(55565) 2002 AW197: Difference between revisions

{{Short description|Classical Kuiper belt object}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}

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| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="MPEC2002-O30" />

| mpc_name = {{mp|2002 AW|197}}

| mp_category = [[Trans-Neptunian object|TNO]]<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}[[cubewano]]<ref name="MPEC 2009-R09" /><br />[[List of possible dwarf planets|p-DP]]<ref name="Brown-dplist" />{{·}}[[Detached object|extended]]<ref name=Buie /><br />[[Distant minor planet|distant]]<ref name="MPC-object" />

| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />

| time_periastron = ≈ 5 May 2078<ref name=perihelion>[http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=2002AW197 JPL Horizons] Observer Location: @sun (Perihelion occurs when deldot changes from negative to positive. Uncertainty in time of perihelion is [[3-sigma]].)</ref><br />±4 days

| spectral_type = {{nowrap|IR<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Belskaya-2015" />{{·}}{{small|([[Trans-Neptunian object#Colors|moderately red]])}}}}<br />[[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] {{=}} {{val|0.920|0.020}}<ref name="Tegler-2016" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|V–R]] {{=}} {{val|0.560|0.020}}<ref name="Tegler-2016" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|V–I]] = {{val|1.170|0.010}}<ref name="Belskaya-2015" />

'''{{mp|(55565) 2002 AW|197}}''' ([[Minor planet provisional designation|provisional designation]] '''{{mp|2002 AW|197}}''') is a classical, non-resonant [[trans-Neptunian object]] from the [[Kuiper belt]] in the outermost region of the [[Solar System]], also known asa [[cubewano]]. With a likely diameter of at least {{convert|600|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=1|sp=us}}, it is approximately tied with {{mpl|2002 MS|4}} and {{mpl|2013 FY|27}} (to within measurement uncertainties) as the [[List of Solar System objects by size|largest unnamed object]] in the Solar System. It was discovered at [[Palomar Observatory]] in 2002.

Its [[rotation period]] is 8.8 hours and it is a [[Trans-Neptunian object#Colors|moderately red]] color.<ref name="lcdb" /> Tancredi notes that [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometric]] observations suggest that it is a [[spheroid]] with a high [[Astronomical albedo|albedo]] and small albedo spots.<ref name=SSDwarfs>Tancredi, G., & Favre, S. (2008) [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2008/pdf/8261.pdf ''Which are the dwarfs in the Solar System?'']. Depto. Astronomía, Fac. Ciencias, Montevideo, Uruguay; Observatorio Astronómico Los Molinos, MEC, Uruguay. Retrieved 10-08-2011</ref> However, its low albedo suggests it does not have planetary geology, as it should if it were a dwarf planet.

[[File:2002_AW197_orbit_2018.png|thumb|left|upright=1.1|{{mp|2002 AW|197}}'s orbit is outside that of [[Pluto]]'s, with a higher inclination and different orientation]]

{{mp|2002 AW|197}} was discovered on 10 January 2002, by astronomers at the [[Palomar Observatory]] in California.<ref name="MPC-object" /> Astronomers involved in the discovery were [[Michael E. Brown|Michael Brown]], [[Chad Trujillo]], [[Eleanor Helin]], [[Michael Hicks (astronomer)|Michael Hicks]], [[Kenneth J. Lawrence|Kenneth Lawrence]] and [[Steven H. Pravdo]].<ref name="MPEC2002-O30" /> It is located near the [[Kuiper cliff]].

{{mp|2002 AW|197}} orbits the Sun at a distance of 40.9–53.2&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 322.6 years (over 117,800 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 47&nbsp;AU). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.13 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 24[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's [[observation arc]] begins with a [[precovery]] taken at Haleakala-NEAT/GEODSS {{Obscode|566}} in December 1997, more than 4 years prior to its official discovery observation at Palomar.<ref name="MPC-object" /> At 45.4&nbsp;AU from the Sun,<ref name="AstDys" /> it continues to slowly approach the Sun until its [[perihelion]] passage at 41.1&nbsp;AU in May 2078.<ref name="perihelion" />

Combined observations of thermal emissions by the [[Herschel Space Observatory]] and [[Spitzer Space Telescope]] give a diameter of {{val|768|+39|-38|u=km}} and a geometric albedo of {{val|0.112|+.012|-.011}}.<ref name="Vilenius-2014" />

[[European Southern Observatory|ESO]] analysis of [[electromagnetic spectrum|spectra]] reveals a strong red slope and no presence of water ice<ref>{{Cite journal| title=Candidate Members and Age Estimate of the Family of Kuiper Belt Object {{mp|2003 EL|61}} | author=D. Ragozzine | author2=M. E. Brown | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=134 | issue=6 | pages=2160–2167 | date=2007 | doi=10.1086/522334 | bibcode=2007AJ....134.2160R | arxiv=0709.0328| s2cid=8387493 }}</ref> (in contrast to [[(50000) Quaoar|Quaoar]], also red) suggesting organic material (see comparison of [[Trans-Neptunian object#Colors|colours]] and typical composition inferred from [[Trans-Neptunian object#Spectra|spectra of the TNOs]]).

* [[174567 Varda]] – a similar TNO by orbit, size and color

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* [http://www.physics.nau.edu/~tegler/research/survey.htm Kuiper Belt Object Magnitudes and Surface Colors], Stephen C. Tegler, June 2018

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