Anton Korošec: Difference between revisions

{{Short description|Yugoslav politician}}

{{more footnotes|date=January 2013}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}

{{Infobox officeholder

| office = 7th [[Prime Minister of Yugoslavia]]

| birth_place = [[Biserjane]], [[Duchy of Styria|Styria]], [[Austria-Hungary]]<br>{{small|(now [[Slovenia]])}}

| death_place = [[Belgrade]], [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]<br>{{small|(now [[Serbia]])}}

'''Anton Korošec''' ({{IPA-sl|anˈtóːŋ kɔˈɾóːʃəts}}, {{IPA-sh|ǎntoːŋ korǒʃets|lang}}; 12 May 1872 – 14 December 1940) was a [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] politician, a prominent member of the conservative People's Party, a [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] priest and a noted orator.

==Early life==

==Political career==

In 1907, Korošec was elected to the [[Reichsrat (Austria)|Reichsrat]] as a member of the [[Slovenian People's Party (historical)|Slovenian People's Party]], where, as president of the [[Yugoslav Club]], he read out the [[May Declaration]], which called for all [[South Slavs]] to be unified in one state unit within the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Following the break-up of [[Austria-Hungary]], the [[National Council of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]], of which Korošec was the president, declared the creation of the [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]] on 29 October 1918. Earlier, Korošec and [[Nikola Pašić]] had agreed on the terms of the [[Geneva Declaration (1918)|Geneva Declaration]], in which the [[Kingdom of Serbia]] recognized the equal rights of the different components of such a state should it join with it in a confederation. From the very beginning however, Serbs favoured central control and the subsequent [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] was a unitary [[monarchy]].

Korošec was vice-president in the first government of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918. As the leader of the [[Slovenian People's Party (historical)|Slovenian People's Party]] he later collaborated in two right-leaning governments. Despite its defeat in 1920, the Slovenian People's Party was again victorious in Slovenia in 1924 and Korošec was chosen to be vice-president of the government. In 1924 and 1927, he was also minister for the interior. Korošec opposed the adoption of the [[Vidovdan Constitution]] and campaigned for greater autonomy for Slovenes within the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes until the Slovenian People's Party joined with Serbian radicals to form a centralist government and the idea was sidelined. Following [[Stjepan Radić]]’s assassination in 1928, in order to ensure more peace between ethnic groups the king called Korošec to lead the first government of Yugoslavia without a Serbian Prime Minister, but the monarch soon dismissed him when the [[:January 6th Dictatorship]] was proclaimed. Korošec was also a minister in [[Petar Živković]]’s government in 1929. He tried to resolve the crisis in the country by democratic means, but the government fell in 1930 under pressure from Slovenia.

In opposition, Korošec drew up the Slovenian Declaration (''Slovenska deklaracija'') which called for a new multinational union of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. This proposal also seemed attractive to Slovenians living in the [[Slovenian Littoral]] and [[Carinthia (state)|Carinthia]], which bordered on the existing state. Korošec was exiled to the island of [[Hvar]] in 1933. The Slovenian People's Party subsequently boycotted the 1935 parliamentary elections. Korošec nonetheless was named minister for the interior in [[Milan Stojadinović]]'s government in the same year. He helped to facilitate an agreement between [[Dragiša Cvetković]] and [[Vladko Maček]] and was minister for education in their government. While in Stojadinović's Government, Korošec advocated a policy of close relationships with [[Nazi Germany]]. As education Minister in the Yugoslav government of Macek-Cvetkovic, in October 1940 Korošec introduced two [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]] laws. One limited the participation of Jews in the wholesale food industry, while the other put a limit on the number of Jewish students in secondary schools and universities. When other ministers objected to the laws, Korošec insisted that failure to introduce them would endanger relationships with Germany, and the laws were indeed accepted.

Towards the end of his life, he openly spoke out against [[Freemasonry]], [[Communism]] as well as [[Judaism]]. While serving Interior Minister in the Yugoslav government, Korošec, declared "all Jews, Communists, and Freemasons as traitors, conspirators, and enemies of the State".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Rdeče in črno. Slovensko partizanstvo in domobranstvo|last=Gregor Tomc|first=Doroteja Lešnik|year=1995|location=Ljubljana|pages=38–39}}</ref> He also organised the [[anti-Communist]] organisation the ''{{Ill|Sentinel in the Tempest|sl|Straža v viharju}}'' (''Straža v viharju'').

==Death==

Korošec died aged 68 in [[Belgrade]] (then [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]], now [[Republic of Serbia]]).

{{Wikisource author|Anton Korošec}}

{{Reflist}}

* Feliks J. Bister, ''Anton Korošec, državnozborski poslanec na Dunaju : življenje in delo : 1872–1918'', Ljubljana, 1992. {{COBISS|ID=32566528}}

==External links==

{{Commonscatinline}}

* {{PM20|FID=pe/010231}}

[[Category:People from the Municipality of Sveti Jurij ob Ščavnici]]

[[Category:Prime ministers of Yugoslavia]]

[[Category:Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1901–1907)]]

[[Category:Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1907–1911)]]

[[Category:Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1911–1918)]]

[[Category:Representatives in the Yugoslav National Assembly (1921–1941)]]

[[Category:Antisemitism in Slovenia]]