(55565) 2002 AW197: Difference between revisions

{{Short description|Classical Kuiper belt object}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}

| minorplanet = yes

| name = {{mp|(55565) 2002 AW|197}}

| background = #C2E0FF

| image = 55565-2002aw197 hst.jpg

| image_scale =

| caption = [[Hubble Space Telescope]] image of {{mp|2002 AW|197}} taken in 2006

| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="MPEC2002-O30" />

| discoverer = [[Palomar Observatory|Palomar Obs.]] ({{small|team}})

| discovery_site = [[Palomar Observatory|Palomar Obs.]]

| discovered = 10 January 2002

| mpc_name = {{mp|2002 AW|197}}

| pronounced =

| named_after = <!--[[xafter]]<br />{{small|()}}<ref name="MPC-object" />-->

| mp_category = [[Trans-Neptunian object|TNO]]<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}[[cubewano]]<ref name="MPEC 2009-R09" /><br />[[List of possible dwarf planets|p-DP]]<ref name="Brown-dplist" />{{·}}[[Detached object|extended]]<ref name=Buie /><br />[[Distant minor planet|distant]]<ref name="MPC-object" />

| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />

| epoch = 31 May 2020 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2459000.5)

| uncertainty = 3

| observation_arc = 21.23 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (7,756 d)

| earliest_precovery_date = 29 December 1997

| aphelion = 53.161 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]

| perihelion = 40.922 AU

| time_periastron = ≈ 5 May 2078<ref name=perihelion>[http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=2002AW197 JPL Horizons] Observer Location: @sun (Perihelion occurs when deldot changes from negative to positive. Uncertainty in time of perihelion is [[3-sigma]].)</ref><br />±4 days

| semimajor = 47.042 AU

| eccentricity = 0.13009

| period = 322.65 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (117,848 [[Julian day|d]])

| mean_anomaly = 294.532[[Degree (angle)|°]]

| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.003055|sup=ms}} / day

| inclination = 24.451°

| asc_node = 297.606°

| arg_peri = 297.494°

| mean_diameter = {{val|768|39|u=km}}<ref name="Vilenius-2014" /><br />{{val|734|+116|u=km}}<ref name="Stansberry-2007" /><br />{{val|700|50|ul=km}}<ref name="Stansberry-2005" /><ref name="Cruikshank-2005" /><br />{{val|886}} km<ref name="Grundy-2005" />

| rotation = {{val|8.87|0.01|ul=h}}<ref name="TNOsCool9"/><br />{{val|8.78|0.05|u=h}}<ref name="Thirouin-2010" /><br />{{val|8.86|0.01|u=h}}<ref name="Ortiz-2006" />

| albedo = {{val|0.112|+0.012|-0.011}}<ref name="Vilenius-2014" />

| spectral_type = {{nowrap|IR<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Belskaya-2015" />{{·}}{{small|([[Trans-Neptunian object#Colors|moderately red]])}}}}<br />[[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] {{=}} {{val|0.920|0.020}}<ref name="Tegler-2016" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|V–R]] {{=}} {{val|0.560|0.020}}<ref name="Tegler-2016" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|V–I]] = {{val|1.170|0.010}}<ref name="Belskaya-2015" />

| magnitude = 20.0 {{small|([[Opposition (astronomy and astrology)|opposition]])}}<ref name="AstDys" /><ref name="Horizons" />

| abs_magnitude = {{val|3.568|0.046}} {{small|(V)}}<ref name="TNOsCool10"/><br />{{val|3.156|0.059}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Peixinho-2012" /><br />3.3 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="jpldata" />

}}

'''{{mp|(55565) 2002 AW|197}}''' ([[Minor planet provisional designation|provisional designation]] '''{{mp|2002 AW|197}}''') is a classical, non-resonant [[trans-Neptunian object]] from the [[Kuiper belt]] in the outermost region of the [[Solar System]], also known as a [[cubewano]]. With a likely diameter of at least {{convert|600|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=1|sp=us}}, it is approximately tied with {{mpl|2002 MS|4}} and {{mpl|2013 FY|27}} (to within measurement uncertainties) as the [[List of Solar System objects by size|largest unnamed object]] in the Solar System. It was discovered at [[Palomar Observatory]] in 2002.

Its [[rotation period]] is 8.8 hours and it is a [[Trans-Neptunian object#Colors|moderately red]] color.<ref name="lcdb" /> Tancredi notes that [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometric]] observations suggest that it is a [[spheroid]] with a high [[Astronomical albedo|albedo]] and small albedo spots.<ref name=SSDwarfs>Tancredi, G., & Favre, S. (2008) [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2008/pdf/8261.pdf ''Which are the dwarfs in the Solar System?'']. Depto. Astronomía, Fac. Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay; Observatorio Astronómico Los Molinos, MEC, Uruguay. Retrieved 10-08-2011</ref> However, its low albedo suggests it does not have planetary geology, as it should if it were a dwarf planet.

== Description ==

[[File:2002_AW197_orbit_2018.png|thumb|left|upright=1.1|{{mp|2002 AW|197}}'s orbit is outside that of [[Pluto]]'s, with a higher inclination and different orientation]]

=== Discovery ===

{{mp|2002 AW|197}} was discovered on 10 January 2002, by astronomers at the [[Palomar Observatory]] in California.<ref name="MPC-object" /> Astronomers involved in the discovery were [[Michael E. Brown|Michael Brown]], [[Chad Trujillo]], [[Eleanor Helin]], [[Michael Hicks (astronomer)|Michael Hicks]], [[Kenneth J. Lawrence|Kenneth Lawrence]] and [[Steven H. Pravdo]].<ref name="MPEC2002-O30" /> It is located near the [[Kuiper cliff]].

=== Orbit and classification ===

{{mp|2002 AW|197}} orbits the Sun at a distance of 40.9–53.2&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 322.6 years (over 117,800 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 47&nbsp;AU). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.13 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 24[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's [[observation arc]] begins with a [[precovery]] taken at Haleakala-NEAT/GEODSS {{Obscode|566}} in December 1997, more than 4 years prior to its official discovery observation at Palomar.<ref name="MPC-object" /> At 45.4&nbsp;AU from the Sun,<ref name="AstDys" /> it continues to slowly approach the Sun until its [[perihelion]] passage at 41.1&nbsp;AU in May 2078.<ref name="perihelion" />

=== Physical characteristics ===

[[File:2002AW197-Spitzer.jpg|left|thumb|upright|{{mp|2002 AW|197}} imaged by ''[[Spitzer Space Telescope|Spitzer]]'' on 13 April 2004]]

Combined observations of thermal emissions by the [[Herschel Space Observatory]] and [[Spitzer Space Telescope]] give a diameter of {{val|768|+39|-38|u=km}} and a geometric albedo of {{val|0.112|+.012|-.011}}.<ref name="Vilenius-2014" />

==== Surface ====

[[European Southern Observatory|ESO]] analysis of [[electromagnetic spectrum|spectra]] reveals a strong red slope and no presence of water ice<ref>{{Cite journal| title=Candidate Members and Age Estimate of the Family of Kuiper Belt Object {{mp|2003 EL|61}} | author=D. Ragozzine | author2=M. E. Brown | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=134 | issue=6 | pages=2160–2167 | date=2007 | doi=10.1086/522334 | bibcode=2007AJ....134.2160R | arxiv=0709.0328| s2cid=8387493 }}</ref> (in contrast to [[(50000) Quaoar|Quaoar]], also red) suggesting organic material (see comparison of [[Trans-Neptunian object#Colors|colours]] and typical composition inferred from [[Trans-Neptunian object#Spectra|spectra of the TNOs]]).

{{clear|left}}

== See also==

* [[174567 Varda]] – a similar TNO by orbit, size and color

*[[List of Solar System objects by size]]

== References ==

{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web

|type = 2019-03-25 last obs.

|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 55565 (2002 AW197)

|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2055565

|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]

|date = 13 July 2019

|access-date = 20 February 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web

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<ref name="MPEC2002-O30">{{cite web

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<ref name="MPEC 2009-R09">{{cite web

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<ref name=Buie>{{cite web

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|type=2009-03-23 using 112 observations

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<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web

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<ref name="Vilenius-2014">{{Cite journal

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<ref name="TNOsCool9">{{cite journal

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<ref name="TNOsCool10">{{cite journal

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}} <!-- end of reflist -->

== External links ==

{{Commons category}}

* Cruikshank, D., et al. ''High Albedo KBO (55565)2002 AW₁₉₇'', The Astronomical Journal Letters, 624,53 (May 2004). [http://www.boulder.swri.edu/ekonews/issues/past/n042/html/index.html Abstract]

* [http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S1743921310001717 Physical and dynamical characteristics of icy "dwarf planets" (plutoids)], G. Tancredi, IAU Symposium No. 263 (2009)

* [http://www.physics.nau.edu/~tegler/research/survey.htm Kuiper Belt Object Magnitudes and Surface Colors], Stephen C. Tegler, June 2018

* {{cite journal | last1 = Doressoundiram | first1 = A. | last2 = Barucci | first2 = M. A. | last3 = Tozzi | first3 = G. P. | last4 = Poulet | first4 = F. | last5 = Boehnhardt | first5 = H. | last6 = de Bergh | first6 = C. | last7 = Peixinho | first7 = N. | year = 2005 | title = Spectral characteristics and modeling of the trans-neptunian object (55565) 2002 AW197 and the Centaurs (55576) 2002 GB10 and (83982) 2002 GO9: ESO Large Program on TNOs and Centaurs | bibcode = 2005P&SS...53.1501D | journal = Planetary and Space Science | volume = 53 | issue = 14–15| pages = 1501–1509 | doi=10.1016/j.pss.2004.11.007}}

* {{AstDys|55565}}

* {{JPL small body}}

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{{Dwarf planets}}

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[[Category:Classical Kuiper belt objects]]

[[Category:Discoveries by the Palomar Observatory]]

[[Category:Possible dwarf planets]]

[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2002|20020110]]