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{{Short description|1972 aviation accident in Turkey}} |
{{Short description|1972 aviation accident in Turkey}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}} |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox aircraft occurrence |
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|Date = 21 January 1972 |
|Date = 21 January 1972 |
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|Type = [[Controlled flight into terrain]] |
|Type = [[Controlled flight into terrain]] |
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|image = McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32, TC-JAC, Turkish Airlines (cropped).jpg |
|image = McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32, TC-JAC, Turkish Airlines (cropped).jpg |
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|caption = TC-JAC, the aircraft involved in the accident, photographed in 1970 |
|caption = TC-JAC, the aircraft involved in the accident, photographed in 1970 |
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|Site = Near [[Adana Airport]], Turkey |
|Site = Near [[Adana Şakirpaşa Airport|Adana Airport]], Turkey |
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|Coordinates = |
|Coordinates = |
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|aircraft_type = [[Douglas DC-9-32]] |
|aircraft_type = [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9#Series 30|McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32]] |
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|tail_number = TC-JAC |
|tail_number = TC-JAC |
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|Ship name = ''[[Marmara Region|Marmara]]'' |
|Ship name = ''[[Marmara Region|Marmara]]'' |
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|Operator = [[Turkish Airlines]] |
|Operator = [[Turkish Airlines]] |
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|Origin = [[Kandara Airport]] |
|Origin = [[Jeddah#Kandara Airport|Kandara Airport]] |
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|Stopover = [[Mezzeh Military Airport|Damascus Airport]] |
|Stopover = [[Mezzeh Military Airport|Damascus Airport]] |
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|Destination = [[Ankara Esenboğa Airport]] (ESB/LTAC) |
|Destination = [[Ankara Esenboğa Airport]] (ESB/LTAC) |
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|Fatalities = 1 |
|Fatalities = 1 |
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|Injuries = 3 |
|Injuries = 3 |
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|Survivors = |
|Survivors = 4 |
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| |
|Occupants = 5 |
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|Crew = 5 |
|Crew = 5 |
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}} |
}} |
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On 21 January 1972, a [[Douglas DC-9-32]] registered as TC-JAC operated by [[Turkish Airlines]] crashed on approach while trying to make an emergency landing at [[Adana Airport]]. The aircraft was en-route from [[Kandara Airport]] in Jeddah to [[Ankara Esenboğa Airport]] with a stopover at [[Mezzeh Military Airport|Damascus Airport]] with only five crew members on board after carrying passengers to [[Hajj]] the day before. |
On 21 January 1972, a [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9#Series 30|McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32]] registered as TC-JAC operated by [[Turkish Airlines]] crashed on approach while trying to make an emergency landing at [[Adana Şakirpaşa Airport|Adana Airport]]. The aircraft was en-route from [[Jeddah#Kandara Airport|Kandara Airport]] in [[Jeddah]], Saudi Arabia, to [[Ankara Esenboğa Airport]] with a stopover at [[Mezzeh Military Airport|Damascus Airport]] with only five crew members on board after carrying passengers to [[Hajj]] the day before. |
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After taking off from Damascus for the second leg of the flight, the plane had a [[cabin pressurization]] problem and attempted to divert to Adana. The aircraft had a go-around in its first landing attempt due to poor visibility and crashed in a field {{convert|6|km|mi}} away from the airport |
After taking off from Damascus for the second leg of the flight, the plane had a [[cabin pressurization]] problem and attempted to divert to Adana. The aircraft had a [[go-around]] in its first landing attempt due to poor visibility. During the second attempt, the plane flew too low and crashed in a field {{convert|6|km|mi}} away from the airport, and subsequently caught fire. One of the five crew members died in the flames, while three others were injured. |
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== Aircraft and crew == |
== Aircraft and crew == |
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The aircraft was a [[Douglas DC-9-32]] with serial number 47213/358, registered as TC-JAC and named ''[[Marmara Region|Marmara]] |
The aircraft was a [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9#Series 30|McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32]] with serial number 47213/358, registered as TC-JAC and named ''Marmara'' after the region of [[Marmara Region|Marmara]]; its first flight was in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19720121-0|title=TC-JAC {{!}} ASN accident description|access-date=26 August 2022|website=[[Aviation Safety Network]]|archive-date=1 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701134048/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19720121-0|url-status=live}}</ref> Two days prior to the crash, on 19 January, the plane carried the [[List of prime ministers of Turkey|13th Prime Minister of Turkey]] [[Nihat Erim]] and a delegation from [[Ankara]] to France, and was due to bring them back later on the accident day. Before the prime minister boarded the McDonnell Douglas DC-9, it underwent an "extensive technical control" and its interior was searched for explosives with detectors.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|date=22 January 1972|url=https://gazetearsivi.milliyet.com.tr/liste?tarih=1972.01.22|title=Bir Uçak Adana'da Düştü|language=Turkish|trans-title=A Plane Crashed in Adana|pages=1|work=[[Milliyet]]|url-access=registration}}</ref> |
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On board the |
On board the flight deck were captain Mahzar İpek, aged 46, and co-pilot Celâlettin Yeprem, aged 51. Both had been flying with the airline for 15 years, after leaving the [[Turkish Air Force]] in 1957.<ref name="Milliyet8">{{Cite news|date=22 January 1972|url=https://gazetearsivi.milliyet.com.tr/liste?tarih=1972.01.22|title=Bir Uçak Adana'da Düştü|language=Turkish|trans-title=A Plane Crashed in Adana|pages=8|work=[[Milliyet]]|url-access=registration}}</ref> There were three cabin crew members: Nilgün Dener, Selva Aksöyek and Hülya Maviler. Maviler had also been a crew member on a [[Turkish Airlines]] flight that was hijacked to [[Sofia]] in September 1969.<ref name="auto1"/> |
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== Accident == |
== Accident == |
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[[File:TC-JAC wreckage.jpg|thumb|200px|right|The wreckage after the accident]] |
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The aircraft was returning without passengers from |
The aircraft was returning without passengers from Jeddah after carrying people to [[Hajj]].<ref name="auto1"/> The aircraft took off from [[Damascus]] and headed for Ankara. The pilots reported to controllers that they were having problems with [[cabin pressurization]] and diverted to [[Adana Şakirpaşa Airport|Adana Airport]] for an emergency landing. It was snowing at the time of the accident, a condition which was rare for [[Adana]].{{Sfn|Gök|2018|p=72}} Due to the poor visibility, the pilots initiated a [[go-around]] after failing to see the runway. During the second approach, the aircraft was too low on altitude and struck the ground at 4:24 local time, {{convert|6|km|mi}} away from the airport.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.baaa-acro.com/crash/crash-douglas-dc-9-32-adana-1-killed|title=Crash of a Douglas DC-9-32 in Adana: 1 Killed|access-date=26 August 2022|website=[[Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A)|Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives]]|archive-date=18 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018002256/https://www.baaa-acro.com/crash/crash-douglas-dc-9-32-adana-1-killed|url-status=live}}</ref> The plane lost its [[landing gear]] and slid a short distance before catching fire.<ref name="auto"/> |
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== Wreckage and recovery == |
== Wreckage and recovery == |
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The wreckage was located |
The wreckage was located in a field near the [[Sarıhuğlar, Seyhan|Sarıhuğlar village]] close to the airport. Cabin crew member Hülya Maviler was killed in the fire that started after impact, while co-pilot Celâlettin Yeprem was taken out of the aircraft in a critical condition.<ref name="auto1"/> Nilgün Dener, located at the rear of the aircraft, survived without any injuries and helped fellow crew members near the cockpit to evacuate. Maviler was seated at the center of the cabin and could not be reached by first responders. She was trying to escape to the rear of the aircraft but was surrounded by the smoke; her burnt body was removed from between seats.<ref name="Milliyet8" /><ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|date=9 April 1999|title=1972'deki kazanın kopyası|trans-title=Replica of the accident in 1972|url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/1972deki-kazanin-kopyasi-39072330|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826152143/https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/1972deki-kazanin-kopyasi-39072330|archive-date=26 August 2022|access-date=26 August 2022|work=[[Hürriyet]]|language=tr}}</ref> Her funeral was held in [[Istanbul]] the day after the crash.<ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 1972|url=https://gazetearsivi.milliyet.com.tr/liste?tarih=1972.01.23|title=Maviler Toprağa Verildi|language=Turkish|trans-title=Maviler was Buried|pages=1|work=[[Milliyet]]|url-access=registration}}</ref> The crash is the sole fatal McDonnell Douglas DC-9 accident involving Turkish Airlines.{{Sfn|Gök|2018|p=72}} |
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== Cause == |
== Cause and aftermath == |
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While being treated at the hospital, captain Mahzar İpek said that they had lost all communications with the airport and that they decided to make an emergency landing in an area that seemed to be flat.<ref name="auto2"/> |
While being treated at the hospital, captain Mahzar İpek said that they had lost all communications with the airport and that they decided to make an emergency landing in an area that seemed to be flat.<ref name="auto2"/> |
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In 1975, Gündüz Sevilgen, a member of the [[15th Parliament of Turkey]] from the [[National Salvation Party]], wrote several questions to the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey]] related to Turkish Airlines, including the causes of accidents.{{Sfn|TBMM|1975|p=106}} He received a response from the Minister of Transport, |
In 1975, Gündüz Sevilgen, a member of the [[15th Parliament of Turkey]] from the [[National Salvation Party]], wrote several questions to the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey]] related to Turkish Airlines, including the causes of accidents.{{Sfn|TBMM|1975|p=106}} He received a response from the Minister of Transport, [[Sabahattin Özbek]], on 18 March. The response included a short list of causes of all Turkish Airlines crashes to date.{{Sfn|TBMM|1975|p=110}} The cause for the Adana crash in the response was: |
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{{Blockquote| |
{{Blockquote|Not adhering to [[Instrument flight rules|IFR]] limits by attempting to approach and land [[Visual flight rules|visually]] in a misty and cloudy weather.{{Sfn|TBMM|1975|p=110}}}} |
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According to a ''[[Hürriyet]]'' article from 1999, the pressurization failure was due to a wiring malfunction.<ref name="auto2"/> In 2020, ''[[Sözcü]]'' reported that they could not find any record of the pilots being prosecuted over the death of Hülya Maviler.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Demir|first=Yusuf|date=10 February 2020|title=Türkiye'nin gündemine oturan pilot SÖZCÜ'ye konuştu: O mücadeleyi kazandık|trans-title=The pilot, who is on Turkey's agenda, spoke to SÖZCÜ: We won that fight|url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2020/gundem/turkiye-havacilik-tarihinde-bir-ilk-yasanirken-o-pilottan-sozcuye-kritik-aciklamalar-5615970/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725104635/https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2020/gundem/turkiye-havacilik-tarihinde-bir-ilk-yasanirken-o-pilottan-sozcuye-kritik-aciklamalar-5615970/|archive-date=25 July 2021|access-date=30 September 2022|work=[[Sözcü]]|language=Turkish}}</ref> |
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According to a ''[[Hürriyet]]'' article from 1999, the pressurization failure was due to a wiring malfunctioning.<ref name="auto2"/> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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=== Bibliography === |
=== Bibliography === |
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{{refbegin}} |
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<div style="font-size: 90%"> |
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*{{Cite journal|author=TBMM|date=March 1975|title=Manisa Milletvekili M. Gündüz Sevilgen'in, Türk Hava Yollan Genel Müdürlüğü Teşkilâtı Personeline ve Uçak Kazalarına İlişkin Sorusu ve Ulaştırma Bakanı Sabahattin Özbek'in Yazılı Cevabı|url=https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/TUTANAK/MM__/d04/c011/mm__04011052.pdf|journal= |
*{{Cite journal|author=TBMM|date=March 1975|title=Manisa Milletvekili M. Gündüz Sevilgen'in, Türk Hava Yollan Genel Müdürlüğü Teşkilâtı Personeline ve Uçak Kazalarına İlişkin Sorusu ve Ulaştırma Bakanı Sabahattin Özbek'in Yazılı Cevabı|trans-title=Manisa Deputy M. Gündüz Sevilgen's Question Regarding Turkish Airlines General Directorate Organization Personnel and Aircraft Accidents and Written Answer of the Minister of Transport Sabahattin Özbek|url=https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/TUTANAK/MM__/d04/c011/mm__04011052.pdf|journal=National Assembly Minutes Journal|access-date=19 August 2022|archive-date=23 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523012345/https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/tutanaklar/TUTANAK/MM__/d04/c011/mm__04011052.pdf|publisher=[[Grand National Assembly of Turkey]]|url-status=live|volume=11|pages=106–111|language=Turkish}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Gök|first=Kerem|date=2018|title=Uçak Kazaları: Türk Sivil Havacılık Tarihine Damgasını Vuran Kazalar|publisher=Kanon Kitap|location=[[Ankara]]|edition=First|isbn=9786056864414|language=Turkish}} |
*{{cite book|last=Gök|first=Kerem|date=2018|title=Uçak Kazaları: Türk Sivil Havacılık Tarihine Damgasını Vuran Kazalar|trans-title=Aircraft Accidents: Accidents That Left Their Mark on Turkish Civil Aviation History|publisher=Kanon Kitap|location=[[Ankara]]|edition=First|isbn=9786056864414|language=Turkish}} |
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{{refend}} |
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</div> |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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* {{ASN accident|id=19720121-0}} |
* {{ASN accident|id=19720121-0}} |
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{{McDonnell Douglas DC-9 family}} |
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{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 1972}} |
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 1972}} |
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{{Turkish Airlines}} |
{{Turkish Airlines}} |
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{{Aviation accidents and incidents in Turkey}} |
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{{coord missing|Turkey}} |
{{coord missing|Turkey}} |
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TC-JAC, the aircraft involved in the accident, photographed in 1970
| |
| Accident | |
|---|---|
| Date | 21 January 1972 |
| Summary | Controlled flight into terrain |
| Site | Near Adana Airport, Turkey |
| Aircraft | |
| Aircraft type | McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 |
| Aircraft name | Marmara |
| Operator | Turkish Airlines |
| Registration | TC-JAC |
| Flight origin | Kandara Airport |
| Stopover | Damascus Airport |
| Destination | Ankara Esenboğa Airport (ESB/LTAC) |
| Occupants | 5 |
| Crew | 5 |
| Fatalities | 1 |
| Injuries | 3 |
| Survivors | 4 |
On 21 January 1972, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 registered as TC-JAC operated by Turkish Airlines crashed on approach while trying to make an emergency landing at Adana Airport. The aircraft was en-route from Kandara AirportinJeddah, Saudi Arabia, to Ankara Esenboğa Airport with a stopover at Damascus Airport with only five crew members on board after carrying passengers to Hajj the day before.
After taking off from Damascus for the second leg of the flight, the plane had a cabin pressurization problem and attempted to divert to Adana. The aircraft had a go-around in its first landing attempt due to poor visibility. During the second attempt, the plane flew too low and crashed in a field 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) away from the airport, and subsequently caught fire. One of the five crew members died in the flames, while three others were injured.
The aircraft was a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 with serial number 47213/358, registered as TC-JAC and named Marmara after the region of Marmara; its first flight was in 1968.[1] Two days prior to the crash, on 19 January, the plane carried the 13th Prime Minister of Turkey Nihat Erim and a delegation from Ankara to France, and was due to bring them back later on the accident day. Before the prime minister boarded the McDonnell Douglas DC-9, it underwent an "extensive technical control" and its interior was searched for explosives with detectors.[2]
On board the flight deck were captain Mahzar İpek, aged 46, and co-pilot Celâlettin Yeprem, aged 51. Both had been flying with the airline for 15 years, after leaving the Turkish Air Force in 1957.[3] There were three cabin crew members: Nilgün Dener, Selva Aksöyek and Hülya Maviler. Maviler had also been a crew member on a Turkish Airlines flight that was hijacked to Sofia in September 1969.[2]
The aircraft was returning without passengers from Jeddah after carrying people to Hajj.[2] The aircraft took off from Damascus and headed for Ankara. The pilots reported to controllers that they were having problems with cabin pressurization and diverted to Adana Airport for an emergency landing. It was snowing at the time of the accident, a condition which was rare for Adana.[4] Due to the poor visibility, the pilots initiated a go-around after failing to see the runway. During the second approach, the aircraft was too low on altitude and struck the ground at 4:24 local time, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) away from the airport.[2][5] The plane lost its landing gear and slid a short distance before catching fire.[5]
The wreckage was located in a field near the Sarıhuğlar village close to the airport. Cabin crew member Hülya Maviler was killed in the fire that started after impact, while co-pilot Celâlettin Yeprem was taken out of the aircraft in a critical condition.[2] Nilgün Dener, located at the rear of the aircraft, survived without any injuries and helped fellow crew members near the cockpit to evacuate. Maviler was seated at the center of the cabin and could not be reached by first responders. She was trying to escape to the rear of the aircraft but was surrounded by the smoke; her burnt body was removed from between seats.[3][6] Her funeral was held in Istanbul the day after the crash.[7] The crash is the sole fatal McDonnell Douglas DC-9 accident involving Turkish Airlines.[4]
While being treated at the hospital, captain Mahzar İpek said that they had lost all communications with the airport and that they decided to make an emergency landing in an area that seemed to be flat.[6]
In 1975, Gündüz Sevilgen, a member of the 15th Parliament of Turkey from the National Salvation Party, wrote several questions to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey related to Turkish Airlines, including the causes of accidents.[8] He received a response from the Minister of Transport, Sabahattin Özbek, on 18 March. The response included a short list of causes of all Turkish Airlines crashes to date.[9] The cause for the Adana crash in the response was:
Not adhering to IFR limits by attempting to approach and land visually in a misty and cloudy weather.[9]
According to a Hürriyet article from 1999, the pressurization failure was due to a wiring malfunction.[6] In 2020, Sözcü reported that they could not find any record of the pilots being prosecuted over the death of Hülya Maviler.[10]
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Aviation accidents and incidents in 1972 (1972)
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Jan 7 Jan 21 Jan 26 Feb 22 Mar 3 Mar 14 Mar 19 Apr 18 East African Airways Flight 720 May 5 May 8 May 18 May 30 Jun 12 Jun 14 Jun 15 Jun 18 British European Airways Flight 548 Jun 24 Jun 29 Lake Winnebago mid-air collision Jul 2 Jul 5 Pacific Southwest Airlines Flight 710 Jul 31 Aug 14 Aug 16 Aug 31 Sep 15 Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 130 Sep 24 Sep 24 Sacramento Canadair Sabre accident Oct 1 Oct 13 Oct 13 Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 Oct 27 Oct 29 Nov 10 Nov 15 Nov 28 Dec 3 Dec 8 Dec 8 Dec 8 Pakistan International Airlines Flight 631 Dec 20 Chicago–O'Hare runway collision Dec 23 Dec 29 Dec 31 | |
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Employees: 37,670 (2020) Stock ticker: THYAO Website: Turkish Airlines Investor Relations | ||
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Aviation accidents and incidents in Turkey
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| 1950s |
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| 1960s |
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| 1970s |
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| 1980s |
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| 1990s |
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| 2000s |
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| 2010s |
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| 2020s |
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See also: List of hijackings of Turkish airplanes | |
