Jump to content
 







Main menu
   


Navigation  



Main page
Contents
Current events
Random article
About Wikipedia
Contact us
Donate
 




Contribute  



Help
Learn to edit
Community portal
Recent changes
Upload file
 








Search  

































Create account

Log in
 









Create account
 Log in
 




Pages for logged out editors learn more  



Contributions
Talk
 



















Contents

   



(Top)
 


1 Plot  





2 Cast  





3 Production  



3.1  Development  





3.2  Filming  







4 Marketing  





5 Release  





6 Reception  



6.1  Box office  





6.2  Critical response  







7 Future  



7.1  Sequels  





7.2  Shared universe  







8 Notes  





9 References  





10 External links  














Argylle






العربية
Български
Cymraeg
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
Español
فارسی
Français

Հայերեն
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Magyar
Македонски
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands

Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Српски / srpski
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Vit


 

Edit links
 









Article
Talk
 

















Read
Edit
View history
 








Tools
   


Actions  



Read
Edit
View history
 




General  



What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Cite this page
Get shortened URL
Download QR code
Wikidata item
 




Print/export  



Download as PDF
Printable version
 




Print/export  







In other projects  



Wikiquote
 
















Appearance
   

 






From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 


This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Beaumain (talk | contribs)at15:31, 13 February 2024 (per discussion, it's not the production budget, and the sources don't say it is). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.
(diff)  Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision  (diff)

Argylle
Theatrical release poster
Directed byMatthew Vaughn
Written byJason Fuchs
Produced by
  • Matthew Vaughn
  • Adam Bohling
  • David Reid
  • Jason Fuchs
  • Starring
  • Sam Rockwell
  • Bryan Cranston
  • Catherine O'Hara
  • Henry Cavill
  • Sofia Boutella
  • Dua Lipa
  • Ariana DeBose
  • John Cena
  • Samuel L. Jackson
  • CinematographyGeorge Richmond
    Edited by
  • Tom Harrison-Read
  • Col Goudie
  • Music byLorne Balfe

    Production
    companies

  • Cloudy Productions
  • Distributed by
  • Apple Original Films (through Apple TV+)
  • Release dates

  • February 1, 2024 (2024-02-01) (United Kingdom)
  • February 2, 2024 (2024-02-02) (United States)
  • Running time

    139 minutes[1]
    Countries
    • United Kingdom
  • United States
  • LanguageEnglish
    Box office$59.7 million[2]

    Argylle is a 2024 spy action comedy film directed and produced by Matthew Vaughn, and written by Jason Fuchs. The film features an ensemble cast that includes Bryce Dallas Howard, Sam Rockwell, Bryan Cranston, Catherine O'Hara, Henry Cavill, Sofia Boutella, Dua Lipa, Ariana DeBose, John Cena, and Samuel L. Jackson. Its plot centers on a reclusive author who is drawn into the world of spies and espionage after she realizes that a new spy novel she is writing mirrors real-world events.

    Argylle premiered at Odeon Luxe Leicester Square in London on January 24, 2024, before it was released by Universal Pictures and Apple Original Films in the United Kingdom on February 1, 2024, and in the United States the following day. The film received generally negative reviews from critics and has grossed $60 million worldwide.

    Plot

    Elly Conway, an introverted spy novelist, has almost finished her fifth book about Aubrey Argylle, the title character of the eponymous Argylle series. On a train journey to go and visit her parents, Ruth and Barry, Elly is saved from an ambush by an actual spy, Aidan Wylde, who explains to her that a devious organization, known as the Division, has targeted her because her novels seemingly predict their future. Aidan travels with Elly to England, hoping that her next chapter will reveal how to stop the Division.

    In London, the duo searches for a "Masterkey"[a] that would help expose the Division that Elly had also referenced in her novels. Suspecting Aidan wants to kill her too, Elly calls her parents for help. As they arrive, Aidan reveals that they are operatives of the Division, forcing him and Elly to fend them off before fleeing. Escaping to France, Aidan and former CIA deputy director Alfie Solomon reveal that Argylle is not entirely fictional: Elly is in fact agent Rachel Kylle ("Argylle" seemingly having been derived from "R. Kylle"), who was captured and brainwashed by the Division five years ago and made to believe that Dr. Margaret Vogeler (Ruth) and Director Ritter (Barry) were her real parents; she put her suppressed memories into the novels, Aidan and Alfie respectively being one of her characters and her cat. With the latest Argylle novel, Elly was about to reveal the whereabouts of the Masterkey before her cover was blown.

    Aidan and Rachel travel to Arabia, where they retrieve the Masterkey but are soon cornered by the Division, who knock them out and take them to their base. Ritter, the Division's director, reveals that Rachel was in actuality a double agent and one of their most loyal assets, after which she offers to interrogate Aidan, subsequently shooting him. She also locates Alfie for them, but reveals that she in fact sent him the Masterkey, betraying the Division. Ritter stops the transmission and she and a surviving Aidan fight their way through the ship, eventually killing him after Rachel's cat scratches out his eyes. Ruth uses a mental trigger code to turn her "daughter" on Aidan, until she is killed by Keira, a former CIA agent and Rachel and Aidan's sister-in-arms who was thought to have died in a mission with Rachel, which she had even put her in her novels, along with her seeming death. After this Alfie finally receives the message and Aidan detonates the Division's ocean liner headquarters.

    Resuming her novelist persona, Rachel publishes her final novel in the Argylle series, where at a reading, the real Argylle reveals himself, much to her shock and confusion. In a mid-credits scene, a young Argylle is revealed to be a Kingsman agent, with the first novel being based on his life.

    Cast

  • Sam Rockwell as Aidan[5]
  • Bryan Cranston as Ritter[5]
  • Catherine O'Hara as Ruth Conway, Elly's mother[5][3]
  • Henry Cavill as Argylle[3]
  • Sofia Boutella as Saba Al-Badr[5]
  • Dua Lipa as LaGrange[3]
  • Ariana DeBose as Keira[5]
  • John Cena as Wyatt[5]
  • Samuel L. Jackson as Alfie[5]
  • Chip as Alfie, Elly's cat[5]
  • Also appearing in the film are Rob Delaney as Deputy Director Powell, and Jing Lusi as a love interest of Argylle.[7][8] Richard E. Grant cameos as Fowler, the director of Argylle's spy organisation in the Argylle novels,[5] while Ben Daniels cameos as a bartender/spy at The King's Man Arms.[9]

    Production

    Development

    Argylle was announced in June 2021, with Matthew Vaughn attached to direct and produce for Marv Studios.[10] The ensemble cast was announced in the following months, and it was reported that the script was written by Jason Fuchs.[3] Dua Lipa, who also stars in the film, provided original music for the title track and score.[11][12]

    In August 2021, Apple TV+ bought the rights to the film for $200 million.[13] Some industry journals noted the $200 million as the production budget, with The Hollywood Reporter claiming some sources put costs as high as $250 million.[14][15][16] Director Matthew Vaughn refuted that claim, saying: "I don't know how you spend $200 million on it. I actually don't. Unless you're going to make a five-hour CG fest."[6]

    Vaughn said the COVID-19 pandemic gave him the time to work on the film.[17] He describes it as his ode to 1980s action thrillers like Die Hard and Lethal Weapon. When asked about casting Cavill, he said: "I needed someone who was born to play Bond — which Henry is — and then nick him before Bond did. He plays a larger-than-life action hero with a wink. It's very different from Kingsman."[18]

    Filming

    Principal photography began in August 2021 in London, with cinematographer George Richmond, and took place across various locations in Europe.[10][19][20] The production used studios in Greenford, Park Royal, and Bovingdon to shoot the film. Background shots were filmed in Greece and the United States.[21]

    Marketing

    Elly Conway, later revealed as the fictional author of the in-universe Argylle novels, was initially reported to have written the book that the script was based on during the film's announcement.[3] The claim was questioned by The Hollywood Reporter in September 2022, as they were unable to verify Conway's existence and their attempts to contact her, her publicist, and her talent agent were unsuccessful.[22] The trailer revealed Conway was the film's protagonist.[4] Several social media users attempted to identify Conway and theorized that singer-songwriter Taylor Swift had written the book with Conway as her pen name, based on several references associating Swift with Argylle; Vaughn denied the theory, stating Conway is not related to Swift, though Swift influenced the use of a Scottish Fold cat in the film.[23][24][25] Bryce Dallas Howard, who plays Conway in the film, opined that Argylle is "unconsciously inspired" by Swift.[26] In February 2024, authors Terry Hayes and Tammy Cohen revealed they had written the tie-in novel.[27] The tie-in book was released ahead of the movie's release, on January 9, 2024.[28]

    Apple and Universal spent $80 million promoting the film, each being responsible for fronting 50% of the costs.[29]

    Release

    Argylle premiered at Odeon Luxe Leicester Square in London on January 24, 2024.[30]

    In June 2023, it was announced that the film would be released in theaters on February 2, 2024, by Universal Pictures and Apple Original Films, before releasing on Apple TV+ at an undetermined date.[31][32] The film's marketing campaign cost $80 million, of which Universal paid half. According to Deadline Hollywood, Universal "collects back what it's owed in marketing from the box office before it collects a distribution fee."[29]

    Reception

    Box office

    As of February 11, 2024, Argylle has grossed $28.6 million in the United States and Canada, and $31.1 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $59.7 million.[2] Variety noted that for a traditional studio release, the film would need to gross around $500 million worldwide in order to break even.[15]

    In the United States and Canada, Argylle was projected to gross $15–20 million from 3,605 theaters in its opening weekend.[14] The film made $6.4 million on its first day, including $1.7 million from Thursday night previews.[33] It went on to debut to $17.5 million, topping the box office, though The Hollywood Reporter noted that "if legacy Hollywood studios released a $200 million movie with results like these, they would be skewered."[29][16] In its second weekend the film dropped 63% to $6.5 million, remaining in first.[34]

    Critical response

    On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 32% of 258 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 4.9/10. The website's consensus reads: "Argylle gets some mileage out of its silly, energetic spin on the spy thriller, but ultimately wears out its welcome with a convoluted plot and overlong runtime."[35] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 35 out of 100, based on 57 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable" reviews.[36] Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C+" on an A+ to F scale, while those polled by PostTrak gave it an 3 out of 5 stars.[29]

    Forbes noted that, in general, reviews criticized the film's length, number of plot twists, and use of CGI in action sequences, labeling it a parody of the genre.[37] Screen Rant summarized the reviews as mixed, noting the polarized reception of the "meta" elements, while the cast received praise.[38] Peter BradshawofThe Guardian gave the film one star out of five and called it an "unbearably self-satisfied smirk of a spy caper from Matthew Vaughn";[39] various other reviews were also very negative.[40] CBC conceded that the "movie's meta-backstory is much more interesting than its actual storyline, by a lot",[41] while the Los Angeles Times, also quite critical of the film, mentioned its "amusing premise" and enjoyed Rockwell's presence.[42]

    Future

    Sequels

    In July 2021, it was announced that Argylle was intended to be first of a franchise of at least three films.[3] In March 2022, it was confirmed that the first film will be followed by two sequels to complete a film trilogy.[43] In October 2023, Vaughn confirmed plans to create additional movies, while stating that the second film would be a prequel, as "the first Argylle novel",[44] exploring the origins of Argylle becoming a spy; while the third movie would follow additional installments.[45] On the film's release, its mid-credits scene, after displaying a younger Argylle (portrayed by Louis Partridge) being recruited by Kingsman, displays a note onscreen stating that "'Argylle: Book One - The Movie' is coming soon".[46] In February 2024, Vaughn confirmed that the prequel installment is being developed with Louis Partridge in the staring role; while explaining that the actor will star as the real Argylle (as portrayed by Cavill) from the end of the first movie, in his formative years.[47]

    Shared universe

    In October 2023, Matthew Vaughn announced his plans to create a larger spy-themed universe through his Marv Studios, with that universe being interconnected and comprising the Kingsman franchise, the Argylle films, and an unnamed third franchise. His intention was to have the new upcoming films in each series culminate in a crossover in the future.[44]

    Notes

    1. ^ The device is known as the "Masterkey" or the "Masterfile" in different versions of the film. This article uses "Masterkey".

    References

    1. ^ "Argylle (12A)". BBFC. January 12, 2024. Archived from the original on January 12, 2024. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
  • ^ a b "Argylle — Financial Information". The Numbers. Archived from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
  • ^ a b c d e f g Wiseman, Andreas (July 8, 2021). "Henry Cavill, Sam Rockwell, Bryce Dallas Howard, Bryan Cranston, Dua Lipa, Samuel L. Jackson, John Cena, Catherine O'Hara Set For New Matthew Vaughn Spy Franchise Argylle". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2021.
  • ^ a b Bumbray, Chris (September 26, 2023). "Argylle: Matthew Vaughn's Henry Cavill spy flick gets a teaser ahead of tomorrow's trailer". JoBlo. Archived from the original on September 26, 2023. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
  • ^ a b c d e f g h i "Argylle Production Notes". Getty Images. Archived from the original on January 13, 2024. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
  • ^ a b Bamigboye, Baz (January 24, 2024). "Breaking Baz: Matthew Vaughn On The Thrills And Spills Of Making Argylle, Why Marv Films Is Not For Sale & How Claudia Schiffer Saved His Career". Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 31, 2024. insists it didn't cost anywhere near the $200 million figure
  • ^ Ritman, Alex (November 3, 2021). "Rob Delaney Joins Matthew Vaughn's All-Star Spy Thriller Argylle (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on November 3, 2021. Retrieved November 3, 2021.
  • ^ Kroll, Justin (March 8, 2022). "Sophie Okonedo, Matthias Schweighöfer, Jing Lusi And Paul Ready Round Out Cast Heart Of Stone Starring Gal Gadot For Netflix & Skydance". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
  • ^ Busch, Caitlin (February 1, 2024). "Does Argylle Have a Post-Credit Scene?". NBCNews.com. Archived from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  • ^ a b Marc, Christopher (June 1, 2021). "Exclusive: Director Matthew Vaughn's Next Film Will Be Argyle For Marv Films". The Ronin. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2021.
  • ^ "Dua Lipa to Make Acting Debut in All-Star Spy Thriller Argylle". The Hollywood Reporter. July 8, 2021. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2021.
  • ^ Yossman, K.J. (July 8, 2021). "Henry Cavill, Samuel L. Jackson, Bryce Dallas Howard Among A-List Cast for Matthew Vaughn's Spy Thriller Argylle". Variety. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2021.
  • ^ Kroll, Justin; Fleming, Mike Jr. (August 4, 2021). "Apple Lands Matthew Vaughn's Star-Studded Spy Film Argylle In Massive Package Deal". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on August 4, 2021. Retrieved August 4, 2021.
  • ^ a b D'Alessandro, Anthony (January 30, 2024). "Apple Original Films' Argylle Hopes To Tee Up February Box Office – Preview". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on January 30, 2024. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  • ^ a b Rubin, Rebecca (January 31, 2024). "Box Office: Argylle to Dethrone Mean Girls With $15 Million-Plus Debut". Variety. Archived from the original on January 31, 2024. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  • ^ a b McClintock, Pamela (February 4, 2024). "Box Office: Matthew Vaughn and Apple's Big-Budget 'Argylle' Bombs With $18M U.S. Debut". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on February 3, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
  • ^ Davids, Brian (December 24, 2021). "Matthew Vaughn on The King's Man, the Future of Kingsman and Reuniting with Henry Cavill". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 28, 2021. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  • ^ Hibberd, James (November 10, 2021). "Why Henry Cavill Basically Already Is James Bond". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 2, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
  • ^ Daniels, Nia (August 23, 2021). "Henry Cavill begins UK shoot on Apple spy thriller Argylle, from Matthew Vaughn". Kemps Film and TV Production Services Handbook. Archived from the original on October 19, 2021. Retrieved August 27, 2021.
  • ^ Weintraub, Steve (August 26, 2021). "John Cena on Vacation Friends, Balancing the Crazy with Heart, and Matthew Vaughn's Spy Movie Argylle". Collider. Archived from the original on August 27, 2021. Retrieved August 27, 2021.
  • ^ "issue one thousand two hundred sixty-one" (PDF). Production Weekly. August 26, 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 29, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2021.
  • ^ Abramovitch, Seth (September 15, 2022). "Mystery Enshrouds Author Behind Henry Cavill Spy Thriller Argylle". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on September 15, 2022. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
  • ^ Hoepfner, Fran (January 16, 2024). "Taylor Swift Did Not Write the Argylle Book, So Why Do Swifties Think She Did?". Vulture. Archived from the original on January 16, 2024. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
  • ^ Nguyen, Sophia (January 9, 2024). "Taylor Swift didn't write 'Argylle.' So who did?". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
  • ^ Stern, Marlow (January 16, 2024). "'Argylle' Director Shoots Down Taylor Swift Conspiracy Theory". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on January 24, 2024. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
  • ^ Dailey, Hannah (January 24, 2024). "Did Taylor Swift Secretly Author Argylle Book? The Movie's Cast & Director React to Theories". Billboard. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  • ^ Kerridge, Jake (February 2, 2024). "'I hope Taylor Swift fans aren't disappointed' – the real author of Argylle, unmasked". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on February 3, 2024. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  • ^ Argylle. Bantam. January 9, 2024. ISBN 9780593600016. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
  • ^ a b c d D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 4, 2024). "Argylle Crashes With C+ CinemaScore & $18M Opening: Can Apple Sustain This Reign Of $200M Productions? – Sunday Update". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
  • ^ Hogan, Kate; Hatcher, Kirsty (January 24, 2024). "Argylle Premiere Red Carpet Arrivals: See Dua Lipa, Henry Cavill and More Stun in London". Peoplemag. Archived from the original on January 25, 2024. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  • ^ Rubin, Rebecca (June 15, 2023). "Matthew Vaughn's Argylle Sets 2024 Theatrical Release Date". Variety. Archived from the original on June 15, 2023. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  • ^ Richards, Bailey; Hatcher, Kirsty (September 28, 2023). "Dua Lipa Shines as Golden Seductress in First Trailer for Spy Thriller Argylle". People.com. Dotdash Meredith. Archived from the original on November 5, 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
  • ^ Moreau, Justin (February 2, 2024). "Box Office: Argylle Makes $1.7 Million in Previews". Variety. Archived from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  • ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 11, 2024). "Box Office Sacked By Super Bowl: 'Argylle' $6M+, 'Lisa Frankenstein' $3M+ As Weekend Drops To Current 2024 Low Of $40M – Sunday Update". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
  • ^ "Argylle". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
  • ^ "Argylle". Metacritic. Fandom, Inc. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
  • ^ Kain, Erik (February 2, 2024). "Henry Cavill's New Movie Argylle Is Bombing Spectacularly With Critics". Forbes. Archived from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
  • ^ Klein, Brennan (January 31, 2024). "Argylle Reviews Are In - Is Henry Cavill's Spy Movie A Worthy Follow-Up To Kingsman Franchise?". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on February 10, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
  • ^ Bradshaw, Peter (January 31, 2024). "Argylle review – unbearably self-satisfied smirk of a spy caper from Matthew Vaughn". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
  • ^ Parkel, Inga (January 31, 2024). "'Unbearable' Argylle panned by critics in brutal first reviews". The Independent. Archived from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
  • ^ Weaver, Jackson (February 2, 2024). "Argylle is as good as taking your phone out in the theatre". CBC. Archived from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
  • ^ Walsh, Katie (February 2, 2024). "Review: Cat lady as secret agent? 'Argylle' should be a lot more fun and less of a headache". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 3, 2024. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
  • ^ Mendelsohn, Jon (March 8, 2022). "Henry Cavill and Dua Lipa Dance Together in First Image From Matthew Vaughn's Spy Thriller Argylle". Collider. Archived from the original on August 10, 2023. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  • ^ a b Northrup, Ryan (October 19, 2023). "Kingsman Spy Movie Universe Could Include Argylle & Mysterious Third Franchise". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on October 19, 2023. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  • ^ Graham, Jamie (January 2, 2024). "Argylle director Matthew Vaughn wants the film to have two sequels". GamesRadar / Total Film. Archived from the original on January 2, 2024. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  • ^ Ford, Lucy (February 1, 2024). "Unpacking that deranged, universe-expanding Argylle post-credits scene". GQ Magazine. Archived from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  • ^ Weintraub, Steve & Tamera Jones (February 9, 2024). "Matthew Vaughn Explains 'Argylle's Ending and Updates Us on 'Kick-Ass,' 'Kingsman,' and More [Exclusive]". Collider. Retrieved February 11, 2024.
  • External links

  • flag United States
  • flag United Kingdom
  • icon Comedy

  • Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argylle&oldid=1206953054"

    Categories: 
    2024 films
    2024 action comedy films
    2020s spy action films
    2020s spy comedy films
    American action comedy films
    American action thriller films
    American comedy thriller films
    American spy films
    Apple TV+ original films
    British action comedy films
    British action thriller films
    British comedy thriller films
    British spy films
    Films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic
    Films about writers
    Films directed by Matthew Vaughn
    Films produced by Matthew Vaughn
    Films scored by Lorne Balfe
    Films shot in England
    Films shot in Greece
    Films shot in London
    Universal Pictures films
    4DX films
    Metafictional works
    Films set in Hong Kong
    Films about cats
    Hidden categories: 
    Articles with short description
    Short description is different from Wikidata
    Use American English from February 2024
    All Wikipedia articles written in American English
    Use mdy dates from February 2024
    Template film date with 3 release dates
    Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2024
    All articles containing potentially dated statements
     



    This page was last edited on 13 February 2024, at 15:31 (UTC).

    This version of the page has been revised. Besides normal editing, the reason for revision may have been that this version contains factual inaccuracies, vandalism, or material not compatible with the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.



    Privacy policy

    About Wikipedia

    Disclaimers

    Contact Wikipedia

    Code of Conduct

    Developers

    Statistics

    Cookie statement

    Mobile view



    Wikimedia Foundation
    Powered by MediaWiki