CV https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/columbo-sahib-s-tomb https://www.thedailystar.net/in-focus/news/the-enduring-enigma-columbo-sahib-2018125
|
m Disambiguating links to Mughal (link changed to Mughal Empire) using DisamAssist.
|
||
Line 40: | Line 40: | ||
The cemetery is the oldest Christian burial ground in Bangladesh and dates back to early 17th century.<ref name="chowkidar">{{cite journal|last =Llewellyn-Jones | first =Dr. Rosie | author-link = | title =The Narina Cemetery, Dhaka| journal =Chowkidar| volume =13| issue =2 | pages =34-35| publisher =British Association For Cemeteries In South Asia (BACSA)| location =London| date =Autumn 2012| language =English| url =https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/chowkidar/pdf/chowkidar_13_02.pdf| issn =01416588| access-date = 10 Apr 2024 }}</ref>There are reports of an engraved inscription on a stone at the entrance, that claims that it was founded in the 16th century, but little evidence of such engraving exists today.<ref name="chowkidar"/> There are also reports that Dhaka's first church for the Christian community was established on the site of the cemetery and that priest Sebastian Manrique came to Dhaka between 1624 and 1629 and recorded that there was a church at the location of the cemetery.<ref name="Pieal">{{cite web|url=https://roar.media/bangla/main/bangladesh/narinda-cemetery-columbo-sahib|website=Roarmedia|title=The Tomb of Narinda and the Mysteries of Colombo|author=Jannatul Naym Pieal|access-date=18 November 2022|date=26 December 2018 |language=Bengali}}</ref> There are further references to a church being located at this location, including French gem merchant and traveller [[Jean Baptiste Tavernier]] who visited Dhaka in 1666, and Niccolò Menucci soon after, both referring to a church at this location. It is assumed that [[Augustinians|Portuguese Augustinians]] built the church, and that the present burial ground was originally the burial ground adjacent to the church, commonly referred to as the "church graveyard."<ref name="Pieal"/> |
The cemetery is the oldest Christian burial ground in Bangladesh and dates back to early 17th century.<ref name="chowkidar">{{cite journal|last =Llewellyn-Jones | first =Dr. Rosie | author-link = | title =The Narina Cemetery, Dhaka| journal =Chowkidar| volume =13| issue =2 | pages =34-35| publisher =British Association For Cemeteries In South Asia (BACSA)| location =London| date =Autumn 2012| language =English| url =https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/chowkidar/pdf/chowkidar_13_02.pdf| issn =01416588| access-date = 10 Apr 2024 }}</ref>There are reports of an engraved inscription on a stone at the entrance, that claims that it was founded in the 16th century, but little evidence of such engraving exists today.<ref name="chowkidar"/> There are also reports that Dhaka's first church for the Christian community was established on the site of the cemetery and that priest Sebastian Manrique came to Dhaka between 1624 and 1629 and recorded that there was a church at the location of the cemetery.<ref name="Pieal">{{cite web|url=https://roar.media/bangla/main/bangladesh/narinda-cemetery-columbo-sahib|website=Roarmedia|title=The Tomb of Narinda and the Mysteries of Colombo|author=Jannatul Naym Pieal|access-date=18 November 2022|date=26 December 2018 |language=Bengali}}</ref> There are further references to a church being located at this location, including French gem merchant and traveller [[Jean Baptiste Tavernier]] who visited Dhaka in 1666, and Niccolò Menucci soon after, both referring to a church at this location. It is assumed that [[Augustinians|Portuguese Augustinians]] built the church, and that the present burial ground was originally the burial ground adjacent to the church, commonly referred to as the "church graveyard."<ref name="Pieal"/> |
||
The cemetery originally occupied a narrow strip of land beyond the northern edge of the old [[Mughal]] city of [[Dacca]]. On the eastern edge, the cemetery was bounded by a tributary of the [[Buriganga River]] [refer the painting by [[Johann Zoffany]] below] and the its western side was bordered by gardens and jungle. From the date of establishment, the cemetery seems to have been used by Christians of a wide variety of denominations - Catholics , Armenians and various Protestants.<ref name="chowkidar"/> |
The cemetery originally occupied a narrow strip of land beyond the northern edge of the old [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] city of [[Dacca]]. On the eastern edge, the cemetery was bounded by a tributary of the [[Buriganga River]] [refer the painting by [[Johann Zoffany]] below] and the its western side was bordered by gardens and jungle. From the date of establishment, the cemetery seems to have been used by Christians of a wide variety of denominations - Catholics , Armenians and various Protestants.<ref name="chowkidar"/> |
||
In 1632, ethnic conflict peaked between the Portuguese and other nationalities and most Portuguese settlers, traders and priests were ousted on the orders of [[Shah Jahan|Emperor Shah Jahan]] and they fled to [[Hugli-Chuchura|Hooghly]]. Dhaka locals declared solidarity with the emperor and beat the parish priest, Father Bernardo, to death. It is believed that he is also buried in the cemetery.<ref name="Pieal"/> A list of the Augustinian churches established in Bengal was drawn up in 1789, but the Narinda church was not listed. It is assumed that the church was destroyed sometime between 1713 and 1789, but the cemetery remained in use thereafter.<ref name="Pieal"/> |
In 1632, ethnic conflict peaked between the Portuguese and other nationalities and most Portuguese settlers, traders and priests were ousted on the orders of [[Shah Jahan|Emperor Shah Jahan]] and they fled to [[Hugli-Chuchura|Hooghly]]. Dhaka locals declared solidarity with the emperor and beat the parish priest, Father Bernardo, to death. It is believed that he is also buried in the cemetery.<ref name="Pieal"/> A list of the Augustinian churches established in Bengal was drawn up in 1789, but the Narinda church was not listed. It is assumed that the church was destroyed sometime between 1713 and 1789, but the cemetery remained in use thereafter.<ref name="Pieal"/> |
Dhaka Christian cemetery | |
---|---|
Entrance to the cemetery on Narinda Road, Wari, Dhaka
| |
Religion | |
Affiliation | Christian |
Location | |
Location | Dhaka, Bangladesh |
Geographic coordinates | 23°42′56″N 90°25′11″E / 23.715566°N 90.419783°E / 23.715566; 90.419783 |
Architecture | |
Date established | est. 1720[1] |
300m
330yds
Christian Cemetery
The Dhaka Christian Cemetery (also known as the Narinda Cemetery) is a graveyard situated in Wari, a district of the old towninDhaka, Bangladesh. It was established by Portuguese traders in the 17th century and is still in use by members of the Dhaka Christian community. It contains two designated archaeological sites, the Columbo Sahib mausoleum and the tomb of Reverend Joseph Paget. Many of the oldest graves and mausoleums are in a state of disrepair and are being overtaken by unchecked vegetation growth and lack of maintenance, while other parts of the cemetery still see new burials taking place at regular intervals. It is open daily to visitors.
An editor has launched a copyright investigation involving this section. The text under investigation is currently hidden from public view, but is accessible in the page history. Please do not remove this notice or restore blanked content until the issue is resolved by an administrator, copyright clerk, or volunteer response agent.
The purported copyright violation copies text from https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/columbo-sahib-s-tomb (Copyvios report); as such, this page has been listed on the copyright problems page. Unless the copyright status of the text of this page or section is clarified and determined to be compatible with Wikipedia's content license, the problematic text and revisions or the entire page may be deleted one week after the time of its listing (i.e. after 11:12, 17 April 2024 (UTC)).
What can I do to resolve the issue?
![]()
Steps to list an article at Wikipedia:Copyright problems:
|
The cemetery is the oldest Christian burial ground in Bangladesh and dates back to early 17th century.[2]There are reports of an engraved inscription on a stone at the entrance, that claims that it was founded in the 16th century, but little evidence of such engraving exists today.[2] There are also reports that Dhaka's first church for the Christian community was established on the site of the cemetery and that priest Sebastian Manrique came to Dhaka between 1624 and 1629 and recorded that there was a church at the location of the cemetery.[3] There are further references to a church being located at this location, including French gem merchant and traveller Jean Baptiste Tavernier who visited Dhaka in 1666, and Niccolò Menucci soon after, both referring to a church at this location. It is assumed that Portuguese Augustinians built the church, and that the present burial ground was originally the burial ground adjacent to the church, commonly referred to as the "church graveyard."[3]
The cemetery originally occupied a narrow strip of land beyond the northern edge of the old Mughal city of Dacca. On the eastern edge, the cemetery was bounded by a tributary of the Buriganga River [refer the painting by Johann Zoffany below] and the its western side was bordered by gardens and jungle. From the date of establishment, the cemetery seems to have been used by Christians of a wide variety of denominations - Catholics , Armenians and various Protestants.[2]
In 1632, ethnic conflict peaked between the Portuguese and other nationalities and most Portuguese settlers, traders and priests were ousted on the orders of Emperor Shah Jahan and they fled to Hooghly. Dhaka locals declared solidarity with the emperor and beat the parish priest, Father Bernardo, to death. It is believed that he is also buried in the cemetery.[3] A list of the Augustinian churches established in Bengal was drawn up in 1789, but the Narinda church was not listed. It is assumed that the church was destroyed sometime between 1713 and 1789, but the cemetery remained in use thereafter.[3]
The cemetery has several distinct architectural forms related to mausoleums, grave embellishments and tombstones:
The Moorish-type gateway was built during the Mughal period using thin 'jafri bricks' (these are clearly visible where the plaster has fallen off in parts).[10] The gate would previously have led into a specific section of the graveyard, but today its location and purpose are more obscure.[11] Its position also reveals that no formal layout was maintained in the expansion of the cemetery.[3]
Graves adorned with the obelisk and urn, resemble the contemporary best-known English cemeteries in Calcutta; the Baroque character of the older and provincial cemeteries. The Indian version of the pyramid stands on a podium where the inscriptions are laid, has a less broad base, which is smoothly uplifted to an acute angled apex.[3]
The cemetery also contains a mass-grave, demarcated by a low stone fence surrounding a square area, containing the remains of Christians who succumbed to the Bengal famine of 1943. There is no plaque or reference to those interned in this grave.[12]
A large number of the tombstones have been removed from their original sites, some have been erected on the interior walls of Colombo Sahib's tomb. Only a few of the early tombs survive. A lack of stone in Dacca and its surrounds required the early builders to construct the tombs from small bricks and lime, making them susceptible to the decay from climate and the destructive creepers of the Peepul trees.[2][4]The original road layout of the cemetery has faded away with time, but it can be understood that a couple of straight roads intersected to make a path system within the network with the tombs jumbled into a group to form one or two clusters, while making it hardly visible to visitors.[citation needed].
By 1870, the river had substantially changed course leaving only a long channel of water on the cemetery's eastern side. The cemetery had expanded its borders in the early 20th century and now covers about three acres (1.2ha), a much larger area than the original burial ground. The course of the narrow river channel has long since been filled in and the cemetery is now surrounded by a high walls on all sides, large apartment buildings overlooking the eastern side and a narrow gateway entrance on the western side.[2]
The Dhaka Department of Archaeology has declared the early-18th-century mausoleum of Columbo Sahib and the 1724 tomb of Reverend Joseph Paget as two of the city's 22 heritage sites.[11] This has however not stopped the decay and crumbling of the structures.[13] The cemetery is still in use and burials take place on a regular basis. The cemetery is maintained and managed by the Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Dhaka on behalf of numerous Christian denominations.[citation needed]
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)