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Contents

   



(Top)
  


1 Taxonomy and systematics  


1.1  Extant species  




1.2  Extinct species  




1.3  Former species  






2 References  




3 External links  













Alauda: Difference between revisions






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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  

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→‎Former species: corrected name (only ssp, not all of sp.)
 
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{{Short description|Genus of birds}}

{{redirect|Skylark}}

{{Redirect|Skylark}}

{{For-multi|the asteroid (702) Alauda|702 Alauda|the Roman Legion|Legio V Alaudae}}

{{Taxobox

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Alauda arvensis 2.jpg

| image = Alauda arvensis 2.jpg

| image_width = 250px

| image_caption = [[Eurasian skylark]] (''Alauda arvensis'') [[File:Eurasian Skylark (Alauda arvensis) (W1CDR0001421 BD2).ogg|thumb|center|Song of [[Eurasian skylark]] ]]

| image_caption = [[Eurasian skylark]] (''Alauda arvensis'') [[File:Eurasian Skylark (Alauda arvensis) (W1CDR0001421 BD2).ogg|thumb|center|Song of [[Eurasian skylark]] ]]

| regnum = [[Animal]]ia

| taxon = Alauda
⚫

| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]

| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
⚫

| type_species = ''Alauda arvensis''

| classis = [[bird|Aves]]

| type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758

| ordo = [[perching bird|Passeriformes]]

| familia = [[lark|Alaudidae]]

| genus = '''''Alauda'''''
⚫

| genus_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = see text

| subdivision = see text

}}

}}


'''''Alauda''''' is a [[genus]] of [[lark]]s found across much of Europe, Asia and in the mountains of north Africa, and one of the species (the [[Raso lark]]) [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to the islet of [[Ilhéu Raso|Raso]] in the [[Cape Verde Islands]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/larks/|title=Nicators, reedling & larks « IOC World Bird List|website=www.worldbirdnames.org|access-date=2016-12-04}}</ref> Further, at least two additional species are known from the fossil record. The current genus name is from Latin ''alauda'', "lark". [[Pliny the Elder]] thought the word was originally of Celtic origin.<ref name=job>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher= Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | page = 37}}</ref>

'''''Alauda''''' is a [[genus]] of [[lark]]s found across much of Europe, Asia and in the mountains of north Africa, and one of the species (the [[Raso lark]]) [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to the islet of [[Ilhéu Raso|Raso]] in the [[Cape Verde Islands]].<ref name=ioc/> Further, at least two additional species are known from the fossil record. The current genus name is from Latin ''alauda'', "lark". [[Pliny the Elder]] thought the word was originally of Celtic origin.<ref name=job>{{cite book | last= Jobling | first= James A | year= 2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | url= https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling | publisher= Christopher Helm | location = London | isbn = 978-1-4081-2501-4 | page = [https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling/page/n3737]}}</ref>


==Taxonomic and systematics==

==Taxonomy and systematics==

The genus ''Alauda'' was introduced by the Swedish naturalist [[Carl Linnaeus]] in 1758 in the [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|tenth edition]] of his ''[[Systema Naturae]]''.<ref>{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1758 | title= Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | volume=1| edition=10th | page=165 | publisher=Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii | language=la | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727072 }}</ref> The [[type species]] was subsequently designated as the [[Eurasian skylark]].<ref>{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Greenway | editor2-first=James C. Jr | year=1960 | title=Check-list of Birds of the World | volume=9 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=65 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480740 }}</ref>
⚫

The genus ''Alauda'' has four extant and at least two extinct species. Formerly, many other species have also been considered to belong to the genus.


⚫

The genus ''Alauda'' has four extant and at least two extinct species. Formerly, many other species have also been considered to belong to the genus.


===Extant species===

===Extant species===

The genus contains four species:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2018 | title=Nicators, reedling, larks | work=World Bird List Version 8.2 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/larks/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=15 July 2018 }}</ref>

* [[White-winged lark]] (''Alauda leucoptera'')

{| class="wikitable"

* [[Raso lark]] (''Alauda razae'')

|-

* [[Oriental skylark]] (''Alauda gulgula'')

! Image !! Scientific name !! Common Name !! Distribution
⚫

* [[Eurasian skylark]] (''Alauda arvensis'')

|-

|[[File:Alauda leucoptera. Lord Lilford.jpg|120px]] || ''Alauda leucoptera'' || [[White-winged lark]] || southern Ukraine through Kazakhstan to south-central Russia

|-

|[[File:Razo lark.jpg|120px]] || ''Alauda razae'' || [[Raso lark]]|| Raso islet in the Cape Verde Islands

|-

|[[File:Oriental Skylark by David Raju (cropped).jpg|120px]] || ''Alauda gulgula'' || [[Oriental skylark]] || southern, central and eastern Asia

|-

|[[File:Alauda arvensis 2.jpg|120px]] || ''Alauda arvensis'' || [[Eurasian skylark]] || across Europe and Asia

|-

|}


===Extinct species===

===Extinct species===
Line 33: Line 42:

===Former species===

===Former species===

Previously, some authorities also classified the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus ''Alauda'':

Previously, some authorities also classified the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus ''Alauda'':

* [[Greater hoopoe-lark|Greater hoopoe-lark (desertorum)]] (as ''A. desertorum'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=B39F5BF4&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alaemon alaudipes desertorum - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-21}}</ref>

* [[Greater hoopoe-lark|Greater hoopoe-lark (desertorum)]] (as ''Alauda desertorum'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=B39F5BF4&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alaemon alaudipes desertorum - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-21}}</ref>

* [[Gray's lark]] (as ''A. grayi'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=9E0E6D4E46F43BC2|title=Ammomanopsis grayi - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-21}}</ref>

* [[Gray's lark]] (as ''Alauda grayi'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=9E0E6D4E46F43BC2|title=Ammomanopsis grayi - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-21}}</ref>

* [[Short-clawed lark]] (as ''A. chuana'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=3244C2049F4C836E|title=Certhilauda chuana - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-17}}</ref>

* [[Short-clawed lark]] (as ''Alauda chuana'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=3244C2049F4C836E|title=Certhilauda chuana - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-17}}</ref>

* [[Cape long-billed lark]] (as ''A. curvirostris'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=BEC2F8B64768F803|title=Certhilauda curvirostris - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-18}}</ref>

* [[Cape long-billed lark]] (as ''Alauda curvirostris'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=BEC2F8B64768F803|title=Certhilauda curvirostris - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-18}}</ref>

* [[Dusky lark]] (as ''A. nigricans'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=511C1E5A797CBD71|title=Pinarocorys nigricans - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-17}}</ref>

* [[Dusky lark]] (as ''Alauda nigricans'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=511C1E5A797CBD71|title=Pinarocorys nigricans - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-17}}</ref>

* [[Rufous-rumped lark]] (as ''A. erythropygia'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=148AA19260BD531C|title=Pinarocorys erythropygia - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-11}}</ref>

* [[Rufous-rumped lark]] (as ''Alauda erythropygia'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=148AA19260BD531C|title=Pinarocorys erythropygia - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-11}}</ref>

* [[Desert lark]] (as ''A. deserti'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=A977348D32FB435E|title=Ammomanes deserti - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-18}}</ref>

* [[Desert lark]] (as ''Alauda deserti'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=A977348D32FB435E|title=Ammomanes deserti - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-18}}</ref>

* [[Middle East desert lark]] (as ''A. isabellina'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=9096FFDB&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Ammomanes deserti isabellina - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-16}}</ref>

* [[Middle East desert lark]] (as ''Alauda isabellina'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=9096FFDB&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Ammomanes deserti isabellina - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-16}}</ref>

* [[Bar-tailed lark|Bar-tailed lark (arenicolor)]] (as ''A. arenicolor'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=78DD9CBA&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Ammomanes cinctura arenicolor - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

* [[Bar-tailed lark|Bar-tailed lark (arenicolor)]] (as ''Alauda arenicolor'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=78DD9CBA&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Ammomanes cinctura arenicolor - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

* [[Senegal chestnut-backed finch-lark]] (as ''A. melanocephala'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=7857037B&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Eremopterix leucotis melanocephalus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

* [[Senegal chestnut-backed finch-lark]] (as ''Alauda melanocephala'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=7857037B&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Eremopterix leucotis melanocephalus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

* [[Ashy-crowned sparrow-lark]] (as ''A. grisea'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=73ED9A5445E85695|title=Eremopterix griseus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-18}}</ref>

* [[Ashy-crowned sparrow-lark]] (as ''Alauda grisea'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=73ED9A5445E85695|title=Eremopterix griseus - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-18}}</ref>

* [[Congo Sabota lark]] (as ''A. plebeja'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=F3074448&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Calendulauda sabota plebeja - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

* [[Congo Sabota lark]] (as ''Alauda plebeja'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=F3074448&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Calendulauda sabota plebeja - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

* [[Bradfield's lark]] (as ''A. naevia'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=E6977C8C&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Calendulauda naevia - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

* [[Bradfield's lark]] (as ''Alauda naevia'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=E6977C8C&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Calendulauda naevia - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

* [[Pink-breasted lark]] (as ''A. poecilosterna'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=99F447ADD9E4A9C7|title=Calendulauda poecilosterna - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-17}}</ref>

* [[Pink-breasted lark]] (as ''Alauda poecilosterna'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=99F447ADD9E4A9C7|title=Calendulauda poecilosterna - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-17}}</ref>

* [[Karoo lark]] (as ''A. albescens'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=DD338581&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Calendulauda albescens - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-18}}</ref>

* [[Karoo lark]] (as ''Alauda albescens'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=DD338581&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Calendulauda albescens - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-18}}</ref>

* [[Karoo lark|Karoo lark (codea)]] (as ''A. codea'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=087E0BE9&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Calendulauda albescens codea - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-16}}</ref>

* [[Karoo lark|Karoo lark (codea)]] (as ''Alauda codea'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=087E0BE9&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Calendulauda albescens codea - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-16}}</ref>

* [[Karoo lark|Karoo lark (guttata)]] (as ''A. guttata'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=9B694CDC&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Calendulauda albescens guttata - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-16}}</ref>

* [[Karoo lark|Karoo lark (guttata)]] (as ''Alauda guttata'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=9B694CDC&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Calendulauda albescens guttata - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-16}}</ref>

* [[Dune lark]] (as ''A. erythrochlamys'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=214FC4649C27757F|title=Calendulauda erythrochlamys - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-19}}</ref>

* [[Dune lark]] (as ''Alauda erythrochlamys'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=214FC4649C27757F|title=Calendulauda erythrochlamys - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-19}}</ref>

* [[Eastern clapper lark]] (as ''A. fasciolata'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=8A1D5A9C&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Mirafra fasciolata - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-22}}</ref>

* [[Eastern clapper lark]] (as ''Alauda fasciolata'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=8A1D5A9C&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Mirafra fasciolata - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-22}}</ref>

* [[Cape clapper lark]] (as ''A. apiata'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=6E24D50213D3160A|title=Mirafra apiata - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

* [[Cape clapper lark]] (as ''Alauda apiata'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=6E24D50213D3160A|title=Mirafra apiata - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

* [[Woodlark]] (as ''A. arborea'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=742EC2F1CA97F56C|title=Lullula arborea - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-30}}</ref>

* [[Woodlark]] (as ''Alauda arborea'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=742EC2F1CA97F56C|title=Lullula arborea - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-11-30}}</ref>

* [[Botha's lark]] (as ''A. fringillaris'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=53C0293AE6A9B14F|title=Spizocorys fringillaris - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-04}}</ref>

* [[Botha's lark]] (as ''Alauda fringillaris'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=53C0293AE6A9B14F|title=Spizocorys fringillaris - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-04}}</ref>

* [[Pink-billed lark]] (as ''A. conirostris'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=1E4143F8B2A08B03|title=Spizocorys conirostris - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-04}}</ref>

* [[Pink-billed lark]] (as ''Alauda conirostris'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=1E4143F8B2A08B03|title=Spizocorys conirostris - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-04}}</ref>

* [[Western Oriental skylark]] (as ''A. inconspicua'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=322F8D73&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alauda gulgula inconspicua - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Sykes's lark]] (as ''Alauda Deva'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=4A6368CF5D87C1A7|title=Galerida deva - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Oriental skylark|Oriental skylark (australis)]] (as ''A. Australis'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=415A6735&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alauda gulgula australis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Oriental skylark|Oriental skylark (coelivox)]] (as ''A. coelivox'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=F4D9CEED&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alauda gulgula coelivox - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Oriental skylark|Oriental skylark (sala)]] (as ''A. sala'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=80D01D5A&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alauda gulgula sala - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Oriental skylark|Oriental skylark (wattersi)]] (as ''A. wattersi'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=84E68C61&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alauda gulgula wattersi - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[North Mediterranean Eurasian skylark]] (as ''A. cantarella'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=A04375CE&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alauda arvensis cantarella - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Steppe Eurasian skylark]] (as ''A. dulcivox'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=75A5FF4D&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alauda japonica dulcivox - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Eurasian skylark|Eurasian skylark (intermedia)]] (as ''A. intermedia'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=5555FEBB&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alauda japonica intermedia - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Eurasian skylark|Eurasian skylark (pekinensis)]] (as ''A. pekinensis'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=C69C55BE&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alauda japonica pekinensis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Japanese skylark]] (as ''A. japonica'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=0F6AE02E&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alauda japonica - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Sykes's lark]] (as ''A. Deva'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=4A6368CF5D87C1A7|title=Galerida deva - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Large-billed lark]] (as ''A. magnirostris'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=6CC67AB9&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Galerida magnirostris - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-07}}</ref>

* [[Large-billed lark]] (as ''A. magnirostris'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=6CC67AB9&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Galerida magnirostris - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-07}}</ref>

* [[Crested lark]] (as ''A. cristata'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=FC79EB47&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Galerida cristata - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-08}}</ref>

* [[Crested lark]] (as ''Alauda cristata'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=FC79EB47&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Galerida cristata - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-08}}</ref>

* [[Senegal crested lark]] (as ''A. senegallensis'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=29A450DF&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Galerida cristata senegallensis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-16}}</ref>

* [[Senegal crested lark]] (as ''Alauda senegallensis'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=29A450DF&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Galerida cristata senegallensis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-16}}</ref>

* [[Crested lark|Crested lark (leautungensis)]] (as ''A. leautungensis'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=85288DC9&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Galerida cristata leautungensis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-16}}</ref>

* [[Crested lark|Crested lark (leautungensis)]] (as ''Alauda leautungensis'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=85288DC9&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Galerida cristata leautungensis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-16}}</ref>

* [[Indian crested lark]] (as ''A. Chendoola'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=A9C80BA3&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Galerida cristata chendoola - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Indian crested lark]] (as ''Alauda Chendoola'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=A9C80BA3&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Galerida cristata chendoola - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Malabar lark]] (as ''A. malabarica'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=DA29B24C&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Galerida malabarica - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-08}}</ref>

* [[Malabar lark]] (as ''Alauda malabarica'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=DA29B24C&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Galerida malabarica - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-08}}</ref>

* [[Horned lark]] (as ''A. alpestris'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=77AFF9B86BC9FEE3|title=Eremophila alpestris - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Horned lark]] (as ''Alauda alpestris'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=77AFF9B86BC9FEE3|title=Eremophila alpestris - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Mexican horned lark]] (as ''A. chrysolaema'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=D86577BD&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Eremophila alpestris chrysolaema - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Mexican horned lark]] (as ''Alauda chrysolaema'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=D86577BD&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Eremophila alpestris chrysolaema - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Shore lark]] (as ''A. flava'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=A4B3E0FB&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Eremophila alpestris flava - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Shore lark]] (as ''Alauda flava'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=A4B3E0FB&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Eremophila alpestris flava - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Southern horned lark]] (as ''A. Penicillata'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=74897AE1&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Eremophila alpestris penicillata - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Southern horned lark]] (as ''Alauda Penicillata'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=74897AE1&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Eremophila alpestris penicillata - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-18}}</ref>

* [[Temminck's lark]] (as ''A. bilopha'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=89FCE277BC4898DD|title=Eremophila bilopha - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-11}}</ref>

* [[Temminck's lark]] (as ''Alauda bilopha'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=89FCE277BC4898DD|title=Eremophila bilopha - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-11}}</ref>

* [[Mongolian short-toed lark]] (as ''A. Dukhunensis'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=B9808769F728450D|title=Calandrella dukhunensis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-12}}</ref>

* [[Mongolian short-toed lark]] (as ''Alauda Dukhunensis'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=B9808769F728450D|title=Calandrella dukhunensis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-12}}</ref>

* [[Red-capped lark]] (as ''A. cinerea'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=FCDA4F09&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Calandrella cinerea - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-12}}</ref>

* [[Red-capped lark]] (as ''Alauda cinerea'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=FCDA4F09&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Calandrella cinerea - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-12}}</ref>

*[[Red-capped lark|Red-capped lark (spleniata)]] (as ''A. spleniata'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=83787EF0&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Calandrella cinerea spleniata - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-16}}</ref>

*[[Red-capped lark|Red-capped lark (spleniata)]] (as ''Alauda spleniata'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=83787EF0&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Calandrella cinerea spleniata - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-16}}</ref>

* [[Greater short-toed lark]] (as ''A. brachydactila'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=4091A51E0603BAF2|title=Calandrella brachydactyla - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-13}}</ref>

* [[Greater short-toed lark]] (as ''Alauda brachydactila'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=4091A51E0603BAF2|title=Calandrella brachydactyla - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-13}}</ref>

* [[Steppe greater short-toed lark]] (as ''A. longipennis'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=B4B9FCCE&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Calandrella brachydactyla longipennis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

* [[Steppe greater short-toed lark]] (as ''Alauda longipennis'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=B4B9FCCE&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Calandrella brachydactyla longipennis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

* [[Bimaculated lark]] (as ''A. bimaculata'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=367807919B4EA167|title=Melanocorypha bimaculata - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

* [[Bimaculated lark]] (as ''Alauda bimaculata'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=367807919B4EA167|title=Melanocorypha bimaculata - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-17}}</ref>

* [[Calandra lark]] (as ''A. calandra'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=BDC24A8AA8A51BF9|title=Melanocorypha calandra - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-15}}</ref>

* [[Calandra lark]] (as ''Alauda calandra'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=BDC24A8AA8A51BF9|title=Melanocorypha calandra - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-15}}</ref>

* [[Black lark]] (as ''A. yeltoniensis'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=811FC71929CD3B00|title=Melanocorypha yeltoniensis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-15}}</ref>

* [[Black lark]] (as ''Alauda yeltoniensis'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=811FC71929CD3B00|title=Melanocorypha yeltoniensis - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-15}}</ref>

* [[Mongolian lark]] (as ''A. mongolica'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=0D93B7320BED897D|title=Melanocorypha mongolica - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-15}}</ref>

* [[Mongolian lark]] (as ''Alauda mongolica'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=0D93B7320BED897D|title=Melanocorypha mongolica - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-15}}</ref>

* [[Dupont's lark]] (as ''A. Duponti'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=504B0218&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Chersophilus duponti - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-16}}</ref>

* [[Dupont's lark]] (as ''Alauda Duponti'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=504B0218&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Chersophilus duponti - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-16}}</ref>

* [[Lesser short-toed lark]] (as ''A. rufescens'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=F8736B10&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alaudala rufescens - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-20}}</ref>

* [[Mediterranean short-toed lark]] (as ''Alauda rufescens'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=F8736B10&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alaudala rufescens - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-20}}</ref>

* [[Sand lark]] (as ''A. raytal'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=862C271E&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alaudala raytal - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-20}}</ref>

* [[Sand lark]] (as ''Alauda raytal'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=862C271E&sec=summary&ssver=1|title=Alaudala raytal - Avibase|website=avibase.bsc-eoc.org|access-date=2016-12-20}}</ref>


==References==

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{commonscat|Alauda}}

{{wikispecies|Alauda}}

==External links==

{{reflist}}

{{Commons category|Alauda|position=left}}


{{Passerida|S.|state=collapsed}}

{{taxonbar}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q378278}}

{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Alauda| ]]

[[Category:Alauda| ]]

[[Category:Bird genera]]

[[Category:Bird genera]]

[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]

Latest revision as of 04:47, 4 January 2024

"Skylark" redirects here. For other uses, see Skylark (disambiguation).
For the asteroid (702) Alauda, see 702 Alauda. For the Roman Legion, see Legio V Alaudae.

Alauda
Eurasian skylark (Alauda arvensis)
Song of Eurasian skylark
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Alaudidae
Genus: Alauda
Linnaeus, 1758
Type species
Alauda arvensis

Linnaeus, 1758

Species

see text

Alauda is a genusoflarks found across much of Europe, Asia and in the mountains of north Africa, and one of the species (the Raso lark) endemic to the islet of Raso in the Cape Verde Islands.[1] Further, at least two additional species are known from the fossil record. The current genus name is from Latin alauda, "lark". Pliny the Elder thought the word was originally of Celtic origin.[2]

Taxonomy and systematics[edit]

The genus Alauda was introduced by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae.[3] The type species was subsequently designated as the Eurasian skylark.[4]

The genus Alauda has four extant and at least two extinct species. Formerly, many other species have also been considered to belong to the genus.

Extant species[edit]

The genus contains four species:[1]

Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution
Alauda leucoptera White-winged lark southern Ukraine through Kazakhstan to south-central Russia
Alauda razae Raso lark Raso islet in the Cape Verde Islands
Alauda gulgula Oriental skylark southern, central and eastern Asia
Alauda arvensis Eurasian skylark across Europe and Asia

Extinct species[edit]

Former species[edit]

Previously, some authorities also classified the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Alauda:

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2018). "Nicators, reedling, larks". World Bird List Version 8.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  • ^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  • ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii. p. 165.
  • ^ Mayr, Ernst; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1960). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 9. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 65.
  • ^ Boev, Z. 2012. Neogene Larks (Aves: Alaudidae (Vigors, 1825)) from Bulgaria - Acta zoologica bulgarica, 64 (3), 2012: 295-318.
  • ^ Kessler, E. 2013. Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary. – Hantkeniana, Budapest, 2013, 8: 37-149.
  • ^ "Alaemon alaudipes desertorum - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-21.
  • ^ "Ammomanopsis grayi - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-21.
  • ^ "Certhilauda chuana - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
  • ^ "Certhilauda curvirostris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
  • ^ "Pinarocorys nigricans - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
  • ^ "Pinarocorys erythropygia - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-11.
  • ^ "Ammomanes deserti - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
  • ^ "Ammomanes deserti isabellina - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
  • ^ "Ammomanes cinctura arenicolor - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
  • ^ "Eremopterix leucotis melanocephalus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
  • ^ "Eremopterix griseus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
  • ^ "Calendulauda sabota plebeja - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
  • ^ "Calendulauda naevia - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
  • ^ "Calendulauda poecilosterna - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
  • ^ "Calendulauda albescens - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
  • ^ "Calendulauda albescens codea - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
  • ^ "Calendulauda albescens guttata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
  • ^ "Calendulauda erythrochlamys - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
  • ^ "Mirafra fasciolata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-22.
  • ^ "Mirafra apiata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
  • ^ "Lullula arborea - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-11-30.
  • ^ "Spizocorys fringillaris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-04.
  • ^ "Spizocorys conirostris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-04.
  • ^ "Galerida deva - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-18.
  • ^ "Galerida magnirostris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-07.
  • ^ "Galerida cristata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-08.
  • ^ "Galerida cristata senegallensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
  • ^ "Galerida cristata leautungensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
  • ^ "Galerida cristata chendoola - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-18.
  • ^ "Galerida malabarica - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-08.
  • ^ "Eremophila alpestris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-18.
  • ^ "Eremophila alpestris chrysolaema - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-18.
  • ^ "Eremophila alpestris flava - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-18.
  • ^ "Eremophila alpestris penicillata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-18.
  • ^ "Eremophila bilopha - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-11.
  • ^ "Calandrella dukhunensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
  • ^ "Calandrella cinerea - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
  • ^ "Calandrella cinerea spleniata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
  • ^ "Calandrella brachydactyla - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-13.
  • ^ "Calandrella brachydactyla longipennis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
  • ^ "Melanocorypha bimaculata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
  • ^ "Melanocorypha calandra - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-15.
  • ^ "Melanocorypha yeltoniensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-15.
  • ^ "Melanocorypha mongolica - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-15.
  • ^ "Chersophilus duponti - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
  • ^ "Alaudala rufescens - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-20.
  • ^ "Alaudala raytal - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2016-12-20.

    • External links[edit]

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    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alauda&oldid=1193507154"
    Categories: 
    ●Alauda
     ●Bird genera
     ●Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
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