Louis Sullivan
Vitruvius
Christopher Wren
Frank Lloyd Wright
Conceptual artists
This section contains 2 articles.
Joseph Beuys
Marcel Duchamp
Designers
This section contains 3 articles.
Coco Chanel
Yves Saint Laurent (designer)
Raymond Loewy
Photographers
This section contains 6 articles.
Ansel Adams
Henri Cartier-Bresson
Eadweard Muybridge
Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky
Man Ray
Edward Weston
Instrument makers
This section contains 1 article.
Antonio Stradivari
Urban planners
This section contains 4 articles.
Georges-Eugène Haussmann
Jane Jacobs
Robert Moses
Frederick Law Olmsted
Non-Western traditions
This section contains 6 articles.
Hokusai (Level 3 )
Hiroshige
Kanō Masanobu
Sesshū Tōyō
Shitao
Wang Xizhi
Writers
This section contains 256 articles.
This section contains 17 articles.
Asia
This section contains 2 articles.
Kalidasa
Qu Yuan
Europe
This section contains 15 articles.
Aeschylus
Aristophanes
Catullus
Euripides
Hesiod
Homer (Level 3 )
Horace
Lucian
Menander
Ovid
Plautus
Sappho
Sophocles
Terence
Virgil (Level 3 )
Post-classical
This section contains 28 articles.
Asia
This section contains 21 articles.
Bai Juyi
Bhavabhuti
Du Fu
Ferdowsi
Hafez
Han Yu
Jami
Kabir
Omar Khayyam
Amir Khusrau
Li Bai (Level 3 )
Murasaki Shikibu (Level 3 )
Nizami Ganjavi
Abu Nuwas
Ouyang Xiu
Rudaki
Rumi (Level 3 )
Saadi Shirazi
Su Shi
Tao Yuanming
Wang Wei (Tang dynasty)
Europe
This section contains 7 articles.
Dante Alighieri (Level 3 )
Giovanni Boccaccio
Geoffrey Chaucer
Chrétien de Troyes
Christine de Pizan
Petrarch
François Villon
Early modern
This section contains 34 articles.
Asia
This section contains 6 articles.
Fuzuli (poet)
Matsuo Bashō
Mir Taqi Mir
Mirabai
Tukaram
Tulsidas
Europe
This section contains 28 articles.
Pedro Calderón de la Barca
Robert Burns
Luís de Camões
Giacomo Casanova
Miguel de Cervantes (Level 3 )
Pierre Corneille
Daniel Defoe
John Donne
John Dryden
Henry Fielding
Samuel Johnson
Ben Jonson
Christopher Marlowe
John Milton
Michel de Montaigne
Thomas More
Molière
Nostradamus
Charles Perrault
Alexander Pope
François Rabelais
Jean Racine
Marquis de Sade
William Shakespeare (Level 3 )
Edmund Spenser
Jonathan Swift
Lope de Vega
Voltaire (Level 3 )
Modern
This section contains 177 articles.
Africa
This section contains 7 articles.
Chinua Achebe
J. M. Coetzee
Nadine Gordimer
Naguib Mahfouz
Ben Okri
Wole Soyinka
Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o
Americas
This section contains 50 articles.
US and Canada
This section contains 41 articles.
Maya Angelou
Isaac Asimov
Margaret Atwood
Saul Bellow
Ray Bradbury
William S. Burroughs
Raymond Chandler
Emily Dickinson
T. S. Eliot
Ralph Waldo Emerson
William Faulkner
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Robert Frost
Allen Ginsberg
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Robert A. Heinlein
Ernest Hemingway
Langston Hughes
Henry James
Jack Kerouac
Stephen King
Ursula K. Le Guin
Stan Lee
Jack London
H. P. Lovecraft
Herman Melville
Arthur Miller
Toni Morrison
Vladimir Nabokov
Sylvia Plath
Edgar Allan Poe
Ezra Pound
Ayn Rand
Dr. Seuss
Upton Sinclair
John Steinbeck
Mark Twain
Kurt Vonnegut
Edith Wharton
Walt Whitman
Tennessee Williams
Latin America
This section contains 9 articles.
Jorge Amado
Jorge Luis Borges
Alejo Carpentier
Carlos Fuentes
Gabriel García Márquez
Machado de Assis
José Martí
Pablo Neruda
Mario Vargas Llosa
Europe
This section contains 101 articles.
Europe: General
This section contains 1 article.
Constantine P. Cavafy
Central Europe
This section contains 7 articles.
Adam Mickiewicz
Ismail Kadare
Joseph Conrad
Sándor Petőfi
Henryk Sienkiewicz
Taras Shevchenko
Elie Wiesel
Russia
This section contains 16 articles.
Anna Akhmatova
Joseph Brodsky
Mikhail Bulgakov
Ivan Bunin
Anton Chekhov
Fyodor Dostoevsky
Maxim Gorky
Nikolai Gogol
Mikhail Lermontov
Vladimir Mayakovsky
Boris Pasternak
Alexander Pushkin
Mikhail Sholokhov
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Leo Tolstoy (Level 3 )
Ivan Turgenev
Western Europe
This section contains 40 articles.
Hans Christian Andersen
Antonin Artaud
Honoré de Balzac
Charles Baudelaire
Karen Blixen
Bertolt Brecht
Albert Camus
Alexandre Dumas
Umberto Eco
Gustave Flaubert
Anne Frank
Federico García Lorca
André Gide
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Brothers Grimm
Knut Hamsun
Heinrich Heine
Hermann Hesse
Victor Hugo
Henrik Ibsen
Eugène Ionesco
Franz Kafka
Selma Lagerlöf
Halldór Laxness
Astrid Lindgren
Thomas Mann
Stéphane Mallarmé
Guy de Maupassant
Fernando Pessoa
Luigi Pirandello
Marcel Proust
Arthur Rimbaud
Rainer Maria Rilke
José Saramago
Friedrich Schiller
Stendhal
August Strindberg
Tristan Tzara
Jules Verne
Émile Zola
UK and Ireland
This section contains 37 articles.
Jane Austen
Samuel Beckett
William Blake
Enid Blyton
Brontë family
Lord Byron
Lewis Carroll
Agatha Christie
Arthur C. Clarke
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Roald Dahl
Charles Dickens
Arthur Conan Doyle
George Eliot
William Golding
Thomas Hardy
James Joyce
John Keats
Rudyard Kipling
D. H. Lawrence
C. S. Lewis
V. S. Naipaul
George Orwell
Salman Rushdie
Walter Scott
George Bernard Shaw
Mary Shelley
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Robert Louis Stevenson
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Dylan Thomas
J. R. R. Tolkien
H. G. Wells
Oscar Wilde
William Wordsworth
Virginia Woolf
W. B. Yeats
Asia
This section contains 17 articles.
Chinghiz Aitmatov
Ryūnosuke Akutagawa
Ghalib
Kahlil Gibran
Muhammad Iqbal
Kazuo Ishiguro
Jin Yong
Yasunari Kawabata
Lao She
Lu Xun
Yukio Mishima
Haruki Murakami
Natsume Sōseki
Kenzaburō Ōe
Orhan Pamuk
Premchand
Rabindranath Tagore (Level 3 )
Oceania
This section contains 2 articles.
Banjo Paterson
Patrick White
Journalists
This section contains 14 articles.
David Attenborough
Nellie Bly
Walter Cronkite
Horace Greeley
William Randolph Hearst
Walter Lippmann
Rupert Murdoch
Edward R. Murrow
Joseph Pulitzer
Ida Tarbell
Hunter S. Thompson
Anna Wintour
Bob Woodward
Musicians and composers
This section contains 149 articles.
This section contains 72 articles.
Composers
This section contains 53 articles.
Post-classical history and the Renaissance
This section contains 5 articles.
Hildegard of Bingen
Guillaume de Machaut
Josquin des Prez
Guillaume Du Fay
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Baroque
This section contains 5 articles.
Johann Sebastian Bach (Level 3 )
George Frideric Handel
Claudio Monteverdi
Henry Purcell
Antonio Vivaldi
Classical
This section contains 3 articles.
Ludwig van Beethoven (Level 3 )
Joseph Haydn
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Level 3 )
Romantic
This section contains 20 articles.
Hector Berlioz
Johannes Brahms
Anton Bruckner
Frédéric Chopin
Antonín Dvořák
Edward Elgar
Gilbert and Sullivan
Franz Liszt
Gustav Mahler
Felix Mendelssohn
Modest Mussorgsky
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Gioachino Rossini
Franz Schubert
Robert Schumann
Johann Strauss II
Richard Strauss
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Giuseppe Verdi
Richard Wagner
20th century modern
This section contains 20 articles.
Béla Bartók
Benjamin Britten
Aaron Copland
Claude Debussy
Gabriel Fauré
George Gershwin
Giacomo Puccini
Sergei Prokofiev
Sergei Rachmaninoff
Maurice Ravel
Arnold Schoenberg
Dmitri Shostakovich
Jean Sibelius
Igor Stravinsky
Ralph Vaughan Williams
Avant-garde/postmodern
This section contains 5 articles.
Pierre Boulez
John Cage
Philip Glass
György Ligeti
Karlheinz Stockhausen
Pedagogues
This section contains 1 article.
Nadia Boulanger
This section contains 18 articles.
Cellists
This section contains 2 articles.
Pablo Casals
Mstislav Rostropovich
Conductors
This section contains 3 articles.
Leonard Bernstein
Herbert von Karajan
Arturo Toscanini
Pianists
This section contains 5 articles.
Glenn Gould
Vladimir Horowitz
Sviatoslav Richter
Arthur Rubinstein
Clara Schumann
Singers
This section contains 7 articles.
Maria Callas
Enrico Caruso
Plácido Domingo
Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau
Kirsten Flagstad
Luciano Pavarotti
Joan Sutherland
Violinists
This section contains 1 article.
Niccolò Paganini
Non-Western art music
This section contains 7 articles.
Carnatic classical
This section contains 3 articles.
Muthuswami Dikshitar
Syama Sastri
Tyagaraja
Hindustani classical
This section contains 2 articles.
Ali Akbar Khan
Ravi Shankar
Qawwali
This section contains 1 article.
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan
Persian traditional
This section contains 1 article.
Mohammad-Reza Shajarian
Jazz
This section contains 10 articles.
Louis Armstrong (Level 3 )
Miles Davis
Duke Ellington
Ella Fitzgerald
Benny Goodman
Billie Holiday
Antônio Carlos Jobim
Scott Joplin
Charlie Parker
Django Reinhardt
Popular music
This section contains 60 articles.
ABBA
Bing Crosby
Stephen Foster
Michael Jackson (Level 3 )
Madonna
Miriam Makeba
Bob Marley
Frank Sinatra
Taylor Swift
Non-English language singers
This section contains 7 articles.
Charles Aznavour
Serge Gainsbourg
Umm Kulthum
Lata Mangeshkar
Édith Piaf
Teresa Teng
Vladimir Vysotsky
Afrobeat
This section contains 1 article.
Fela Kuti
Blues, R&B, and soul
This section contains 6 articles.
Ray Charles
Aretha Franklin
Marvin Gaye
Robert Johnson
B. B. King
The Supremes
Electronic music
This section contains 2 articles.
Brian Eno
Kraftwerk
Folk and country
This section contains 6 articles.
Joan Baez
Johnny Cash
Woody Guthrie
Joni Mitchell
Dolly Parton
Hank Williams
Funk
This section contains 2 articles.
James Brown
Prince (musician)
Hip-hop and rap
This section contains 1 article.
Tupac Shakur
Latin
This section contains 4 articles.
Celia Cruz
Julio Iglesias
Astor Piazzolla
Selena
Flamenco
This section contains 1 article.
Paco de Lucía
Musical comedy and lyricists
This section contains 3 articles.
Irving Berlin
Rodgers and Hammerstein
Andrew Lloyd Webber
Rock
This section contains 18 articles.
The Beach Boys
The Beatles (Level 3 )
John Lennon
Black Sabbath
Chuck Berry
David Bowie
The Doors
Bob Dylan
Jimi Hendrix
Buddy Holly
Janis Joplin
Led Zeppelin
Little Richard
Pink Floyd
Elvis Presley
Queen (band)
The Rolling Stones
The Velvet Underground
Directors, producers and screenwriters
This section contains 61 articles.
This section contains 3 articles.
Walt Disney (Level 3 )
Hayao Miyazaki
Jim Henson
Directors
This section contains 53 articles.
Woody Allen
Michelangelo Antonioni
Ingmar Bergman
Robert Bresson
Luis Buñuel
James Cameron
Frank Capra
Charlie Chaplin (Level 3 )
Jean Cocteau
Francis Ford Coppola
Cecil B. DeMille
Vittorio De Sica
Carl Theodor Dreyer
Guru Dutt
Sergei Eisenstein
Federico Fellini
John Ford
Miloš Forman
Jean-Luc Godard
D. W. Griffith
Howard Hawks
Werner Herzog
Alfred Hitchcock
Raj Kapoor
Elia Kazan
Buster Keaton
Abbas Kiarostami
Akira Kurosawa
Stanley Kubrick
Fritz Lang
David Lean
Ang Lee
George Lucas
Auguste and Louis Lumière
Ida Lupino
David Lynch
Georges Méliès
Yasujirō Ozu
Roman Polanski
Satyajit Ray
Jean Renoir
Leni Riefenstahl
Martin Scorsese
Ousmane Sembène
Steven Spielberg
Quentin Tarantino
Andrei Tarkovsky
François Truffaut
Agnès Varda
Orson Welles
Billy Wilder
Wong Kar-wai
William Wyler
Producers and executives
This section contains 4 articles.
Samuel Goldwyn
Louis B. Mayer
Irving Thalberg
Jack L. Warner
Screenwriter
This section contains 1 article.
Frances Marion
Businesspeople
This section contains 29 articles.
P. T. Barnum
Warren Buffett
Al Capone
Andrew Carnegie
Marcus Licinius Crassus
Pablo Escobar
Henry Ford (Level 3 )
Jakob Fugger
Bill Gates
Howard Hughes
Steve Jobs
Estée Lauder (businesswoman)
Li Ka-shing
Andrew Mellon
Shigeru Miyamoto
J. P. Morgan
John D. Rockefeller
Rothschild family
David Sarnoff
Carlos Slim
George Soros
Leland Stanford
Jamsetji Tata
Ted Turner
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Sam Walton
Josiah Wedgwood
George Westinghouse
Explorers
This section contains 30 articles.
This section contains 2 articles.
Hanno the Navigator
Zhang Qian
Post-classical
This section contains 5 articles.
Ibn Battuta
Leif Erikson
Marco Polo (Level 3 )
Xuanzang
Zheng He (Level 3 )
Early modern
This section contains 12 articles.
Vitus Bering
Pedro Álvares Cabral
Jacques Cartier
Christopher Columbus (Level 3 )
James Cook (Level 3 )
Vasco da Gama (Level 3 )
Ferdinand Magellan (Level 3 )
Juan Ponce de León
Hernando de Soto
Abel Tasman
Amerigo Vespucci
Willem Barentsz
Modern
This section contains 11 articles.
Roald Amundsen (Level 3 )
Neil Armstrong
Amelia Earhart
Yuri Gagarin
Alexander von Humboldt
Charles Lindbergh
David Livingstone
Fridtjof Nansen
Robert Falcon Scott
Ernest Shackleton
Valentina Tereshkova
Philosophers, historians, political and social scientists
This section contains 162 articles.
Philosophers
This section contains 68 articles.
This section contains 21 articles.
Aristotle (Level 3 )
Augustine of Hippo
Cicero (Level 3 )
Confucius (Level 3 )
Democritus
Diogenes
Epicurus
Han Fei
Heraclitus
Kaṇāda
Laozi (Level 3 )
Li Si
Lucretius
Mencius
Plato (Level 3 )
Plotinus
Seneca the Younger
Shang Yang
Socrates (Level 3 )
Thales of Miletus
Xunzi (philosopher)
Post-classical
This section contains 7 articles.
Peter Abelard
Averroes
Duns Scotus
Al-Farabi
Thomas Aquinas (Level 3 )
William of Ockham
Zhu Xi
Early modern
This section contains 13 articles.
Francis Bacon
Jeremy Bentham
George Berkeley
Giordano Bruno
René Descartes (Level 3 )
Denis Diderot
Erasmus
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
David Hume
Immanuel Kant (Level 3 )
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Baruch Spinoza
Wang Yangming
Modern
This section contains 27 articles.
Hannah Arendt
Simone de Beauvoir
Henri Bergson
Isaiah Berlin
Auguste Comte
Jacques Derrida
John Dewey
Frantz Fanon
Michel Foucault
Jürgen Habermas
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Martin Heidegger
Edmund Husserl
William James
Søren Kierkegaard
Marshall McLuhan
John Stuart Mill
Friedrich Nietzsche (Level 3 )
Charles Sanders Peirce
Karl Popper
John Rawls
Bertrand Russell
Jean-Paul Sartre
Arthur Schopenhauer
Henry David Thoreau
Alfred North Whitehead
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Historians
This section contains 22 articles.
This section contains 8 articles.
Eusebius
Herodotus (Level 3 )
Josephus
Plutarch
Sima Qian
Tacitus
Thucydides
Xenophon
Post-classical
This section contains 4 articles.
Bede
Jean Froissart
Geoffrey of Monmouth
Ibn Khaldun (Level 3 )
Early modern
This section contains 3 articles.
Edward Gibbon
Nikolay Karamzin
Giorgio Vasari
Modern
This section contains 7 articles.
Charles A. Beard
Fernand Braudel
Eric Hobsbawm
Theodor Mommsen
Leopold von Ranke
A. J. P. Taylor
Frederick Jackson Turner
Social scientists, economists and political writers
This section contains 52 articles.
This section contains 2 articles.
Chanakya
Pāṇini
Post-classical
This section contains 1 article.
Niccolò Machiavelli (Level 3 )
Early modern
This section contains 10 articles.
Cesare Beccaria
Edmund Burke
Hugo Grotius
Thomas Hobbes
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
John Locke (Level 3 )
Montesquieu
Thomas Paine
Adam Smith (Level 3 )
Mary Wollstonecraft (Level 3 )
Modern
This section contains 39 articles.
Theodor W. Adorno
Mikhail Bakunin
Edward Bernays
Eduard Bernstein
Franz Boas
Pierre Bourdieu
Louis Braille
Noam Chomsky
W. E. B. Du Bois
Émile Durkheim
Friedrich Engels
Milton Friedman
John Kenneth Galbraith
Clifford Geertz
Antonio Gramsci
Friedrich Hayek
John Maynard Keynes
Peter Kropotkin
Claude Lévi-Strauss
Friedrich List
Karl Marx (Level 3 )
Marcel Mauss
Bronisław Malinowski
Thomas Robert Malthus
Margaret Mead
Maria Montessori
Vilfredo Pareto
Talcott Parsons
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
David Ricardo
Edward Said
Paul Samuelson
Ferdinand de Saussure
Heinrich Schliemann
Sequoyah
Herbert Spencer
Alexis de Tocqueville
Max Weber
Noah Webster
Psychologists
This section contains 20 articles.
Albert Bandura
Raymond Cattell
Albert Ellis
Erik Erikson
Leon Festinger
Anna Freud
Sigmund Freud (Level 3 )
Carl Jung
Kurt Lewin
Abraham Maslow
George Armitage Miller
Ivan Pavlov
Jean Piaget
Carl Rogers
B. F. Skinner
Edward Thorndike
Lev Vygotsky
John B. Watson
Wilhelm Wundt
This section contains 124 articles.
For mythological figures, see: Philosophy and religion: Mythology .
Hinduism
This section contains 17 articles.
This section contains 4 articles.
Kapila
Patanjali
Valmiki
Vyasa
Post-classical
This section contains 6 articles.
Adi Shankara (Level 3 )
Basava
Gaudapada
Kumārila Bhaṭṭa
Madhvacharya
Ramanuja
Modern
This section contains 7 articles.
A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
Paramahansa Yogananda
Ramakrishna
Ramana Maharshi
Sri Aurobindo
Swami Vivekananda
Buddhism
This section contains 15 articles.
14th Dalai Lama
Nagarjuna
Padmasambhava
Chinese Buddhism
This section contains 5 articles.
Bodhidharma
Kumārajīva
Lushan Huiyuan
Zhiyi
Huineng
Indian Buddhism
This section contains 4 articles.
Ānanda
Maudgalyayana
Śāriputra
Vasubandhu
Japanese Buddhism
This section contains 2 articles.
Dōgen
Kūkai
Abrahamic religions
This section contains 85 articles.
This section contains 6 articles.
Baal Shem Tov
Rabbi Akiva
Judah Loew ben Bezalel
Maimonides
Rashi
Vilna Gaon
Christianity
This section contains 60 articles.
This section contains 8 articles.
Jesus (Level 3 )
Mary, mother of Jesus
Mary Magdalene
John the Baptist
Judas Iscariot
Paul the Apostle (Level 3 )
Saint Peter
John the Apostle
Pre-Schism
This section contains 18 articles.
Ambrose
Arius
Athanasius of Alexandria
Basil of Caesarea
Benedict of Nursia
Clement of Alexandria
Cyril of Alexandria
Saint George
Gregory of Nazianzus
Gregory of Nyssa
Irenaeus
Jerome
John Chrysostom
John of Damascus
Cyril and Methodius
Saint Nicholas
Origen
Tertullian
Catholic Church
This section contains 11 articles.
Anselm of Canterbury
Bonaventure
Francis of Assisi
Jan Hus
Ignatius of Loyola
John of the Cross
Mother Teresa
Teresa of Ávila
Tomás de Torquemada
John Wycliffe
Francis Xavier
Popes
This section contains 6 articles.
Clement of Rome
Pope Gregory I
Pope Leo I
Pope John XXIII
Pope John Paul II
Pope Pius IX
Orthodox Church
This section contains 2 articles.
Patriarch Nikon of Moscow
Grigori Rasputin
Protestantism
This section contains 13 articles.
Jacobus Arminius
Karl Barth
Dietrich Bonhoeffer
John Calvin
Thomas Cranmer
Jonathan Edwards (theologian)
Billy Graham
John Knox
Martin Luther (Level 3 )
Philip Melanchthon
Desmond Tutu
John Wesley
Huldrych Zwingli
Others
This section contains 2 articles.
Mary Baker Eddy
Joseph Smith
Islam
This section contains 19 articles.
Muhammad (Level 3 )
Aisha
Fatima
Khadija bint Khuwaylid
Shia Islam
This section contains 3 articles.
Ali (Level 3 )
Husayn ibn Ali
Ja'far al-Sadiq
Sunni Islam
This section contains 8 articles.
Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Abu Hanifa
Malik ibn Anas
Muhammad al-Bukhari
Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
Al-Shafi'i
Ibn Taymiyya
Al-Nawawi
Others
This section contains 4 articles.
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
Al-Ghazali
Ibn Arabi
Mulla Sadra
Others
This section contains 7 articles.
This section contains 1 article.
Mahavira
New religious movements
This section contains 3 articles.
Baháʼu'lláh
Helena Blavatsky
Aleister Crowley
Sikhism
This section contains 2 articles.
Guru Gobind Singh
Guru Nanak
Zoroastrianism
This section contains 1 article.
Zoroaster
Politicians and leaders
This section contains 503 articles.
Ancient
This section contains 72 articles.
Africa
This section contains 13 articles.
Gaiseric
Egypt
This section contains 11 articles.
Narmer
Thutmose I
Hatshepsut
Thutmose III
Akhenaten
Nefertiti
Tutankhamun
Ramesses II (Level 3 )
Ramesses III
Ptolemy I Soter
Cleopatra (Level 3 )
Asia
This section contains 28 articles.
This section contains 7 articles.
Cao Cao
Emperor Gaozu of Han
Gwanggaeto the Great
Modu Chanyu
Qin Shi Huang (Level 3 )
Emperor Wu of Han
Yu the Great
Southern Asia
This section contains 7 articles.
Ajatashatru
Ashoka (Level 3 )
Chandragupta II
Chandragupta Maurya
Kanishka
Menander I
Samudragupta
Western Asia
This section contains 11 articles.
Ashurbanipal
Cyrus the Great (Level 3 )
Darius the Great
Hammurabi (Level 3 )
Mithridates VI Eupator
Nebuchadnezzar II
Puduḫepa
Sargon of Akkad
Tigranes the Great
Xerxes I
Zenobia
Hellenistic Kingdoms
This section contains 3 articles.
Antigonus I Monophthalmus
Antiochus III the Great
Seleucus I Nicator
Europe
This section contains 31 articles.
This section contains 3 articles.
Attila
Decebalus
Pyrrhus of Epirus
Greece
This section contains 7 articles.
Alcibiades
Demosthenes
Draco (lawgiver)
Lycurgus
Pericles
Solon
Themistocles
Macedonia
This section contains 2 articles.
Philip II of Macedon
Alexander the Great (Level 3 )
Western Europe
This section contains 5 articles.
Alaric I
Arminius
Boudica
Theodoric I
Vercingetorix
Ancient Rome
This section contains 14 articles.
Augustus (Level 3 )
Julius Caesar (Level 3 )
Caligula
Cato the Elder
Constantine the Great
Diocletian
Domitian
Gracchi brothers
Hadrian
Marcus Aurelius
Nero
Theodosius I
Tiberius
Trajan
Post-classical
This section contains 134 articles.
Africa
This section contains 6 articles.
Baybars
Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
Mansa Musa (Level 3 )
Abd Allah al-Mahdi Billah
Al-Nasir Muhammad
Americas
This section contains 2 articles.
Pachacuti
Asia
This section contains 49 articles.
Central Asia, Iran, Caucasus
This section contains 14 articles.
Batu Khan
Bumin Qaghan
Hulegu Khan
Jochi
Khosrow I
Mahmud of Ghazni
Muhammad of Ghor
Muhammad II of Khwarazm
Nizam al-Mulk
Tamar of Georgia
Timur (Level 3 )
Tokhtamysh
Tughril I
Ulugh Beg
Eastern Asia
This section contains 5 articles.
Genghis Khan (Level 3 )
Ögedei Khan
Sejong the Great
Taejo of Goryeo
Taejo of Joseon
China
This section contains 9 articles.
Hongwu Emperor
Yang Guifei
Kublai Khan
Emperor Taizong of Tang
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
Emperor Taizu of Song
Emperor Wen of Sui
Wu Zetian
Yongle Emperor
Southeastern Asia
This section contains 5 articles.
Anawrahta
Ram Khamhaeng
Gajah Mada
Jayavarman VII
Suryavarman II
Vietnam
This section contains 3 articles.
Lê Lợi
Lê Thánh Tông
Trần Thánh Tông
Southern Asia
This section contains 4 articles.
Prithviraj Chauhan
Harsha
Alauddin Khalji
Rajaraja I
Western Asia
This section contains 3 articles.
Saladin
Osman I
Mehmed II
Caliphates
This section contains 6 articles.
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
Abu Bakr
Harun al-Rashid
Mu'awiya I
Umar
Uthman
Europe
This section contains 77 articles.
This section contains 4 articles.
Stefan Dušan
Stephen the Great
Svatopluk I of Moravia
Vlad the Impaler
Bulgaria
This section contains 3 articles.
Krum
Boris I of Bulgaria
Ivan Asen II
Byzantine Empire
This section contains 6 articles.
Justinian I
Heraclius
Basil II
Leo III the Isaurian
Manuel I Komnenos
Theodora (wife of Justinian I)
Hungary
This section contains 4 articles.
Stephen I of Hungary
Béla IV of Hungary
Louis I of Hungary
Matthias Corvinus
Poland and Lithuania
This section contains 6 articles.
Bolesław I the Brave
Casimir III the Great
Gediminas
Władysław II Jagiełło
Mieszko I
Vytautas
Russia
This section contains 7 articles.
Alexander Nevsky
Daniel of Galicia
Dmitry Donskoy
Ivan III of Russia
Vladimir the Great
Sviatoslav I
Yaroslav the Wise
Western Europe
This section contains 2 articles.
Cnut
Margaret I of Denmark
England and Scotland
This section contains 10 articles.
Æthelstan
Alfred the Great
Edward I of England
Edward III of England
Henry II of England
Henry V of England
John, King of England
Richard I of England
Robert the Bruce
William the Conqueror
France
This section contains 9 articles.
Clovis I
Charlemagne (Level 3 )
Charles Martel
Louis XI
Louis the Pious
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Philip II of France
Louis IX of France
Philip IV of France
Germany
This section contains 2 articles.
Charles the Fat
Henry the Lion
Holy Roman Empire
This section contains 6 articles.
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick Barbarossa
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Otto the Great
Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
Italy
This section contains 7 articles.
Cesare Borgia
Cosimo de' Medici
Lorenzo de' Medici
Robert Guiscard
Roger II of Sicily
Girolamo Savonarola
Theodoric the Great
Papal States
This section contains 5 articles.
Pope Alexander VI
Pope Boniface VIII
Pope Gregory VII
Pope Innocent III
Pope Urban II
Spain and Portugal
This section contains 6 articles.
Abd al-Rahman I
Abd al-Rahman III
Afonso I of Portugal
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Prince Henry the Navigator
Isabella I of Castile
Early modern
This section contains 108 articles.
Africa
This section contains 5 articles.
Ahmad al-Mansur
Askia Muhammad I
Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba
Zara Yaqob
Americas
This section contains 12 articles.
La Malinche
Moctezuma II
Tecumseh
Túpac Amaru
Túpac Amaru II
United States
This section contains 6 articles.
Benjamin Franklin
George Washington (Level 3 )
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
Alexander Hamilton
James Madison
Asia
This section contains 40 articles.
Central Asia, Iran, Caucasus
This section contains 6 articles.
Abbas the Great
Ahmad Shah Durrani
Babur
Humayun
Ismail I
Nader Shah
Eastern Asia
This section contains 2 articles.
Jeongjo of Joseon
Seonjo of Joseon
China
This section contains 6 articles.
Hong Taiji
Jiajing Emperor
Kangxi Emperor
Nurhaci
Qianlong Emperor
Wanli Emperor
Japan
This section contains 3 articles.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Oda Nobunaga
Southern Asia
This section contains 10 articles.
Akbar (Level 3 )
Aurangzeb
Robert Clive
Hyder Ali
Prithvi Narayan Shah
Shah Jahan
Sher Shah Suri
Tipu Sultan
Shivaji
Krishnadevaraya
Southeastern Asia
This section contains 5 articles.
Sultan Agung of Mataram
Rama I
Iskandar Muda
Naresuan
Quang Trung
Burma
This section contains 3 articles.
Alaungpaya
Bayinnaung
Tabinshwehti
Western Asia
This section contains 5 articles.
Mehmed IV
Roxelana
Selim I
Selim III
Suleiman the Magnificent (Level 3 )
Europe
This section contains 50 articles.
This section contains 1 article.
Bohdan Khmelnytsky
Poland and Lithuania
This section contains 4 articles.
Augustus II the Strong
John III Sobieski
Stephen Báthory
Sigismund III Vasa
Russia
This section contains 5 articles.
Ivan the Terrible
Alexis of Russia
Peter the Great
Elizabeth of Russia
Catherine the Great (Level 3 )
Western Europe
This section contains 3 articles.
Frederick the Great
Frederick William I of Prussia
William the Silent
England and Scotland
This section contains 13 articles.
Charles I of England
Elizabeth I (Level 3 )
George III
Henry VIII
James VI and I
Oliver Cromwell
Mary I of England
Mary, Queen of Scots
William III of England
William Blackstone
William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield
William Pitt the Younger
Robert Walpole
France
This section contains 17 articles.
Catherine de' Medici
Francis I of France
Henry IV of France
Louis XIV
Louis XV
Louis XVI
Marie Antoinette
Cardinal Mazarin
Napoleon (Level 3 )
Madame de Pompadour
Cardinal Richelieu
Holy Roman Empire, Austria
This section contains 6 articles.
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Maria Theresa
Northern Europe
This section contains 3 articles.
Charles XII of Sweden
Christina, Queen of Sweden
Gustavus Adolphus
Southern Europe
This section contains 4 articles.
Pope Julius II
Philip II of Spain
Philip V of Spain
Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal
Oceania
This section contains 1 article.
Kamehameha I
Modern
This section contains 189 articles.
Africa
This section contains 31 articles.
This section contains 9 articles.
Idi Amin
Haile Selassie
Kenneth Kaunda
Jomo Kenyatta
Julius Nyerere
Menelik II
Rainilaiarivony
Tewodros II
Yohannes IV
Northern Africa
This section contains 7 articles.
Muammar Gaddafi
Isma'il Pasha of Egypt
Muhammad Ahmad
Muhammad Ali of Egypt
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Emir Abdelkader
Anwar Sadat
Southern and Central Africa
This section contains 8 articles.
Hastings Banda
F. W. de Klerk
Patrice Lumumba
Nelson Mandela (Level 3 )
Mobutu Sese Seko
Robert Mugabe
Cecil Rhodes
Shaka
Western Africa
This section contains 7 articles.
Kofi Annan
Nnamdi Azikiwe
Kwame Nkrumah
Olusegun Obasanjo
Thomas Sankara
Léopold Sédar Senghor
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
Americas
This section contains 42 articles.
This section contains 8 articles.
Salvador Allende
Simón Bolívar (Level 3 )
Hugo Chávez
José de San Martín
Juan Perón
Augusto Pinochet
Antonio José de Sucre
Alfredo Stroessner
Brazil
This section contains 3 articles.
Pedro I of Brazil
Pedro II of Brazil
Getúlio Vargas
Central America and the Caribbean
This section contains 5 articles.
Fidel Castro
François Duvalier
Toussaint Louverture
Francisco Morazán
Rafael Trujillo
Mexico
This section contains 3 articles.
Porfirio Díaz
Benito Juárez
Antonio López de Santa Anna
United States
This section contains 21 articles.
George W. Bush
John C. Calhoun
Henry Clay
Dwight D. Eisenhower
J. Edgar Hoover
Andrew Jackson
Lyndon B. Johnson
John F. Kennedy
Abraham Lincoln (Level 3 )
John Marshall
Richard Nixon
Barack Obama
James K. Polk
Ronald Reagan
Eleanor Roosevelt
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt
Sitting Bull
Harry S. Truman
Donald Trump
Woodrow Wilson
Canada
This section contains 2 articles.
John A. Macdonald
Pierre Trudeau
Asia
This section contains 51 articles.
Central Asia, Iran, Caucasus
This section contains 5 articles.
Ruhollah Khomeini
Mohammad Mosaddegh
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Mohammad Zahir Shah
Eduard Shevardnadze
Eastern Asia
China
This section contains 9 articles.
Chiang Kai-shek
Soong Mei-ling
Empress Dowager Cixi
Deng Xiaoping
Jiang Qing
Mao Zedong (Level 3 )
Puyi
Xi Jinping
Zhou Enlai
Japan
This section contains 5 articles.
Hirohito
Emperor Meiji
Eisaku Satō
Hideki Tojo
Shinzo Abe
Korea
This section contains 3 articles.
Kim Il Sung
Park Chung Hee
Syngman Rhee
Southeastern Asia
This section contains 11 articles.
Corazon Aquino
Chulalongkorn
Ferdinand Marcos
Ho Chi Minh
Lee Kuan Yew
Mahathir Mohamad
Ne Win
Pol Pot
D. S. Senanayake
Suharto
Sukarno
Southern Asia
This section contains 3 articles.
Benazir Bhutto
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
India
This section contains 6 articles.
George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston
Indira Gandhi
Jawaharlal Nehru
Vallabhbhai Patel
Manmohan Singh
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Western Asia
This section contains 9 articles.
Abdul Hamid II
Yasser Arafat
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
David Ben-Gurion
Saddam Hussein
Ibn Saud
Mahmud II
Golda Meir
Talaat Pasha
Europe
This section contains 64 articles.
This section contains 5 articles.
Alexander Dubček
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Václav Havel
Franz Joseph I of Austria
Klemens von Metternich
Eastern Europe
This section contains 2 articles.
Józef Piłsudski
Lech Wałęsa
Southeastern Europe
This section contains 6 articles.
Ion Antonescu
Nicolae Ceaușescu
Enver Hoxha
Slobodan Milošević
Ante Pavelić
Josip Broz Tito
Russia and USSR
This section contains 12 articles.
Alexander I of Russia
Alexander II of Russia
Leonid Brezhnev
Mikhail Gorbachev
Nikita Khrushchev
Vladimir Lenin
Nicholas I of Russia
Nicholas II
Vladimir Putin
Joseph Stalin (Level 3 )
Leon Trotsky
Boris Yeltsin
Scandinavia
This section contains 4 articles.
Gro Harlem Brundtland
Charles XIV John
Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
Dag Hammarskjöld
Western Europe
This section contains 1 article.
Leopold II of Belgium
France
This section contains 6 articles.
Georges Clemenceau
Charles de Gaulle
François Mitterrand
Louis Philippe I
Napoleon III
Adolphe Thiers
Germany
This section contains 11 articles.
Konrad Adenauer
Otto von Bismarck
Willy Brandt
Joseph Goebbels
Adolf Hitler (Level 3 )
Heinrich Himmler
Erich Honecker
Helmut Kohl
Angela Merkel
William I, German Emperor
Wilhelm II
Iberia
This section contains 3 articles.
Francisco Franco
Juan Carlos I
António de Oliveira Salazar
Ireland
This section contains 3 articles.
Michael Collins (Irish leader)
Charles Stewart Parnell
Éamon de Valera
Italy
This section contains 2 articles.
Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
Benito Mussolini
United Kingdom
This section contains 9 articles.
Robert Peel
Queen Victoria
William Ewart Gladstone
Benjamin Disraeli
David Lloyd George
Winston Churchill
Clement Attlee
Elizabeth II
Margaret Thatcher
Oceania
This section contains 1 article.
John Curtin
Military leaders and theorists
This section contains 52 articles.
This section contains 9 articles.
Flavius Aetius
Hannibal
Leonidas I
Zhuge Liang
Mark Antony
Pompey
Scipio Africanus
Sulla
Sun Tzu
Post-classical
This section contains 10 articles.
Amr ibn al-As
El Cid
Godfrey of Bouillon
Joan of Arc (Level 3 )
John Hunyadi
Subutai
Trần Hưng Đạo
William Wallace
Jan Žižka
Khalid ibn al-Walid
Early modern
This section contains 12 articles.
Afonso de Albuquerque
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba
Hayreddin Barbarossa
John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
Hernán Cortés
Michiel de Ruyter
Francis Drake
Miyamoto Musashi
Prince Eugene of Savoy
Francisco Pizarro
Alexander Suvorov
Yi Sun-sin
Modern
This section contains 21 articles.
Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell
Carl von Clausewitz
Enver Pasha
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Hermann Göring
Ulysses S. Grant
Paul von Hindenburg
T. E. Lawrence
Robert E. Lee
Erich Ludendorff
Douglas MacArthur
Alfred Thayer Mahan
George C. Marshall
Helmuth von Moltke the Elder
Bernard Montgomery
Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson
Erwin Rommel
Võ Nguyên Giáp
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
Isoroku Yamamoto
Georgy Zhukov
Rebels, revolutionaries and activists
This section contains 53 articles.
This section contains 1 article.
Spartacus
Post-classical
This section contains 3 articles.
Abu Muslim
Babak Khorramdin
Huang Chao
Early modern
This section contains 8 articles.
Early modern: General
This section contains 5 articles.
Blackbeard
Bartolomé de las Casas
Thomas Müntzer
Yemelyan Pugachev
William Wilberforce
France
This section contains 3 articles.
Georges Danton
Jean-Paul Marat
Maximilien Robespierre
Modern
This section contains 41 articles.
Americas
This section contains 21 articles.
Marcus Garvey
Che Guevara
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
Louis Riel
Pancho Villa
Emiliano Zapata
United States
This section contains 15 articles.
Jane Addams
Susan B. Anthony
Frederick Douglass
Betty Friedan
Helen Keller
Martin Luther King Jr.
Malcolm X
Harvey Milk
John Muir
Rosa Parks
Margaret Sanger
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Sojourner Truth
Harriet Tubman
Booker T. Washington
Africa
This section contains 3 articles.
Steve Biko
Sayyid Qutb
Ken Saro-Wiwa
Asia
This section contains 12 articles.
B. R. Ambedkar
Aung San
Aung San Suu Kyi
Osama bin Laden
Subhas Chandra Bose
Diponegoro
Mahatma Gandhi (Level 3 )
Hong Xiuquan
José Rizal
Rani of Jhansi
Sun Yat-sen
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Europe
This section contains 5 articles.
Henry Dunant
Emma Goldman
Theodor Herzl
Rosa Luxemburg
Emmeline Pankhurst
Scientists, inventors and mathematicians
This section contains 255 articles.
This section contains 25 articles.
This section contains 13 articles.
Apollonius of Perga
Archimedes (Level 3 )
Diophantus
Eratosthenes
Euclid (Level 3 )
Galen
Hipparchus
Hypatia
Hippocrates (Level 3 )
Pliny the Elder
Ptolemy
Pythagoras
Zhang Heng
Post-classical history
This section contains 12 articles.
Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi
Al-Biruni
Ibn al-Haytham
Aryabhata
Avicenna (Level 3 )
Brahmagupta
Fibonacci
Jabir ibn Hayyan
Al-Khwarizmi (Level 3 )
Abu Bakr al-Razi
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
Shen Kuo (Level 3 )
Physics
This section contains 66 articles.
This section contains 5 articles.
William Gilbert (physicist)
Robert Hooke
Christiaan Huygens
Mikhail Lomonosov
Isaac Newton (Level 3 )
Modern
This section contains 51 articles.
Amedeo Avogadro
André-Marie Ampère
Henri Becquerel
Hans Bethe
Niels Bohr
Ludwig Boltzmann
Max Born
William Henry Bragg
Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot
Henry Cavendish
James Chadwick
Marie Curie (Level 3 )
Pierre Curie
John Dalton
Paul Dirac
Albert Einstein (Level 3 )
Michael Faraday (Level 3 )
Enrico Fermi
Richard Feynman
Léon Foucault
Augustin-Jean Fresnel
Murray Gell-Mann
Stephen Hawking
Werner Heisenberg
Hermann von Helmholtz
Heinrich Hertz
James Prescott Joule
Charles K. Kao
Gustav Kirchhoff
Ernest Lawrence
Tsung-Dao Lee
Hendrik Lorentz
Ernst Mach
James Clerk Maxwell (Level 3 )
Lise Meitner
Albert A. Michelson
Robert Andrews Millikan
Georg Ohm
J. Robert Oppenheimer
Hans Christian Ørsted
Wolfgang Pauli
Max Planck
C. V. Raman
Wilhelm Röntgen
Andrei Sakharov
Erwin Schrödinger
Edward Teller
J. J. Thomson
Lord Kelvin
Johannes Diderik van der Waals
Thomas Young (scientist)
Astronomy
This section contains 10 articles.
Tycho Brahe
Nicolaus Copernicus (Level 3 )
Galileo Galilei (Level 3 )
Edmond Halley
Caroline Herschel
William Herschel
Edwin Hubble
Johannes Kepler
Georges Lemaître
Carl Sagan
Chemistry
This section contains 23 articles.
Jöns Jacob Berzelius
Robert Boyle
Humphry Davy
Peter Debye
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
Josiah Willard Gibbs
Fritz Haber
Otto Hahn
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
Dorothy Hodgkin
Irving Langmuir
Antoine Lavoisier (Level 3 )
Gilbert N. Lewis
Justus von Liebig
Dmitri Mendeleev (Level 3 )
Linus Pauling
Joseph Priestley
Ernest Rutherford
Frederick Sanger
Harold Urey
Friedrich Wöhler
Robert Burns Woodward
Life sciences
This section contains 43 articles.
This section contains 29 articles.
Louis Agassiz
John James Audubon
Joseph Banks
Norman Borlaug
Rachel Carson
George Washington Carver
Edward Drinker Cope
Francis Crick
Georges Cuvier
Charles Darwin (Level 3 )
Rosalind Franklin
Jane Goodall
Stephen Jay Gould
Ernst Haeckel
W. D. Hamilton
Joseph Dalton Hooker
Thomas Henry Huxley
Alfred Kinsey
Hans Krebs (biochemist)
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Carl Linnaeus (Level 3 )
Konrad Lorenz
Barbara McClintock
Gregor Mendel
Santiago Ramón y Cajal
Alfred Russel Wallace
Eugenius Warming
James Watson
Medicine
This section contains 14 articles.
Claude Bernard
Alexander Fleming
Luigi Galvani
William Harvey
Edward Jenner
Robert Koch
Li Shizhen
Joseph Lister
Florence Nightingale (Level 3 )
Paracelsus
Louis Pasteur (Level 3 )
Jonas Salk
Ignaz Semmelweis
Andreas Vesalius
Physical geography
This section contains 5 articles.
James Hutton
Charles Lyell
Marie Tharp
Alfred Wegener
Inventors and engineers
This section contains 37 articles.
John Logie Baird
John Bardeen
Alexander Graham Bell
Carl Benz
Isambard Kingdom Brunel
Emile Berliner
Wernher von Braun
Cai Lun
Wallace Carothers
Louis Daguerre
Rudolf Diesel
Lee de Forest
George Eastman
Thomas Edison (Level 3 )
Gustave Eiffel
Philo Farnsworth
Robert Fulton
Robert H. Goddard
Johannes Gutenberg (Level 3 )
Jack Kilby
Sergei Korolev
Guglielmo Marconi
Cyrus McCormick
Montgolfier brothers
Samuel Morse
Nicéphore Niépce
Alfred Nobel
Charles Algernon Parsons
William Shockley
George Stephenson
Nikola Tesla (Level 3 )
Alessandro Volta
James Watt
Eli Whitney
Steve Wozniak
Wright brothers
Mathematicians
This section contains 45 articles.
This section contains 9 articles.
Jean le Rond d'Alembert
Daniel Bernoulli
Jacob Bernoulli
Johann Bernoulli
Gerolamo Cardano
Leonhard Euler (Level 3 )
Pierre de Fermat
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Blaise Pascal
Modern
This section contains 36 articles.
Niels Henrik Abel
Stefan Banach
George Boole
Georg Cantor
Augustin-Louis Cauchy
Arthur Cayley
Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet
Ronald Fisher
Joseph Fourier
Gottlob Frege
Évariste Galois
Francis Galton
Carl Friedrich Gauss (Level 3 )
Kurt Gödel (Level 3 )
Alexander Grothendieck
William Rowan Hamilton
Charles Hermite
David Hilbert
Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi
Andrey Kolmogorov
Joseph-Louis Lagrange
Pierre-Simon Laplace
Nikolai Lobachevsky
Benoit Mandelbrot
Gaspard Monge
John von Neumann
Emmy Noether (Level 3 )
Karl Pearson
Henri Poincaré
Siméon Denis Poisson
Srinivasa Ramanujan
Bernhard Riemann
Claude Shannon
Alfred Tarski
Karl Weierstrass
Hermann Weyl
Computer scientists
This section contains 11 articles.
Tim Berners-Lee
Edsger W. Dijkstra
Douglas Engelbart
Grace Hopper
Donald Knuth
Ada Lovelace
Dennis Ritchie
Linus Torvalds
Alan Turing (Level 3 )
Konrad Zuse
This section contains 95 articles.
Individual sports
This section contains 55 articles.
This section contains 14 articles.
Fanny Blankers-Koen
Usain Bolt
Sergey Bubka
Pierre de Coubertin
Hicham El Guerrouj
Haile Gebrselassie
Florence Griffith Joyner
Jackie Joyner-Kersee
Carl Lewis
Edwin Moses
Paavo Nurmi
Jesse Owens
Wilma Rudolph
Emil Zátopek
Auto racing
This section contains 4 articles.
Juan Manuel Fangio
Enzo Ferrari
Michael Schumacher
Ayrton Senna
Biathlon
This section contains 1 article.
Ole Einar Bjørndalen
Boxing
This section contains 3 articles.
Muhammad Ali
Joe Louis
Sugar Ray Robinson
Chess
This section contains 2 articles.
Bobby Fischer
Garry Kasparov
Climbing and mountaineering
This section contains 3 articles.
Edmund Hillary
Junko Tabei
Tenzing Norgay
Cycling
This section contains 1 article.
Eddy Merckx
This section contains 2 articles.
Yuzuru Hanyu
Sonja Henie
Golf
This section contains 3 articles.
Jack Nicklaus
Annika Sörenstam
Tiger Woods
Gymnastics
This section contains 2 articles.
Nadia Comăneci
Larisa Latynina
Martial arts
This section contains 2 articles.
Kanō Jigorō
Bruce Lee
Skiing
This section contains 2 articles.
Marit Bjørgen
Ingemar Stenmark
Speed skating
This section contains 2 articles.
Bonnie Blair
Eric Heiden
Swimming
This section contains 3 articles.
Michael Phelps
Mark Spitz
Johnny Weissmuller
Tennis
This section contains 8 articles.
Margaret Court
Roger Federer
Steffi Graf
Rod Laver
Suzanne Lenglen
Rafael Nadal
Martina Navratilova
Serena Williams
Wrestling
This section contains 1 article.
Aleksandr Karelin
Multiple sports
This section contains 2 articles.
Jim Thorpe
Babe Didrikson Zaharias
Team sports
This section contains 40 articles.
This section contains 3 articles.
Tom Brady
Jim Brown
Jerry Rice
This section contains 12 articles.
Franz Beckenbauer
Johan Cruyff
Alfredo Di Stéfano
Mia Hamm
Diego Maradona
Lionel Messi
Pelé
Ronaldo (Brazilian footballer)
Cristiano Ronaldo
Lev Yashin
Zinedine Zidane
Marta (footballer)
Baseball
This section contains 6 articles.
Hank Aaron
Ty Cobb
Willie Mays
Sadaharu Oh
Jackie Robinson
Babe Ruth
Basketball
This section contains 6 articles.
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar
Wilt Chamberlain
LeBron James
Magic Johnson
Michael Jordan
James Naismith
Rugby union
This section contains 2 articles.
Gareth Edwards
Jonah Lomu
Cricket
This section contains 6 articles.
Don Bradman
W. G. Grace
Viv Richards
Garfield Sobers
Sachin Tendulkar
Shane Warne
Field hockey
This section contains 2 articles.
Luciana Aymar
Dhyan Chand
Ice hockey
This section contains 2 articles.
Wayne Gretzky
Gordie Howe
Rowing
This section contains 1 article.
Steve Redgrave
R e t r i e v e d f r o m " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Vital_articles/Level/4/People&oldid=1233858757 "
L a s t e d i t e d o n 1 1 J u l y 2 0 2 4 , a t 0 8 : 0 4
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