|
m Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 3 templates: del empty params (4×);
|
m En dash fix (via WP:JWB)
|
||
| (24 intermediate revisions by 17 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|None}} |
|||
{{Catholic Church by country}} |
{{Catholic Church by country}} |
||
[[File:Landakotskirkja - panoramio (3).jpg|thumb|The Cathedral of Christ the King in Reykjavík, Iceland]] |
[[File:Landakotskirkja - panoramio (3).jpg|thumb|The [[Christ the King Cathedral (Reykjavík)|Cathedral of Christ the King]] in Reykjavík, Iceland]] |
||
The '''Catholic Church in Iceland''' is part of the [[Catholic Church]], under the spiritual leadership of the [[Pope]]. The island |
The '''Catholic Church in Iceland''' ({{lang-is|Kaþólska kirkjan á Íslandi}}) is part of the [[Catholic Church]], under the spiritual leadership of the [[Pope]]. The island is served by a single diocese, the [[Diocese of Reykjavík]], having a total of seven parishes. {{As of|2015}}, the ordinary is bishop [[Dávid Bartimej Tencer]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dreyk.html|title=Reykjavik (Diocese)|last=Cheney|first=David M.|website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org|access-date=2017-08-22}}</ref> The diocese is [[Exemption (Catholic canon law)|directly subject]] to the [[Holy See]]. |
||
==Statistics== |
==Statistics== |
||
{{As of| |
{{As of|2022}}, there are 14,723 Catholics in Iceland,<ref name="StatisticsIceland2022">{{cite web |title=Populations by religious and life stance organizations 1998-2022 |website=Statistics Iceland |url=http://px.hagstofa.is/pxen/pxweb/en/Samfelag/Samfelag__menning__5_trufelog__trufelog/MAN10001.px/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=1392b6ab-57fc-432d-8fd1-a479b2a87f47 |access-date=22 January 2023}}</ref> with 6 diocesan priests, 9 religious order priests, and 38 sisters in religious orders. Catholics represent 3.91% of the Icelandic population<ref name="StatisticsIceland2022"/> and are growing in number rapidly.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://grapevine.is/news/2019/10/24/catholic-congregation-in-iceland-growing-rapidly/|title = From Iceland — Catholic Congregation in Iceland Growing Rapidly|date = 24 October 2019}}</ref> The [[Diocese of Reykjavík]] covers the whole of Iceland. The diocese has a cathedral, [[Landakotskirkja|Christ the King Cathedral]] (''Dómkirkja Krists Konungs'') in [[Reykjavík]], and a number of smaller churches and chapels in the larger towns around the country. |
||
==History== |
==History== |
||
{{more citations|section|date=March 2024}} |
|||
===Pre-Reformation=== |
===Pre-Reformation=== |
||
Some of the earliest inhabitants of Iceland were Irish monks, known as ''[[Papar]]''. However, the small population was overwhelmed in the eighth and ninth centuries by [[Settlement of Iceland|migrations of Scandinavians]], most of whom practised what can loosely be called [[Germanic paganism]]. Particularly through the influence of continental missionaries and pressure from the Norwegian king, Iceland officially converted in 999/1000 AD, but the [[Christianisation of Iceland]], as with the rest of Scandinavia, was a long process, beginning before official conversion and continuing after it.<ref>Jenny Jochens, 'Late and Peaceful: Iceland's Conversion Through Arbitration in 1000', ''Speculum'', 74 (1999), 621-55. DOI: 10.2307/2886763, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2886763.</ref> |
Some of the earliest inhabitants of Iceland were Irish monks, known as ''[[Papar]]''. However, the small population was overwhelmed in the eighth and ninth centuries by [[Settlement of Iceland|migrations of Scandinavians]], most of whom practised what can loosely be called [[Germanic paganism]]. Particularly through the influence of continental missionaries and pressure from the Norwegian king, Iceland officially converted in 999/1000 AD, but the [[Christianisation of Iceland]], as with the rest of Scandinavia, was a long process, beginning before official conversion and continuing after it.<ref>Jenny Jochens, 'Late and Peaceful: Iceland's Conversion Through Arbitration in 1000', ''Speculum'', 74 (1999), 621-55. DOI: 10.2307/2886763, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2886763.</ref> |
||
Before the [[Reformation in Denmark-Norway and Holstein|Reformation]], there were two dioceses in Iceland, the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Skálholt|Diocese of Skálholt]] (first bishop, [[Ísleifur Gissurarson]], 1056), and the [[List of Hólar bishops|Diocese of Hólar]] (first bishop, Bl. [[Jón Ögmundsson]], 1106). |
Before the [[Reformation in Denmark-Norway and Holstein|Reformation]], there were two dioceses in Iceland, the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Skálholt|Diocese of Skálholt]] (first bishop, [[Ísleifur Gissurarson]], 1056), and the [[List of Hólar bishops|Diocese of Hólar]] (first bishop, Bl. [[Jón Ögmundsson]], 1106).{{cn|date=March 2024}} |
||
===Reformation=== |
===Reformation=== |
||
During the [[Protestant Reformation]], Iceland adopted [[Lutheranism]] in place of [[Catholicism]]. Two men, [[Oddur Gottskálksson]] and [[Gissur Einarsson]], became disciples of [[Martin Luther]] and soon secured followers, particularly after King [[Christian III of Denmark and Norway]] declared himself for Lutheranism and began to enforce the change in his kingdom. This led to resistance and civil war on the island. [[Jón Arason]] and [[Ögmundur Pálsson]], the Catholic bishops of Skálholt and Hólar respectively, opposed the king's efforts at promoting the Reformation in Iceland. Pálsson was deported by Danish officials in 1541, but Arason decided to fight. Opposition to the Reformation effectively ended in 1550 when Arason was captured after being defeated in the [[Battle of Sauðafell]] by royalist forces under [[Daði Guðmundsson]]. Arason and his two sons were subsequently beheaded in Skálholt on |
During the [[Protestant Reformation]], Iceland adopted [[Lutheranism]] in place of [[Catholicism]]. Two men, [[Oddur Gottskálksson]] and [[Gissur Einarsson]], became disciples of [[Martin Luther]] and soon secured followers, particularly after King [[Christian III of Denmark and Norway]] declared himself for Lutheranism and began to enforce the change in his kingdom. This led to resistance and civil war on the island. [[Jón Arason]] and [[Ögmundur Pálsson]], the Catholic bishops of Skálholt and Hólar respectively, opposed the king's efforts at promoting the Reformation in Iceland. Pálsson was deported by Danish officials in 1541, but Arason decided to fight. Opposition to the Reformation effectively ended in 1550 when Arason was captured after being defeated in the [[Battle of Sauðafell]] by royalist forces under [[Daði Guðmundsson]]. Arason and his two sons were subsequently beheaded in Skálholt on 7 November 1550.{{cn|date=March 2024}} |
||
As a consequence, Catholicism was outlawed and church property was appropriated by Iceland's rulers. [[Latin]] remained the official language of the Lutheran [[Church of Iceland]] until 1686. While a good part of Catholic terminology and other externals were retained, Lutheran teachings differed considerably from Catholic doctrine. Those Catholics who refused to convert were forced into exile. Most chose [[Scotland]] as their place of exile. Catholic clergy were outlawed in Iceland for more than three centuries. |
As a consequence, Catholicism was outlawed and church property was appropriated by Iceland's rulers. [[Latin]] remained the official language of the Lutheran [[Church of Iceland]] until 1686. While a good part of Catholic terminology and other externals were retained, Lutheran teachings differed considerably from Catholic doctrine. Those Catholics who refused to convert were forced into exile. Most chose [[Scotland]] as their place of exile. Catholic clergy were outlawed in Iceland for more than three centuries.{{cn|date=March 2024}} |
||
===Revival=== |
===Revival=== |
||
[[File:Roman Catholics in Iceland.svg|right|thumb|300px|Number of Catholics in Iceland over time]] |
[[File:Roman Catholics in Iceland.svg|right|thumb|300px|Number of Catholics in Iceland over time]] |
||
The Catholic Church established on 8 December 1855 a jurisdiction under the name ''Apostolic Prefecture of the North Pole'' (Praefectura Apostolica Poli Arctici) that included Iceland. Several years later, the two French priests [[Bernard Bernard]] ( |
The Catholic Church established on 8 December 1855 a jurisdiction under the name ''Apostolic Prefecture of the North Pole'' (Praefectura Apostolica Poli Arctici) that included Iceland. Several years later, the two French priests [[Bernard Bernard]] (1821–1895) and [[Jean-Baptiste Baudoin]] (1831–1875) settled in Iceland in 1857 and 1858 respectively. They met with a difficult reception and in 1862, Bernard left the country, while Baudoin persevered until 1875. On 17 August 1869 Pope [[Pius IX]] set up an '' Apostolic Prefecture of Denmark'', which now included Iceland. Freedom of worship was enacted in 1874. After an interval, Catholic missionary efforts were resumed, with by the turn of the century a church, a school and even a hospital run by nuns.{{cn|date=March 2024}} |
||
The former jurisdiction became an ''Apostolic Vicariate of Denmark'' on March |
The former jurisdiction became an ''Apostolic Vicariate of Denmark'' on15 March 1892. Thereafter, the island territory became for the [[Catholic Church]] an independent unit, first as the ''Apostolic Prefecture of Iceland'' on23 June 1923 and then, not many years later, on6 June 1929, as the ''Apostolic Vicariate of Iceland''. It was on18 October 1968 that this entity matured into the ''[[Diocese of Reykjavík]]''. Even though the Catholic population remains small, both as a percentage of the overall population and in absolute numbers, it grew from about 450 in 1950 to 5,590 in 2004, during which time the total population grew from 140,000 to 290,000.{{cn|date=March 2024}} |
||
In the twentieth century Iceland had some notable, if at times temporary, converts to the Catholic faith. For a time [[Halldór Laxness]] was a Catholic. Although this did not last, his Catholic period is of importance due to his position in modern Icelandic literature. A more consistently Catholic writer in Icelandic was [[Jón Sveinsson]]. He moved to [[France]] at the age of 13 and became a [[Jesuit]]. He remained in the [[Society of Jesus]] for the rest of his life. He was well liked as a children's book author (though he did not write in Icelandic) and he even appeared on an Icelandic postage stamp. In 1989 [[Pope John Paul II]] visited Iceland. |
In the twentieth century Iceland had some notable, if at times temporary, converts to the Catholic faith. For a time [[Halldór Laxness]] was a Catholic. Although this did not last, his Catholic period is of importance due to his position in modern Icelandic literature. A more consistently Catholic writer in Icelandic was [[Jón Sveinsson]]. He moved to [[France]] at the age of 13 and became a [[Jesuit]]. He remained in the [[Society of Jesus]] for the rest of his life. He was well liked as a children's book author (though he did not write in Icelandic) and he even appeared on an Icelandic postage stamp. In 1989, [[Pope John Paul II]] visited Iceland.{{cn|date=March 2024}} |
||
Today, the number of Catholics in [[Iceland]], a predominantly [[Protestant]] country, comprises just under 3.81% of the population, and form the |
Today, the number of Catholics in [[Iceland]], a predominantly [[Protestant]] country, comprises just under 3.81% of the population, and form the second largest denomination in the country. The [[Diocese of Reykjavík]] covers the whole of Iceland. There is a [[Landakotskirkja|Christ the King Cathedral]] (''Dómkirkja Krists Konungs'') in Reykjavík and a number of smaller churches and chapels in the larger towns. The [[Bishop of Reykjavík (Catholic)|Bishop of Reykjavík]] participates in the [[Scandinavian Bishops Conference]]. Many of the Catholics are Central European and Filipino immigrants; if they are excluded, Catholics are about 1% of the population, the figure before immigrants started coming in large numbers.{{cn|date=March 2024}} |
||
On 17 June 2017 a new Catholic Church was consecrated in [[ |
On 17 June 2017 a new Catholic Church was consecrated in [[Reyðarfjörður]] in a ceremony led by Bishop Tencer. The church building was a gift from the [[Catholic Church in Slovakia|Slovak Catholic Church]]. The church was built from wood in Slovakia, disassembled and shipped to Reyðarfjörður where it was re-assembled. [[Robert Fico]], the [[Prime Minister of Slovakia]], attended the consecration.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/this-beautiful-church-was-a-gift-from-slovakia-to-icelandic-catholics-30152/|title=This beautiful church was a gift from Slovakia to Icelandic Catholics|work=Catholic News Agency|access-date=2017-08-22|language=en}}</ref> |
||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
| Line 34: | Line 35: | ||
*[[Bishop of Orkney]] |
*[[Bishop of Orkney]] |
||
*[[Bishop of Reykjavík (Catholic)]] |
*[[Bishop of Reykjavík (Catholic)]] |
||
*[[Diocese of Reykjavík]] |
|||
*[[Garðar, Greenland]] (list of Bishops of Garðar) |
*[[Garðar, Greenland]] (list of Bishops of Garðar) |
||
*[[Landakotskirkja]] (Christ the King Cathedral, Reykjavík, Iceland) |
*[[Landakotskirkja]] (Christ the King Cathedral, Reykjavík, Iceland) |
||
| Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
{{Subject bar |portal1= Catholicism |portal2= Iceland}} |
{{Subject bar |portal1= Catholicism |portal2= Iceland}} |
||
{{Catholicism in Europe|state=collapsed}} |
{{Catholicism in Europe|state=collapsed}} |
||
{{Christianity in Iceland}} |
|||
{{Religion in Iceland}} |
{{Religion in Iceland}} |
||
The Catholic Church in Iceland (Icelandic: Kaþólska kirkjan á Íslandi) is part of the Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope. The island is served by a single diocese, the Diocese of Reykjavík, having a total of seven parishes. As of 2015[update], the ordinary is bishop Dávid Bartimej Tencer.[1] The diocese is directly subject to the Holy See.
As of 2022[update], there are 14,723 Catholics in Iceland,[2] with 6 diocesan priests, 9 religious order priests, and 38 sisters in religious orders. Catholics represent 3.91% of the Icelandic population[2] and are growing in number rapidly.[3] The Diocese of Reykjavík covers the whole of Iceland. The diocese has a cathedral, Christ the King Cathedral (Dómkirkja Krists Konungs) in Reykjavík, and a number of smaller churches and chapels in the larger towns around the country.
 |
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this articlebyadding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Catholic Church in Iceland" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Some of the earliest inhabitants of Iceland were Irish monks, known as Papar. However, the small population was overwhelmed in the eighth and ninth centuries by migrations of Scandinavians, most of whom practised what can loosely be called Germanic paganism. Particularly through the influence of continental missionaries and pressure from the Norwegian king, Iceland officially converted in 999/1000 AD, but the Christianisation of Iceland, as with the rest of Scandinavia, was a long process, beginning before official conversion and continuing after it.[4]
Before the Reformation, there were two dioceses in Iceland, the Diocese of Skálholt (first bishop, Ísleifur Gissurarson, 1056), and the Diocese of Hólar (first bishop, Bl. Jón Ögmundsson, 1106).[citation needed]
During the Protestant Reformation, Iceland adopted Lutheranism in place of Catholicism. Two men, Oddur Gottskálksson and Gissur Einarsson, became disciples of Martin Luther and soon secured followers, particularly after King Christian III of Denmark and Norway declared himself for Lutheranism and began to enforce the change in his kingdom. This led to resistance and civil war on the island. Jón Arason and Ögmundur Pálsson, the Catholic bishops of Skálholt and Hólar respectively, opposed the king's efforts at promoting the Reformation in Iceland. Pálsson was deported by Danish officials in 1541, but Arason decided to fight. Opposition to the Reformation effectively ended in 1550 when Arason was captured after being defeated in the Battle of Sauðafell by royalist forces under Daði Guðmundsson. Arason and his two sons were subsequently beheaded in Skálholt on 7 November 1550.[citation needed]
As a consequence, Catholicism was outlawed and church property was appropriated by Iceland's rulers. Latin remained the official language of the Lutheran Church of Iceland until 1686. While a good part of Catholic terminology and other externals were retained, Lutheran teachings differed considerably from Catholic doctrine. Those Catholics who refused to convert were forced into exile. Most chose Scotland as their place of exile. Catholic clergy were outlawed in Iceland for more than three centuries.[citation needed]
The Catholic Church established on 8 December 1855 a jurisdiction under the name Apostolic Prefecture of the North Pole (Praefectura Apostolica Poli Arctici) that included Iceland. Several years later, the two French priests Bernard Bernard (1821–1895) and Jean-Baptiste Baudoin (1831–1875) settled in Iceland in 1857 and 1858 respectively. They met with a difficult reception and in 1862, Bernard left the country, while Baudoin persevered until 1875. On 17 August 1869 Pope Pius IX set up an Apostolic Prefecture of Denmark, which now included Iceland. Freedom of worship was enacted in 1874. After an interval, Catholic missionary efforts were resumed, with by the turn of the century a church, a school and even a hospital run by nuns.[citation needed]
The former jurisdiction became an Apostolic Vicariate of Denmark on 15 March 1892. Thereafter, the island territory became for the Catholic Church an independent unit, first as the Apostolic Prefecture of Iceland on 23 June 1923 and then, not many years later, on 6 June 1929, as the Apostolic Vicariate of Iceland. It was on 18 October 1968 that this entity matured into the Diocese of Reykjavík. Even though the Catholic population remains small, both as a percentage of the overall population and in absolute numbers, it grew from about 450 in 1950 to 5,590 in 2004, during which time the total population grew from 140,000 to 290,000.[citation needed]
In the twentieth century Iceland had some notable, if at times temporary, converts to the Catholic faith. For a time Halldór Laxness was a Catholic. Although this did not last, his Catholic period is of importance due to his position in modern Icelandic literature. A more consistently Catholic writer in Icelandic was Jón Sveinsson. He moved to France at the age of 13 and became a Jesuit. He remained in the Society of Jesus for the rest of his life. He was well liked as a children's book author (though he did not write in Icelandic) and he even appeared on an Icelandic postage stamp. In 1989, Pope John Paul II visited Iceland.[citation needed]
Today, the number of Catholics in Iceland, a predominantly Protestant country, comprises just under 3.81% of the population, and form the second largest denomination in the country. The Diocese of Reykjavík covers the whole of Iceland. There is a Christ the King Cathedral (Dómkirkja Krists Konungs) in Reykjavík and a number of smaller churches and chapels in the larger towns. The Bishop of Reykjavík participates in the Scandinavian Bishops Conference. Many of the Catholics are Central European and Filipino immigrants; if they are excluded, Catholics are about 1% of the population, the figure before immigrants started coming in large numbers.[citation needed]
On 17 June 2017 a new Catholic Church was consecrated in Reyðarfjörður in a ceremony led by Bishop Tencer. The church building was a gift from the Slovak Catholic Church. The church was built from wood in Slovakia, disassembled and shipped to Reyðarfjörður where it was re-assembled. Robert Fico, the Prime Minister of Slovakia, attended the consecration.[5]
Iceland|
| |
|---|---|
| Sovereign states |
|
| States with limited recognition |
|
| Dependencies and other entities |
|
| |
|
| |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eastern Christianity |
| ||||||||||||||
| Western Christianity |
| ||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
