Cheb Hasni
حسني شقرون | |
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| Birth name | Hasni Chakroun |
| Born | (1968-02-01)1 February 1968 Oran, Algeria |
| Origin | Gambetta, Oran |
| Died | 29 September 1994(1994-09-29) (aged 26) Oran, Algeria |
| Genres | Raï[1] |
| Occupation(s) | Singer |
| Years active | 1986–1994 |
Cheb Hasni (Arabic: الشاب حسني), born Hasni Chakroun (Arabic: حسني شقرون), (1 February 1968 – 29 September 1994), was an Algerian raï singer. Regarded as the "King of sentimental music" and "The legend of Raï", his contribution to music made him one of the most celebrated Algerian artist of the late 20th century[2]. He was popular across the Maghreb, having reached the height of his career in the late 1980s and early 1990s
Born to a working-class family, Cheb Hasni began his music career by performing in weddings and later in a named cabaret, La Guinguette. In 1986, he recorded a song called "El Baraka" with a female raï performer, Chaba Zahouania which catapulted him to fame. Hasni is well-known for his love songs, but he also dealt with taboo subjects such as divorce, sex, and alcohol, which challenged conservative cultural and religious norms, and lead to him receiving death threats .[3][4]
On September 29, 1994, Cheb Hasni was gunned down outside his family home. Hasni's controversial lyrical content (particularly those on the 1987 hit song "El Baraka", which contained lyrics about drunken sexual intercourse) had drawn the ire of fanatic Islamist fundamentalists in Algeria and it is speculated that he was murdered as a result. Cheb Hasni is remembered for giving a voice to the youth through his music, who felt as though they were restricted by the political and societal context of Algeria in the 90s and 80s.[4]
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Cheb Hasni was born on February 1,1968,in Oran, Algeria into a working-class family. His father was a welder and his mother a homemaker, he was one of seven children[4].He was a football player, starting at the age of 9 in a local club in Oran named ASMO. At the age of 15, he got injured and stayed in the hospital for several weeks. When he returned to the field, his weight had increased, and despite the encouragement of his coaches, he couldn't continue his sports career.[5] In addition to his passion for football, Hasni displayed an early interest in music[4]. In an interview published in the French newspaper Libération in 1992, Hasni recounted how "everyone knew me in our neighbourhood when I was a kid. I was always walking up the road with my school bag thrown off my shoulder, singing my head off".[6]
Hasni's first significant performance as a singer occurred when he attended a local wedding party, where the group led by the famous Naoui brothers was playing. Impressed by his voice, they invited him to perform on stage at a well-known cabaret, La Guinguette.The second major launching point in Hasni's career came shortly afterwards when a producer asked him to record with Raï performer Chaba Zahouania.[4]
In 1987, the pair released a provocative song by Algerian standards, "Beraka" ("The Shack"), gaining them much attention[4]. The success of "Beraka" made Hasni famous, and a controversial subject with both critics and fanatic fundamentalists already concerned over the popularity of the Raï genre.[3][4]
He got married in 1987 at the age of 19 and had only one child named Abdellah, born in 1989. His wife, whose real name is Zahzouh Malika but known as "Melouka," was the main inspiration for his greatest hits over the years, such as "Tal Ghyabek ya ghzali" and "El Bayda mon amour."
Like many other Raï artists based in Algeria, Cheb Hasni was also performing abroad (giving concerts everywhere from Paris, Marseilles, and Boston to Washington DC, Tunis, Casablanca, and Tokyo, to name a few cities) than at home, due to curfews and musical restrictions in Algeria at the time.[3] Hasni's last concert in his native country was in 1993, when he performed to an audience of over 150,000 fans in Algiers at an event organized to celebrate the thirty-first anniversary of Algeria's independence.[4]
Hasni became one of the most prolific artists on the Raï scene, producing over 100 recordings and selling 400,000 cassettes during his career.[4] His distinctive『Raï love』style soon inspired imitators, notably Cheb Nasro, who launched his career in 1988 with the hit "Pour te faire plaisir".
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Hasni's fame and controversial songs led to him receiving death threats from Islamic fundamentalist extremists. His primary residence remained in Oran, even though his family lived in the safer environment of France. On September 29, 1994, he was murdered, outside his parents' home in the Gambetta district of Oran.[3][4]
His killer's identity remains unknown but the circumstances of his death mirrored those of other individuals targeted by a militant Islamist Group, the GIA.[3] A few days before his death, the Kabyle Berber singer Lounès Matoub was abducted and later assassinated by the GIA .The following year, on 15 February 1995, Raï producer Rachid Baba-Ahmed was assassinated in Oran.[4]
Cheb Hasni's legacy is defined by his pivotal role in reshaping Raï music, a genre deeply rooted in Algerian culture. His artistic expression challenged societal norms and taboo topics, offering a voice to a frustrated youth and addressing social and political issues.[2] His global influence extended Raï music to international audiences, transcending cultural boundaries.
He continues to be referred to as an iconic figure in the Raï genre, inspiring new generations of Algerian and Maghrebi artists.[3]
He was posthumously awarded the National Order of Merit in 2017.[7]
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