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{{Infobox planet |
{{Infobox planet |
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| minorplanet= yes |
| minorplanet = yes |
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| |
| name = 182 Elsa |
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| background= #D6D6D6 |
| background = #D6D6D6 |
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| image = 182Elsa (Lightcurve Inversion).png |
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| name= 182 Elsa |
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| image_size = 265 |
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| pronounced={{IPAc-en|'|ɛ|l|z|ə}} |
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| caption = A three-dimensional model of 182 Elsa based on its light curve. |
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| image= 182Elsa (Lightcurve Inversion).png |
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| discovery_ref =  <ref name="MPC-object" /> |
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| image_size = 265 |
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| discoverer = [[Johann Palisa|J. Palisa]] |
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| caption= A three-dimensional model of 182 Elsa based on its light curve. |
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| discovery_site = [[Austrian Naval Observatory|Austrian Naval Obs.]] |
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| discoverer= [[Johann Palisa|J. Palisa]] |
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| discovered= 7 February 1878 |
| discovered = 7 February 1878 |
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| mpc_name = (182) Elsa |
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| mp_category= [[Asteroid belt|Main belt]] |
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| alt_names = 1948 XS{{·}}1950 HY |
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| orbit_ref= <ref name="JPL"/> |
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| |
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|'|ɛ|l|z|ə}} |
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| named_after = uncertain; various suggestions <ref name="springer" /> |
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| perihelion= {{Convert|1.9681|AU|Gm|abbr=on}} |
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| mp_category = [[main-belt]] <ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|inner]])}}<br />[[Massalia family|Massalia]] <ref name="Ferret" />{{·}}[[Background asteroid|background]] <ref name="AstDys-object" /> |
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| aphelion= {{Convert|2.8641|AU|Gm|abbr=on|lk=on}} |
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| orbit_ref =  <ref name="jpldata" /> |
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| period= 3.76 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1371.7 [[Julian year (astronomy)|d]]) |
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| epoch = 23 March 2018 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458200.5) |
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| inclination= 2.0045° |
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| |
| uncertainty = 0 |
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| observation_arc = 114.27 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (41,736 d) |
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| rotation= {{Convert|80.088|h|d|abbr=on|lk=on}}<ref name="JPL"/><ref name="Pilcher2009"/> |
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| aphelion = 2.8663 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] |
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| spectral_type= [[S-type asteroid|S]]<ref name="icarus186_1_126"/> |
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| perihelion = 1.9690 AU |
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| abs_magnitude= 9.12 |
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| semimajor = 2.4176 AU |
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| albedo= {{val|0.2083|0.045}} |
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| eccentricity = 0.1856 |
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| epoch= 31 July 2016 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2457600.5) |
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| period = 3.76 yr (1,373 d) |
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| asc_node= 107.24° |
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| mean_anomaly = 177.38[[Degree (angle)|°]] |
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| arg_peri= 310.22° |
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| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2622|sup=ms}} / day |
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| mean_anomaly= 20.444[[Degree (angle)|°]] |
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| inclination = 2.0047° |
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| mean_motion= {{Deg2DMS|0.26244|sup=ms}} / day |
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| asc_node = 107.20° |
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| observation_arc= 111.99 yr (40906 d) |
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| arg_peri = 310.62° |
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| uncertainty= 0 |
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| mean_diameter = {{val|36|ul=km}}<ref name="Marchis-2006c" /><br />{{val|39.520|0.387|u=km}}<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|43.68|4.1|u=km}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|44.000|4.279|u=km}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|44|0.1|u=km}}<ref name="Magri-2007" /><br />{{val|45.15|0.62|u=km}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|45.72|7.82|u=km}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /> |
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| mean_radius= {{val|21.84|2.05}} [[Kilometre|km]] |
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| rotation = {{val|15.97|0.31|ul=h}}<ref name="Chang-2014a" /><br />{{val|80|2|u=h}}<ref name="Harris-1980b" /><br />{{val|80.088|0.002|u=h}}<ref name="Pilcher-2009e" /><br />{{val|80.166|0.001|u=h}}{{efn|name=lcdb-Durech-2011}}<br />{{val|80.166|u=h}}<ref name="Durech-2009" /><br />{{val|80.23|0.08|u=h}}<ref name="Gandolfi-2009" /> |
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| moid= {{Convert|0.979343|AU|Gm|abbr=on}} |
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| albedo = {{val|0.196|0.014}}<ref name="Masiero-2014" /><br />{{val|0.2083|0.045}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|0.209|0.007}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.21|0.08}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|0.2106|0.0603}}<ref name="WISE" /> |
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| jupiter_moid= {{Convert|2.48085|AU|Gm|abbr=on}} |
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| spectral_type = [[Tholen classification|Tholen]] {{=}} [[S-type asteroid|S]] <ref name="jpldata" /><br />[[SMASS classification|SMASS]] {{=}} [[S-type asteroid|S]] <ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}[[S-type asteroid|S]] <ref name="lcdb" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] {{=}} 0.862<ref name="jpldata" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|U–B]] {{=}} 0.425<ref name="jpldata" /> |
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| tisserand= 3.492 |
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| abs_magnitude = {{val|9.07|0.33}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Chang-2014a" /><br />9.12<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" /><br />9.14<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|9.26|0.09}}<ref name="Harris-1980b" /><br />{{val|9.3|0.1}}<ref name="Harris-1992" /> |
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}} |
}} |
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'''182 Elsa''' ({{IPAc-en|'|ɛ|l|z|ə}}) is a Massalia or background [[asteroid]] from the inner regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately {{convert|44|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 7 February 1878, by Austrian astronomer [[Johann Palisa]] at the [[Austrian Naval Observatory]] in today's Croatia.<ref name="MPC-object"/> The [[S-type asteroid]] has a very long [[rotation period]] of 80 hours and possibly an elongated shape.<ref name="lcdb" /> The origin of the name is uncertain.<ref name="springer" /> |
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'''182 Elsa''' is a [[Asteroid belt|Main belt]] [[asteroid]] that was discovered by [[Johann Palisa]] on February 7, 1878.<ref name="IAU_MPC"/> The origin of the name is uncertain; it may be named after the character in the legend of [[Lohengrin]] perpetuated by [[Richard Wagner]]'s [[Lohengrin (opera)|opera of the same name]]. Based upon its spectrum, it is classified as a stony [[S-type asteroid]]. |
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== Orbit and classification == |
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It [[rotate]]s very slowly; in 1980 its [[rotation period]] (or "day") was estimated to be about 3.3 Earth days. In 2008, a collaborative effort from three different sites was used to build a complete [[light curve]] for the asteroid, which showed a period of 80.088 ± 0.002 hours with a brightness variation of 0.30 ± 0.03 in [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]].<ref name="Pilcher2009"/> A possible [[natural satellite|companion]] has been proposed to explain the slow rotation. |
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''Elsa'' is a member of the [[Massalia family]] ({{small|[[FIN tbl#404|404]]}}),<ref name="Ferret" /> a very large inner belt [[asteroid family]] consisting of [[S-type asteroid|stony asteroids]].<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" /> In a different [[Hierarchical Clustering Method (asteroids)|HCM]]-study, however, it has been found to be a non-[[Asteroid family|family]] asteroid from the main belt's [[Background asteroid|background population]].<ref name="AstDys-object" /> |
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Elsa has very amplified lightcurve indicating an elongated or irregular body. It was one of five minor planets included in the 1993 study, [[Transition Comets -- UV Search for OH Emissions in Asteroids]], which was research involving amateur astronomers who were permitted to make use of the Hubble Space Telescope. |
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It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|inner]] main-belt at a distance of 2.0–2.9 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 3 years and 9 months (1,373 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 2.42 AU). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.19 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 2[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> |
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During 2002, 182 Elsa was observed by radar from the [[Arecibo Observatory]]. The return signal matched an effective diameter of 44 ± 10 km. This is consistent with the asteroid dimensions computed through other means.<ref name="icarus186_1_126"/> |
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== Physical characteristics == |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist|refs= |
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''Elsa'' has been characterized as a common, stony [[S-type asteroid]] in both the [[Tholen classification|Tholen]] and [[SMASS classification]].<ref name="jpldata" /> |
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<ref name="IAU_MPC">{{Citation |
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| title = Numbered Minor Planets 1–5000 |
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| work = Discovery Circumstances |
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| publisher = IAU Minor Planet center |
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| url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html |
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| accessdate= 2013-04-07 |
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| postscript= .}}</ref> |
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=== Rotation period === |
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<ref name="JPL">{{Citation |
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| first1 = Donald K. |
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| last1 = Yeomans |
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| title = 182 Elsa |
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| work = JPL Small-Body Database Browser |
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| publisher = [[NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] |
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| url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=182 |
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| accessdate= 6 May 2016 |
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| postscript= .}}</ref> |
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It is a relatively [[List of slow rotators (minor planets)|slow rotator]]; in 1980 its [[rotation period]] (or "day") was estimated to be about 3.3 Earth days. In 2008, a collaborative effort from three different sites was used to build a complete [[light curve]] for the asteroid, which showed a period of 80.088 ± 0.002 hours with a brightness variation of 0.30 ± 0.03 in [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]].<ref name="Pilcher-2009e" /> A possible [[natural satellite|companion]] has been proposed to explain the slow rotation. |
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<ref name="Pilcher2009">{{Citation |
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| last1 = Pilcher |
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| first1 = Frederick |
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| last2 = Benishek |
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| first2 = Vladimir |
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| last3 = Krajewski |
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| first3 = Richard |
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| display-authors = 1 |
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| title = Period Determination for 182 Elsa: A Collaboration Triumph |
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| work = The Minor Planet Bulletin |
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| volume = 36 |
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| issue = 2 |
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| pages = 57–60 40 |
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|date=April 2009 |
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| bibcode = 2009MPBu...36...40P |
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| postscript= .}}</ref> |
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Elsa has very amplified lightcurve indicating an elongated or irregular body. It was one of five minor planets included in the 1993 study, [[Transition Comets -- UV Search for OH Emissions in Asteroids]], which was research involving amateur astronomers who were permitted to make use of the Hubble Space Telescope. |
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<ref name="icarus186_1_126">{{citation |
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| last1=Magri |
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=== Diameter and albedo === |
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| first1=Christopher |
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| last2=Nolan |
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According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite [[IRAS]], the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari satellite]] and the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], ''Elsa'' measures between 36 and 45.72 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] between 0.196 and 0.2106.<ref name="Marchis-2006c" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" /> |
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| first2=Michael C. |
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| last3=Ostro |
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During 2002, ''Elsa'' was also observed by radar from the [[Arecibo Observatory]]. The return signal matched an effective diameter of 44 ± 10 km.<ref name="Magri-2007" /> |
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| first3=Steven J. |
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| last4=Giorgini |
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== Naming == |
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| first4=Jon D. |
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| display-authors=1 |
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The origin of this [[minor planet]]'s name is uncertain.<ref name="springer" /> Originally, the asteroid was named "Elsbeth" – the Austrian variant of "Elisabeth" – and only later changed into a more lyrical "Elsa" with the consent of the discoverer, [[Johann Palisa]].<ref name="springer" /> It may be named after the character in the legend of [[Lohengrin]] perpetuated by [[Richard Wagner]]'s [[Lohengrin (opera)|opera of the same name]].{{citation needed|date=May 2018}} It may also refer to the [[Empress Elisabeth of Austria]] (1854–1898), or to a relative of Admiral Bourgignon, who requested the naming, as he was the military superior of the discoverer at the Naval Observatory at Pola. Finally, the name "Elsbeth" just might have been chosen generically as it is one of the most common feminine Christian names.<ref name="springer" /> |
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| title=A radar survey of main-belt asteroids: Arecibo observations of 55 objects during 1999–2003 |
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| journal=Icarus |
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== Notes == |
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| volume=186 |
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{{notelist|refs= |
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| issue=1 |
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| pages=126–151 |
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{{efn|name=lcdb-Durech-2011|1=See summary figures for (182) Elsa at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=182%7CElsa LCDB].}} |
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|date=January 2007 |
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| doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.018 |
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}} <!-- end of notelist --> |
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| bibcode=2007Icar..186..126M}}</ref> |
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== References == |
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{{reflist|30em|refs= |
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<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |
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|type = 2018-04-21 last obs. |
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|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 182 Elsa |
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|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2000182 |
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|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] |
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|accessdate = 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="springer">{{cite book |
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|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (182) Elsa |
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|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D. |
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|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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|page = 31 |
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|date = 2007 |
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|url = https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_183 |
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|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 |
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|accessdate = 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web |
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|title = 182 Elsa |
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|work = Minor Planet Center |
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|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=182 |
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|accessdate = 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Magri-2007">{{Cite journal |
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|first1 = Christopher |last1 = Magri |
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|first2 = Michael C. |last2 = Nolan |
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|first3 = Steven J. |last3 = Ostro |
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|first4 = Jon D. |last4 = Giorgini |
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|date = January 2007 |
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|title = A radar survey of main-belt asteroids: Arecibo observations of 55 objects during 1999 2003 |
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|url = https://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/MBAs/magri.etal.2007.mbas.pdf |
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|journal = Icarus |
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|volume = 186 |
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|issue = 1 |
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|pages = 126–151 |
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|bibcode = 2007Icar..186..126M |
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|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.018 |
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|access-date= 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web |
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|title = Asteroid 182 Elsa |
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|work = Small Bodies Data Ferret |
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|url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=182+Elsa |
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|accessdate = 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite journal |
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|first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný |
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|first2 = M. |last2 = Broz |
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|first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba |
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|date = December 2014 |
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|title = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families |
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|url = https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.01628.pdf |
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|journal = Asteroids IV |
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|pages = 297–321 |
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|bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N |
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|doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016 |
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|arxiv = 1502.01628 |
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|access-date= 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="AstDys-object">{{cite web |
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|title = Asteroid (182) Elsa |
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|publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site |
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|url = http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/astdys/index.php?n=182&pc=1.1.6 |
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|accessdate = 25 May 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal |
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|display-authors = 6 |
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|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero |
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|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |
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|first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer |
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|first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent |
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|first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer |
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|first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson |
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|first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett |
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|date = August 2014 |
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|title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos |
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|url = https://arxiv.org/pdf/1406.6645.pdf |
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|journal = The Astrophysical Journal |
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|volume = 791 |
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|issue = 2 |
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|page = 11 |
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|bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M |
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|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 |
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|arxiv = 1406.6645 |
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|access-date= 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web |
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|title = LCDB Data for (182) Elsa |
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|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB) |
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|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=182%7CElsa |
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|accessdate = 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal |
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|first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco |
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|first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah |
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|first3 = M. |last3 = Noah |
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|first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price |
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|date = October 2004 |
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|title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 |
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|url = https://sbn.psi.edu/pds/asteroid/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab |
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|journal = NASA Planetary Data System |
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|bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T |
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|access-date= 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Marchis-2006c">{{Cite journal |
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|display-authors = 6 |
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|first1 = F. |last1 = Marchis |
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|first2 = M. |last2 = Kaasalainen |
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|first3 = E. F. Y. |last3 = Hom |
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|first4 = J. |last4 = Berthier |
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|first5 = J. |last5 = Enriquez |
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|first6 = D. |last6 = Hestroffer |
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|first7 = D. |last7 = Le Mignant |
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|first8 = I. |last8 = de Pater |
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|date = November 2006 |
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|title = Shape, size and multiplicity of main-belt asteroids. I. Keck Adaptive Optics survey |
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|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2006Icar..185...39M |
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|journal = Icarus |
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|volume = 185 |
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|issue = 1 |
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|pages = 39–63 |
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|bibcode = 2006Icar..185...39M |
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|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.001 |
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|access-date= 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal |
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|display-authors = 6 |
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|first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent |
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|first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer |
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|first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer |
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|first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri |
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|first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer |
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|first6 = T. |last6 = Grav |
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|first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero |
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|first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett |
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|first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright |
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|date = September 2016 |
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|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos |
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|url = https://arxiv.org/pdf/1606.08923.pdf |
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|journal = The Astronomical Journal |
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|volume = 152 |
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|issue = 3 |
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|page = 12 |
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|bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N |
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|doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 |
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|arxiv = 1606.08923 |
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|access-date= 29 May 2018}}</ref> |
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<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal |
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|display-authors = 6 |
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|first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui |
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|first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda |
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|first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller |
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|first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa |
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|first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro |
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|first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo |
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|first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara |
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|first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza |
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|first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita |
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|first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu |
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|first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno |
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|first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara |
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|first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka |
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|date = October 2011 |
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|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey |
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|url = http://pasj.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/5/1117.full.pdf+html |
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|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |
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|volume = 63 |
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|issue = 5 |
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|pages = 1117–1138 |
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|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U |
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|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 |
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|access-date= 29 May 2018}} [http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117 Online catalog]</ref> |
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<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal |
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|display-authors = 6 |
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|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer |
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|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav |
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|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero |
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|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand |
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|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer |
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|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen |
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|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan |
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|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr |
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|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri |
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|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright |
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|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins |
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|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo |
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|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski |
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|date = November 2011 |
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}} <!-- end of reflist --> |
}} <!-- end of reflist --> |
||
==External links== |
== External links == |
||
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info]) |
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books |
|||
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend |
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* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center |
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* {{AstDys|182}} |
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* {{JPL small body}} |
* {{JPL small body}} |
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{{Minor planets navigator|181 Eucharis|number=182|183 Istria}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}} |
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{{Minor planets navigator |181 Eucharis |number=182 |183 Istria}} |
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{{Small Solar System bodies}} |
{{Small Solar System bodies}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT: |
{{DEFAULTSORT:}} |
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[[Category:Massalia asteroids]] |
[[Category:Massalia asteroids|000182]] |
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[[Category:Numbered minor planets]] |
[[Category:Numbered minor planets|000182]] |
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[[Category:Discoveries by Johann Palisa |
[[Category:Discoveries by Johann Palisa]] |
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[[Category:Minor planets named from literature |
[[Category:Minor planets named from literature]] |
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[[Category:Named minor planets |
[[Category:Named minor planets]] |
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[[Category:S-type asteroids (Tholen)]] |
[[Category:S-type asteroids (Tholen)|000182]] |
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[[Category:S-type asteroids (SMASS)]] |
[[Category:S-type asteroids (SMASS)|000182]] |
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[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1878|18780207]] |
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1878|18780207]] |
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{{S-beltasteroid-stub}} |
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A three-dimensional model of 182 Elsa based on its light curve.
| |
| Discovery [1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | J. Palisa |
| Discovery site | Austrian Naval Obs. |
| Discovery date | 7 February 1878 |
| Designations | |
| (182) Elsa | |
| Pronunciation | /ˈɛlzə/ |
Named after | uncertain; various suggestions [2] |
| 1948 XS · 1950 HY | |
| main-belt [1][3] · (inner) Massalia [4] · background [5] | |
| Orbital characteristics [3] | |
| Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 114.27 yr (41,736 d) |
| Aphelion | 2.8663 AU |
| Perihelion | 1.9690 AU |
| 2.4176 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0.1856 |
| 3.76 yr (1,373 d) | |
| 177.38° | |
| 0° 15m 43.92s / day | |
| Inclination | 2.0047° |
| 107.20° | |
| 310.62° | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| 36 km[6] 39.520±0.387 km[7] 43.68±4.1 km[8] 44.000±4.279 km[9] 44±0.1 km[10] 45.15±0.62 km[11] 45.72±7.82 km[12] | |
| 15.97±0.31 h[13] 80±2 h[14] 80.088±0.002 h[15] 80.166±0.001 h[a] 80.166 h[16] 80.23±0.08 h[17] | |
| 0.196±0.014[7] 0.2083±0.045[8] 0.209±0.007[11] 0.21±0.08[12] 0.2106±0.0603[9] | |
| Tholen = S [3] SMASS = S [3] · S [18] B–V = 0.862[3] U–B = 0.425[3] | |
| 9.07±0.33 (R)[13] 9.12[3][18][8][9][11] 9.14[12] 9.26±0.09[14] 9.3±0.1[19] | |
182 Elsa (/ˈɛlzə/) is a Massalia or background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 44 kilometers (27 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 7 February 1878, by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Austrian Naval Observatory in today's Croatia.[1] The S-type asteroid has a very long rotation period of 80 hours and possibly an elongated shape.[18] The origin of the name is uncertain.[2]
Elsa is a member of the Massalia family (404),[4] a very large inner belt asteroid family consisting of stony asteroids.[20] In a different HCM-study, however, it has been found to be a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.[5]
It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.0–2.9 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,373 days; semi-major axis of 2.42 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic.[3]
Elsa has been characterized as a common, stony S-type asteroid in both the Tholen and SMASS classification.[3]
It is a relatively slow rotator; in 1980 its rotation period (or "day") was estimated to be about 3.3 Earth days. In 2008, a collaborative effort from three different sites was used to build a complete light curve for the asteroid, which showed a period of 80.088 ± 0.002 hours with a brightness variation of 0.30 ± 0.03 in magnitude.[15] A possible companion has been proposed to explain the slow rotation.
Elsa has very amplified lightcurve indicating an elongated or irregular body. It was one of five minor planets included in the 1993 study, Transition Comets -- UV Search for OH Emissions in Asteroids, which was research involving amateur astronomers who were permitted to make use of the Hubble Space Telescope.
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Elsa measures between 36 and 45.72 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.196 and 0.2106.[6][7][8][9][11][12]
During 2002, Elsa was also observed by radar from the Arecibo Observatory. The return signal matched an effective diameter of 44 ± 10 km.[10]
The origin of this minor planet's name is uncertain.[2] Originally, the asteroid was named "Elsbeth" – the Austrian variant of "Elisabeth" – and only later changed into a more lyrical "Elsa" with the consent of the discoverer, Johann Palisa.[2] It may be named after the character in the legend of Lohengrin perpetuated by Richard Wagner's opera of the same name.[citation needed] It may also refer to the Empress Elisabeth of Austria (1854–1898), or to a relative of Admiral Bourgignon, who requested the naming, as he was the military superior of the discoverer at the Naval Observatory at Pola. Finally, the name "Elsbeth" just might have been chosen generically as it is one of the most common feminine Christian names.[2]
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
