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{{Short description|Classical Kuiper belt object}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}} |
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{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{mp|(55565) 2002 AW|197}}}} |
{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{mp|(55565) 2002 AW|197}}}} |
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{{Infobox planet |
{{Infobox planet |
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| minorplanet |
| minorplanet = yes |
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| |
| name = {{mp|(55565) 2002 AW|197}} |
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| |
| background = #C2E0FF |
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| image |
| image = 55565-2002aw197 hst.jpg |
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| |
| image_scale = |
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| caption |
| caption = [[Hubble Space Telescope]] image of {{mp|2002 AW|197}} taken in 2006 |
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| discovery_ref |
| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="MPEC2002-O30" /> |
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| discoverer = [[Palomar Observatory|Palomar Obs.]] ({{small|team}}) |
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| discoverer = [[Michael E. Brown]]<br>[[Chad Trujillo]]<br>[[Eleanor F. Helin]]<br>Michael Hicks<br>[[Kenneth J. Lawrence]]<br>Steven H. Pravdo |
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| discovery_site |
| discovery_site = [[Palomar Observatory|Palomar Obs.]] |
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| discovered |
| discovered = 10 January 2002 |
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| mpc_name |
| mpc_name = {{mp|2002 AW|197}} |
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| |
| pronounced = |
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| named_after = <!--[[xafter]]<br />{{small|()}}<ref name="MPC-object" />--> |
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| mp_category = [[Cubewano]] ([[Minor Planet Center|MPC]])<ref name="MPEC 2009-R09" /><br>[[Detached object|Extended]] ([[Deep Ecliptic Survey|DES]])<ref name=Buie /> |
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| mp_category = [[Trans-Neptunian object|TNO]]<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}[[cubewano]]<ref name="MPEC 2009-R09" /><br />[[List of possible dwarf planets|p-DP]]<ref name="Brown-dplist" />{{·}}[[Detached object|extended]]<ref name=Buie /><br />[[Distant minor planet|distant]]<ref name="MPC-object" /> |
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| epoch = 13 January 2016 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2457400.5) |
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| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> |
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| aphelion = {{Convert|53.771|AU|Tm|abbr=on|lk=on}} |
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| epoch = 31 May 2020 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2459000.5) |
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| perihelion = {{Convert|41.282|AU|Tm|abbr=on}} |
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| uncertainty = 3 |
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| semimajor = {{Convert|47.526|AU|Tm|abbr=on}} |
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| observation_arc = 21.23 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (7,756 d) |
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| eccentricity = 0.13139 |
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| earliest_precovery_date = 29 December 1997 |
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| period = 327.65 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (119674 [[Julian year (astronomy)|d]]) |
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| |
| aphelion = 53.161 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] |
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| |
| perihelion = 40.922 AU |
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| time_periastron = ≈ 5 May 2078<ref name=perihelion>[http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=2002AW197 JPL Horizons] Observer Location: @sun (Perihelion occurs when deldot changes from negative to positive. Uncertainty in time of perihelion is [[3-sigma]].)</ref><br />±4 days |
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| arg_peri = 293.300° |
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| |
| semimajor = 47.042 AU |
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| eccentricity = 0.13009 |
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| dimensions = {{val|768|+39|-38|u=km}} <ref name=TNOsCool8 /> |
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| period = 322.65 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (117,848 [[Julian day|d]]) |
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{{val|734|+116|-108|u=km}}<ref name="spitzer" /><br>{{val|700|50|u=km}}<ref name="spitzer2004" /> |
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| mean_anomaly = 294.532[[Degree (angle)|°]] |
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| mass = |
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| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.003055|sup=ms}} / day |
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| density = |
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| |
| inclination = 24.451° |
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| asc_node = 297.606° |
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| spectral_type = ([[Trans-Neptunian object#Colors|moderately red]])<br>{{small|<nowiki>B−V=0.91, V−R=0.56</nowiki>}}<ref name="vmag-colors" /> |
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| arg_peri = 297.494° |
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| magnitude = 20.0 ([[Opposition (astronomy and astrology)|opposition]])<ref name="AstDys" /><ref name="Horizons" /> |
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| mean_diameter = {{val|768|39|u=km}}<ref name="Vilenius-2014" /><br />{{val|734|+116|u=km}}<ref name="Stansberry-2007" /><br />{{val|700|50|ul=km}}<ref name="Stansberry-2005" /><ref name="Cruikshank-2005" /><br />{{val|886}} km<ref name="Grundy-2005" /> |
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| abs_magnitude = 3.5<ref name="jpldata" /> |
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| |
| rotation = {{val|8.87|0.01|ul=h}}<ref name="TNOsCool9"/><br />{{val|8.78|0.05|u=h}}<ref name="Thirouin-2010" /><br />{{val|8.86|0.01|u=h}}<ref name="Ortiz-2006" /> |
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| |
| albedo = {{val|0.112|+0.012|-0.011}}<ref name="Vilenius-2014" /> |
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| spectral_type = {{nowrap|IR<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Belskaya-2015" />{{·}}{{small|([[Trans-Neptunian object#Colors|moderately red]])}}}}<br />[[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] {{=}} {{val|0.920|0.020}}<ref name="Tegler-2016" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|V–R]] {{=}} {{val|0.560|0.020}}<ref name="Tegler-2016" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|V–I]] = {{val|1.170|0.010}}<ref name="Belskaya-2015" /> |
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| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" /> |
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| magnitude = 20.0 {{small|([[Opposition (astronomy and astrology)|opposition]])}}<ref name="AstDys" /><ref name="Horizons" /> |
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| rotation = {{Convert|8.86|h|d|abbr=on|lk=on}} |
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| abs_magnitude = {{val|3.568|0.046}} {{small|(V)}}<ref name="TNOsCool10"/><br />{{val|3.156|0.059}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Peixinho-2012" /><br />3.3 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="jpldata" /> |
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| observation_arc = 6647 days (18.20 yr) |
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| uncertainty = 3 |
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}} |
}} |
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'''{{mp|(55565) 2002 AW|197}}''' ([[Minor planet provisional designation|provisional designation]] '''{{mp|2002 AW|197}}''') is a classical, non-resonant [[trans-Neptunian object]] from the [[Kuiper belt]] in the outermost region of the [[Solar System]], also known as a [[cubewano]]. With a likely diameter of at least {{convert|600|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=1|sp=us}}, it is approximately tied with {{mpl|2002 MS|4}} and {{mpl|2013 FY|27}} (to within measurement uncertainties) as the [[List of Solar System objects by size|largest unnamed object]] in the Solar System. It was discovered at [[Palomar Observatory]] in 2002. |
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'''{{mp|(55565) 2002 AW|197}}''' is a [[classical Kuiper belt object]] (cubewano). Measurements with the [[Spitzer Space Telescope]] have confirmed {{mp|2002 AW|197}} as a [[List of possible dwarf planets|probable dwarf planet]], although it has not been officially classified as such by the IAU. Light-curve-amplitude analysis shows only small deviations, which suggests that {{mp|2002 AW|197}} is a spheroid with small albedo spots.<ref name=SSDwarfs>Tancredi, G., & Favre, S. (2008) [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2008/pdf/8261.pdf ''Which are the dwarfs in the Solar System?'']. Depto. Astronomía, Fac. Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay; Observatorio Astronómico Los Molinos, MEC, Uruguay. Retrieved 10-08-2011</ref> [[Gonzalo Tancredi|Tancredi]] (2010) accepts it as a dwarf planet.<ref name="Tancredi" /> Mike Brown's website lists it as a highly likely [[dwarf planet]].<ref name="Brown-dplist" /> |
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Its [[rotation period]] is 8.8 hours and it is a [[Trans-Neptunian object#Colors|moderately red]] color.<ref name="lcdb" /> Tancredi notes that [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometric]] observations suggest that it is a [[spheroid]] with a high [[Astronomical albedo|albedo]] and small albedo spots.<ref name=SSDwarfs>Tancredi, G., & Favre, S. (2008) [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2008/pdf/8261.pdf ''Which are the dwarfs in the Solar System?'']. Depto. Astronomía, Fac. Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay; Observatorio Astronómico Los Molinos, MEC, Uruguay. Retrieved 10-08-2011</ref> However, its low albedo suggests it does not have planetary geology, as it should if it were a dwarf planet. |
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It was discovered on January 10, 2002, by [[Michael E. Brown|Michael Brown]] et al.<ref name="MPEC2002-O30" /> It is located near the [[Kuiper cliff]]. |
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== |
== Description == |
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[[File: |
[[File:2002_AW197_orbit_2018.png|thumb|left|upright=1.1|{{mp|2002 AW|197}}'s orbit is outside that of [[Pluto]]'s, with a higher inclination and different orientation]] |
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=== Discovery === |
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Observations of thermal emissions by the [[Spitzer Space Telescope]] in 2007 give a diameter of {{val|734|+116|-108|u=km}}<ref name="spitzer" /> and an albedo of {{val|0.117|+.04|-.03}}.<ref name="spitzer" /> The newest estimate is {{val|768|+39|-38|u=km}}<ref name="TNOsCool8" /> |
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{{mp|2002 AW|197}} was discovered on 10 January 2002, by astronomers at the [[Palomar Observatory]] in California.<ref name="MPC-object" /> Astronomers involved in the discovery were [[Michael E. Brown|Michael Brown]], [[Chad Trujillo]], [[Eleanor Helin]], [[Michael Hicks (astronomer)|Michael Hicks]], [[Kenneth J. Lawrence|Kenneth Lawrence]] and [[Steven H. Pravdo]].<ref name="MPEC2002-O30" /> It is located near the [[Kuiper cliff]]. |
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=== Surface === |
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=== Orbit and classification === |
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[[European Southern Observatory|ESO]] analysis of [[electromagnetic spectrum|spectra]] reveals a strong red slope and no presence of water ice<ref>{{Cite journal| title=Candidate Members and Age Estimate of the Family of Kuiper Belt Object {{mp|2003 EL|61}} | author=D. Ragozzine | author2=M. E. Brown | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=134 | issue=6 | pages=2160–2167 | date=2007 | url=http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1538-3881/134/6/2160/205894.html | accessdate=2009-12-05 | doi=10.1086/522334 | bibcode=2007AJ....134.2160R | arxiv=0709.0328}}</ref> (in contrast to [[(50000) Quaoar|Quaoar]], also red) suggesting organic material (see comparison of [[Trans-Neptunian object#Colors|colours]] and typical composition inferred from [[Trans-Neptunian object#Spectra|spectra of the TNOs]]). |
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{{mp|2002 AW|197}} orbits the Sun at a distance of 40.9–53.2 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 322.6 years (over 117,800 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 47 AU). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.13 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 24[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's [[observation arc]] begins with a [[precovery]] taken at Haleakala-NEAT/GEODSS {{Obscode|566}} in December 1997, more than 4 years prior to its official discovery observation at Palomar.<ref name="MPC-object" /> At 45.4 AU from the Sun,<ref name="AstDys" /> it continues to slowly approach the Sun until its [[perihelion]] passage at 41.1 AU in May 2078.<ref name="perihelion" /> |
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=== Distance === |
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=== Physical characteristics === |
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{{As of|2013}}, it is currently 46.0 AU from the Sun.<ref name="AstDys" /> It will come to [[Apsis|perihelion]] around 2078.<ref name="jpldata" /> |
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[[File:2002AW197-Spitzer.jpg|left|thumb|upright|{{mp|2002 AW|197}} imaged by ''[[Spitzer Space Telescope|Spitzer]]'' on 13 April 2004]] |
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Combined observations of thermal emissions by the [[Herschel Space Observatory]] and [[Spitzer Space Telescope]] give a diameter of {{val|768|+39|-38|u=km}} and a geometric albedo of {{val|0.112|+.012|-.011}}.<ref name="Vilenius-2014" /> |
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==== Surface ==== |
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[[European Southern Observatory|ESO]] analysis of [[electromagnetic spectrum|spectra]] reveals a strong red slope and no presence of water ice<ref>{{Cite journal| title=Candidate Members and Age Estimate of the Family of Kuiper Belt Object {{mp|2003 EL|61}} | author=D. Ragozzine | author2=M. E. Brown | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=134 | issue=6 | pages=2160–2167 | date=2007 | doi=10.1086/522334 | bibcode=2007AJ....134.2160R | arxiv=0709.0328| s2cid=8387493 }}</ref> (in contrast to [[(50000) Quaoar|Quaoar]], also red) suggesting organic material (see comparison of [[Trans-Neptunian object#Colors|colours]] and typical composition inferred from [[Trans-Neptunian object#Spectra|spectra of the TNOs]]). |
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{{clear|left}} |
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== See also== |
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* [[174567 Varda]] – a similar TNO by orbit, size and color |
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*[[List of Solar System objects by size]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist |
{{reflist|30em|refs= |
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|30em |
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|refs= |
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<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |
<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |
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|type= |
|type = 2019-03-25 last obs. |
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|title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 55565 (2002 AW197) |
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 55565 (2002 AW197) |
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|url= |
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2055565 |
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|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] |
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|accessdate=6 April 2016}}</ref> |
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|date = 13 July 2019 |
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|access-date = 20 February 2020}}</ref> |
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<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |
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|title = 55565 (2002 AW197) |
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|work = [[Minor Planet Center]] |
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|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=55565 |
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|access-date = 9 March 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="MPEC2002-O30">{{cite web |
<ref name="MPEC2002-O30">{{cite web |
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Line 74: | Line 92: | ||
|work=IAU Minor Planet Center |publisher=Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics |
|work=IAU Minor Planet Center |publisher=Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics |
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|url=http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/mpec/K02/K02O30.html |
|url=http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/mpec/K02/K02O30.html |
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| |
|access-date=2010-01-06}}</ref> |
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<ref name="MPEC 2009-R09">{{cite web |
<ref name="MPEC 2009-R09">{{cite web |
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|title=MPEC 2009-R09 :Distant Minor Planets (2009 SEPT. 16.0 TT) |
|title=MPEC 2009-R09 :Distant Minor Planets (2009 SEPT. 16.0 TT) |
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|date=2009-09-04 |
|date=2009-09-04 |
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|publisher=IAU |
|publisher=IAU Minor Planet Center |
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|url=http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/mpec/K09/K09R09.html |
|url=http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/mpec/K09/K09R09.html |
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| |
|access-date=2009-10-04}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Buie>{{cite web |
<ref name=Buie>{{cite web |
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|publisher=SwRI (Space Science Department) |
|publisher=SwRI (Space Science Department) |
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|url=http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~buie/kbo/astrom/55565.html |
|url=http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~buie/kbo/astrom/55565.html |
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| |
|access-date=2009-10-04}}</ref> |
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<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web |
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<ref name=TNOsCool8>[http://arxiv.org/pdf/1403.6309v1.pdf TNOs are Cool: A survey of the trans-Neptunian region. X. Analysis of classical Kuiper belt objects from Herschel* and Spitzer observations] p. 18</ref> |
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|title = LCDB Data for (55565) |
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|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) |
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|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=55565%7C |
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|access-date = 9 March 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name=" |
<ref name="Vilenius-2014">{{Cite journal |
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|display-authors = 6 |
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|title=Physical Properties of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects: Constraints from Spitzer Space Telescope |
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|first1 = E. |last1 = Vilenius |
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|display-authors=6 |
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|first2 = C. |last2 = Kiss |
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|author=John Stansberry |
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|first3 = T. |last3 = Müller |
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|author2=Will Grundy |
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|first4 = M. |last4 = Mommert |
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|author3=Mike Brown |
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|first5 = P. |last5 = Santos-Sanz |
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|author4=Dale Cruikshank |
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|first6 = A. |last6 = Pál |
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|author5=John Spencer |
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|first7 = J. |last7 = Stansberry |
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|author6=David Trilling |
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|first8 = M. |last8 = Mueller |
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|author7=Jean-Luc Margot |
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|first9 = N. |last9 = Peixinho |
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|class=astro-ph |
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|first10 = E. |last10 = Lellouch |
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|eprint=astro-ph/0702538 |
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|first11 = S. |last11 = Fornasier |
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|date=2007}}</ref> |
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|first12 = A. |last12 = Delsanti |
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|first13 = A. |last13 = Thirouin |
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|first14 = J. L. |last14 = Ortiz |
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|first15 = R. |last15 = Duffard |
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|first16 = D. |last16 = Perna |
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|first17 = F. |last17 = Henry |
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|date = April 2014 |
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|title = "TNOs are Cool": A survey of the trans-Neptunian region. X. Analysis of classical Kuiper belt objects from Herschel and Spitzer observations |
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|journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics |
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|volume = 564 |
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|page = 18 |
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|bibcode = 2014A&A...564A..35V |
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|doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201322416 |
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|arxiv = 1403.6309v1 |
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|s2cid = 118513049 }}</ref> |
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<ref name=" |
<ref name="Stansberry-2007">{{Cite journal |
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|display-authors = 6 |
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|last=Cruikshank |first= Dale P. |
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|first1 = J. |last1 = Stansberry |
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|author2=Stansberry, John A. |
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|first2 = W. |last2 = Grundy |
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|author3=Emery, Joshua P. |
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|first3 = M. |last3 = Brown |
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|title=The High-Albedo Kuiper Belt Object (55565) 2002 AW197 |
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|first4 = D. |last4 = Cruikshank |
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|journal=The Astrophysical Journal |
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|first5 = J. |last5 = Spencer |
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|volume=624 |issue=1 |pages=L53–L56 |
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|first6 = D. |last6 = Trilling |
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|date=2005 |
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|first7 = J.-L. |last7 = Margot |
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|doi=10.1086/430420 |
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|date = December 2007 |
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|bibcode=2005ApJ...624L..53C |display-authors=etal}}</ref> |
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|title = Physical Properties of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects: Constraints from the Spitzer Space Telescope |
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|journal = The Solar System Beyond Neptune |
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|pages = 161–179 |
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|bibcode = 2008ssbn.book..161S |
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|arxiv = astro-ph/0702538 |
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}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Cruikshank-2005">{{Cite journal |
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|display-authors = 6 |
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|first1 = Dale P. |last1 = Cruikshank |
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|first2 = John A. |last2 = Stansberry |
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|first3 = Joshua P. |last3 = Emery |
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|first4 = Yanga R. |last4 = Fernández |
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|first5 = Michael W. |last5 = Werner |
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|first6 = David E. |last6 = Trilling |
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|first7 = George H. |last7 = Rieke |
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|date = May 2005 |
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|title = The High-Albedo Kuiper Belt Object (55565) 2002 AW197 |
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|journal = The Astrophysical Journal |
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|volume = 624 |
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|issue = 1 |
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|pages = L53–L56 |
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|bibcode = 2005ApJ...624L..53C |
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|doi = 10.1086/430420 |
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|doi-access= free |
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}}</ref> |
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<ref name="AstDys">{{cite web |
<ref name="AstDys">{{cite web |
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|title=AstDys (55565) 2002AW197 Ephemerides |
|title=AstDys (55565) 2002AW197 Ephemerides |
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|publisher=Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy |
|publisher=Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy |
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|url= |
|url=https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.0&n=2002AW197 |
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|access-date=2013-12-14}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Horizons">{{cite web |
<ref name="Horizons">{{cite web |
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|publisher=[[JPL Solar System Dynamics]] |
|publisher=[[JPL Solar System Dynamics]] |
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|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=2002AW197 |
|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=2002AW197 |
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| |
|access-date=2008-07-02}}</ref> |
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<ref name="vmag-colors">{{Cite web |
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|url=http://www.physics.nau.edu/~tegler/research/survey.htm |
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|title=Kuiper Belt Object Magnitudes and Surface Colors |
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|accessdate=2009-12-30 |
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|last=Tegler |first=Stephen C. |
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|date=2007-02-01}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Brown-dplist">{{cite web |
<ref name="Brown-dplist">{{cite web |
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|publisher = [[California Institute of Technology]] |
|publisher = [[California Institute of Technology]] |
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|author = Michael E. Brown |
|author = Michael E. Brown |
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|author-link= Michael E. Brown |
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|url = http://web.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dps.html |
|url = http://web.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dps.html |
||
| |
|access-date = 31 August 2016}}</ref> |
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<ref name=" |
<ref name="Stansberry-2005">{{Cite journal |
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|display-authors = 6 |
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|date=2010 |
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|first1 = J. A. |last1 = Stansberry |
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|title=Physical and dynamical characteristics of icy "dwarf planets" (plutoids) |
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|first2 = D. P. |last2 = Cruikshank |
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|journal=Icy Bodies of the Solar System: Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 263, 2009 |
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|first3 = W. G. |last3 = Grundy |
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|author=Tancredi, G. |
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|first4 = J. L. |last4 = Margot |
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|url=http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S1743921310001717}}</ref> |
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|first5 = J. P. |last5 = Emery |
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|first6 = Y. R. |last6 = Fernandez |
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|first7 = G. H. |last7 = Rieke |
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|date = August 2005 |
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|title = Albedos, Diameters (and a Density) of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects |
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|journal = American Astronomical Society |
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|volume = 37 |
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|bibcode = 2005DPS....37.5205S |
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}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Grundy-2005">{{Cite journal |
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}} <!-- end of reflist --> |
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|journal = Icarus |
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<ref name="Ortiz-2006">{{Cite journal |
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=== Further === |
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|first1 = J. L. |last1 = Ortiz |
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* Cruikshank, D., et al. ''High Albedo KBO (55565)2002 AW<sub>197</sub>'', The Astronomical Journal Letters, 624,53 (May 2004). [http://www.boulder.swri.edu/ekonews/issues/past/n042/html/index.html Abstract] |
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|date = March 2006 |
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|title = Short-term rotational variability of eight KBOs from Sierra Nevada Observatory |
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|journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics |
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|volume = 447 |
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|issue = 3 |
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|pages = 1131–1144 |
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|date = November 2007 |
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|title = U-Band Photometry of Kuiper Belt Objects |
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|date = January 2007 |
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|journal = The Astronomical Journal |
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}} <!-- end of reflist --> |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
||
{{Commons category |
{{Commons category}} |
||
* Cruikshank, D., et al. ''High Albedo KBO (55565)2002 AW<sub>197</sub>'', The Astronomical Journal Letters, 624,53 (May 2004). [http://www.boulder.swri.edu/ekonews/issues/past/n042/html/index.html Abstract] |
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* [http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.0&n=2002AW197 AstDys] orbital elements |
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* [http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S1743921310001717 Physical and dynamical characteristics of icy "dwarf planets" (plutoids)], G. Tancredi, IAU Symposium No. 263 (2009) |
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* {{JPL small body|id=55565}} |
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* [http://www.physics.nau.edu/~tegler/research/survey.htm Kuiper Belt Object Magnitudes and Surface Colors], Stephen C. Tegler, June 2018 |
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* {{cite journal | last1 = Doressoundiram | first1 = A. | last2 = Barucci | first2 = M. A. | last3 = Tozzi | first3 = G. P. | last4 = Poulet | first4 = F. | last5 = Boehnhardt | first5 = H. | last6 = de Bergh | first6 = C. | last7 = Peixinho | first7 = N. | year = 2005 | title = Spectral characteristics and modeling of the trans-neptunian object (55565) 2002 AW197 and the Centaurs (55576) 2002 GB10 and (83982) 2002 GO9: ESO Large Program on TNOs and Centaurs | bibcode = 2005P&SS...53.1501D | journal = Planetary and Space Science | volume = 53 | issue = 14–15| pages = 1501–1509 | doi=10.1016/j.pss.2004.11.007}} |
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* {{AstDys|55565}} |
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* {{JPL small body}} |
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{{Trans-Neptunian objects}} |
{{Trans-Neptunian objects}} |
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{{Minor planets navigator | |number=55565 |PageName={{mp|(55565) 2002 AW|197}} | }} |
{{Minor planets navigator | |number=55565 |PageName={{mp|(55565) 2002 AW|197}} | }} |
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{{Small Solar System bodies}} |
{{Small Solar System bodies}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:055565}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:055565}} |
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[[Category:Classical Kuiper belt objects]] |
[[Category:Classical Kuiper belt objects]] |
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[[Category:Numbered minor planets]] |
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[[Category:Discoveries by the Palomar Observatory]] |
[[Category:Discoveries by the Palomar Observatory]] |
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[[Category:Possible dwarf planets]] |
[[Category:Possible dwarf planets]] |
Discovery[1][2] | |
---|---|
Discovered by | Palomar Obs. (team) |
Discovery site | Palomar Obs. |
Discovery date | 10 January 2002 |
Designations | |
2002 AW197 | |
TNO[3] · cubewano[4] p-DP[5] · extended[6] distant[1] | |
Orbital characteristics[3] | |
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5) | |
Uncertainty parameter3 | |
Observation arc | 21.23 yr (7,756 d) |
Earliest precovery date | 29 December 1997 |
Aphelion | 53.161 AU |
Perihelion | 40.922 AU |
47.042 AU | |
Eccentricity | 0.13009 |
322.65 yr (117,848 d) | |
294.532° | |
0° 0m 10.998s / day | |
Inclination | 24.451° |
297.606° | |
≈ 5 May 2078[7] ±4 days | |
297.494° | |
Physical characteristics | |
768±39 km[8] 734±116 km[9] 700±50 km[10][11] 886km[12] | |
8.87±0.01 h[13] 8.78±0.05 h[14] 8.86±0.01 h[15] | |
0.112+0.012 −0.011[8] | |
IR[16][17] · (moderately red) B–V = 0.920±0.020[18] V–R = 0.560±0.020[18] V–I = 1.170±0.010[17] | |
20.0 (opposition)[19][20] | |
3.568±0.046 (V)[21] 3.156±0.059 (R)[22] 3.3 (assumed)[3] | |
(55565) 2002 AW197 (provisional designation 2002 AW197) is a classical, non-resonant trans-Neptunian object from the Kuiper belt in the outermost region of the Solar System, also known as a cubewano. With a likely diameter of at least 600 kilometers (400 miles), it is approximately tied with 2002 MS4 and 2013 FY27 (to within measurement uncertainties) as the largest unnamed object in the Solar System. It was discovered at Palomar Observatory in 2002.
Its rotation period is 8.8 hours and it is a moderately red color.[16] Tancredi notes that photometric observations suggest that it is a spheroid with a high albedo and small albedo spots.[23] However, its low albedo suggests it does not have planetary geology, as it should if it were a dwarf planet.
2002 AW197 was discovered on 10 January 2002, by astronomers at the Palomar Observatory in California.[1] Astronomers involved in the discovery were Michael Brown, Chad Trujillo, Eleanor Helin, Michael Hicks, Kenneth Lawrence and Steven H. Pravdo.[2] It is located near the Kuiper cliff.
2002 AW197 orbits the Sun at a distance of 40.9–53.2 AU once every 322.6 years (over 117,800 days; semi-major axis of 47 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 24° with respect to the ecliptic.[3] The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken at Haleakala-NEAT/GEODSS (566) in December 1997, more than 4 years prior to its official discovery observation at Palomar.[1] At 45.4 AU from the Sun,[19] it continues to slowly approach the Sun until its perihelion passage at 41.1 AU in May 2078.[7]
Combined observations of thermal emissions by the Herschel Space Observatory and Spitzer Space Telescope give a diameter of 768+39
−38 km and a geometric albedo of 0.112+0.012
−0.011.[8]
ESO analysis of spectra reveals a strong red slope and no presence of water ice[24] (in contrast to Quaoar, also red) suggesting organic material (see comparison of colours and typical composition inferred from spectra of the TNOs).
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TNO classes |
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Dwarf planets (moons) |
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Sednoids |
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