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| manufacturer = [[DARPA]] |
| manufacturer = [[DARPA]] |
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| year_of_creation = 2006<ref name="DARPA-press">{{cite press release|title=Crusher Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicle Unveiled|publisher=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency|date=April 28, 2006|url=http://www.rec.ri.cmu.edu/projects/crusher/Crusher_Press_Release_DARPA.pdf |
| year_of_creation = 2006<ref name="DARPA-press">{{cite press release|title=Crusher Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicle Unveiled|publisher=Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency|date=April 28, 2006|url=http://www.rec.ri.cmu.edu/projects/crusher/Crusher_Press_Release_DARPA.pdf|accessdate=18 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112072447/http://www.rec.ri.cmu.edu/projects/crusher/Crusher_Press_Release_DARPA.pdf|archive-date=12 January 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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| derived_from = Spinner<ref name=DARPA-press /> |
| derived_from = Spinner<ref name=DARPA-press /> |
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| replaced_by = |
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'''Crusher''' is a {{convert|13200|lb|kg|adj=on}}<ref name="brochure">{{cite press release|title=UPI: UGCV PerceptOR Integration|publisher=Carnegie Mellon University|url=http://www.rec.ri.cmu.edu/projects/crusher/Crusher_Brochure.pdf |
'''Crusher''' is a {{convert|13200|lb|kg|adj=on}}<ref name="brochure">{{cite press release|title=UPI: UGCV PerceptOR Integration|publisher=Carnegie Mellon University|url=http://www.rec.ri.cmu.edu/projects/crusher/Crusher_Brochure.pdf|accessdate=18 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216022023/http://www.rec.ri.cmu.edu/projects/crusher/Crusher_Brochure.pdf|archive-date=16 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[wikt:autonomous|autonomous]] off-road [[Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicle]] developed by researchers at the [[Carnegie Mellon University|Carnegie Mellon University's]] [[National Robotics Engineering Center]] for [[DARPA]].<ref name="cmu_nrec">{{cite press release|title=Carnegie Mellon's National Robotics Engineering Center Unveils Futuristic Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicles|publisher=Carnegie Mellon University|date=April 28, 2006|url=http://www.rec.ri.cmu.edu/projects/crusher/Crusher_Press_Release.pdf|accessdate=18 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922225949/http://www.rec.ri.cmu.edu/projects/crusher/Crusher_Press_Release.pdf|archive-date=22 September 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> It is a follow-up on the previous Spinner vehicle.<ref name="DARPA-press"/> DARPA's technical name for the Crusher is ''Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicle and Perceptor Integration System'',<ref name="sharkey">{{cite journal|last=Sharkey|first=Noel|title=Grounds for Discrimination: Autonomous Robot Weapons|journal=RUSI: Challenges of Autonomous Weapons|pages=87|url=http://www.rusi.org/downloads/assets/23sharkey.pdf|accessdate=18 November 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928105846/http://www.rusi.org/downloads/assets/23sharkey.pdf|archivedate=28 September 2011}}</ref> and the whole project is known by the acronym UPI, which stands for ''Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicle PerceptOR Integration''.<ref name=cmu_nrec /> |
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== Capabilities == |
== Capabilities == |
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The robot can travel over rough terrain, such as vertical walls more than {{convert|4|ft|m}} high,<ref name="brochure" /> wooded slopes, and rocky creekbeds.<ref name="sa-news">{{cite news|last=Gibbs|first=W. Wayt|title=A New Robot Rolls, and a New Prize Is Set|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=a-new-robot-rolls-and-a-n&page=1|accessdate=18 November 2010|newspaper=Scientific American|date=May 15, 2006}}</ref> It can turn 180 degrees in place, raise and lower its suspension by {{convert|30|in|cm}}, more than one-half the {{convert|49.5|in|cm}} diameter of the wheels,<ref name=brochure /> and lean to the side.<ref name="sa-news" /> The Crusher can carry {{convert|8000|lb|kg}} of combined armor and cargo.<ref name="brochure" /> According to Stephen Welby, director of DARPA's Tactical Technology Office, "This vehicle can go into places where, if you were following in a Humvee, you'd come out with spinal injuries."<ref name="foxnews">{{cite news|title=Pentagon's "Crusher" Robot Vehicle Nearly Ready to Go|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,332755,00.html|accessdate=18 November 2010|newspaper=Fox News|date=February 27, 2008}}</ref> The Crusher can see enemy troops from over {{convert|2|mi|km}} away with its cameras.<ref name="foxnews"/> The Crusher can climb up slopes of more than 40 degrees and travel with more than 30 degrees of slope to the side. When pushed to its maximum speed, the Crusher can travel at {{convert|26|mph|km/h}}, but it can only sustain that speed for less than seven seconds.<ref name=brochure /> |
The robot can travel over rough terrain, such as vertical walls more than {{convert|4|ft|m}} high,<ref name="brochure" /> wooded slopes, and rocky creekbeds.<ref name="sa-news">{{cite news|last=Gibbs|first=W. Wayt|title=A New Robot Rolls, and a New Prize Is Set|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=a-new-robot-rolls-and-a-n&page=1|accessdate=18 November 2010|newspaper=Scientific American|date=May 15, 2006}}</ref> It can turn 180 degrees in place, raise and lower its suspension by {{convert|30|in|cm}}, more than one-half the {{convert|49.5|in|cm}} diameter of the wheels,<ref name=brochure /> and lean to the side.<ref name="sa-news" /> The Crusher can carry {{convert|8000|lb|kg}} of combined armor and cargo.<ref name="brochure" /> According to Stephen Welby, director of DARPA's Tactical Technology Office, "This vehicle can go into places where, if you were following in a [[Humvee]], you'd come out with spinal injuries."<ref name="foxnews">{{cite news|title=Pentagon's "Crusher" Robot Vehicle Nearly Ready to Go|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,332755,00.html|accessdate=18 November 2010|newspaper=Fox News|date=February 27, 2008}}</ref> The Crusher can see enemy troops from over {{convert|2|mi|km}} away with its cameras.<ref name="foxnews"/> The Crusher can climb up slopes of more than 40 degrees and travel with more than 30 degrees of slope to the side. When pushed to its maximum speed, the Crusher can travel at {{convert|26|mph|km/h}}, but it can only sustain that speed for less than seven seconds.<ref name=brochure /> |
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== Construction == |
== Construction == |
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These robots have [[space frame]]s (made of [[aluminum]] and [[titanium]]) and skid plates<ref name="sa-news" /> to protect the robot from heavy blows from objects like boulders.<ref name=brochure /> The Crusher also has a hybrid engine<ref name="brochure" /><ref name="crusher-description">{{cite web|title=Crusher Description|url=http://www.rec.ri.cmu.edu/projects/crusher/description/|publisher=Carnegie-Mellon University|accessdate=18 November 2010}}</ref> capable of travelling several miles on one battery charge. The diesel engine then turns on to continue powering the Crusher and to recharge the battery module.<ref name="crusher-description"/> This diesel engine comes from a diesel [[Volkswagen Jetta]].<ref name="foxnews"/> |
These robots have [[space frame]]s (made of [[aluminum]] and [[titanium]]) and skid plates<ref name="sa-news" /> to protect the robot from heavy blows from objects like boulders.<ref name=brochure /> The Crusher also has a hybrid engine<ref name="brochure" /><ref name="crusher-description">{{cite web|title=Crusher Description|url=http://www.rec.ri.cmu.edu/projects/crusher/description/|publisher=Carnegie-Mellon University|accessdate=18 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620142726/http://www.rec.ri.cmu.edu/projects/crusher/description/|archive-date=20 June 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> capable of travelling several miles on one battery charge. The diesel engine then turns on to continue powering the Crusher and to recharge the battery module.<ref name="crusher-description"/> This diesel engine comes from a diesel [[Volkswagen Jetta]].<ref name="foxnews"/> |
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== Controls == |
== Controls == |
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The Crusher has no driving controls because it is autonomous.<ref name="sa-news" /> Instead, the operators drive the Crusher with video game controllers.<ref name="foxnews"/> While driving between its waypoints via [[Global Positioning System|GPS]], the Crusher continuously attempts to find the fastest and easiest path to its destination. For example, if it encounters an object more than {{convert|6|ft|m}} high or a gorge more than {{convert|6|ft|m}} deep, the Crusher will find a way around it.<ref name="stripes">{{cite news|last=Shane III|first=Leo|title=They call him the Crusher|url=http://www.stripes.com/news/they-call-him-the-crusher-1.75461|accessdate=18 November 2010|newspaper=Stars and Stripes|date=February 25, 2008}}</ref> |
The Crusher has no driving controls because it is autonomous.<ref name="sa-news" /> Instead, the operators drive the Crusher with video game controllers.<ref name="foxnews"/> While driving between its waypoints via [[Global Positioning System|GPS]], the Crusher continuously attempts to find the fastest and easiest path to its destination. For example, if it encounters an object more than {{convert|6|ft|m}} high or a gorge more than {{convert|6|ft|m}} deep, the Crusher will find a way around it.<ref name="stripes">{{cite news|last=Shane III|first=Leo|title=They call him the Crusher|url=http://www.stripes.com/news/they-call-him-the-crusher-1.75461|accessdate=18 November 2010|newspaper=Stars and Stripes|date=February 25, 2008}}</ref> |
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The camera system uses five 1.9 megapixel color cameras, which give an overall field of view of 200 degrees horizontally and 30 degrees vertically at a resolution of over four times that of a normal television set. Currently, the Crusher sends data back to an operator via a {{convert|1|km|mi|disp=flip}} long {{convert|1.6|mm|in|disp=flip}} wide [[fiber |
The camera system uses five 1.9 megapixel color cameras, which give an overall field of view of 200 degrees horizontally and 30 degrees vertically at a resolution of over four times that of a normal television set. Currently, the Crusher sends data back to an operator via a {{convert|1|km|mi|disp=flip}} long {{convert|1.6|mm|in|disp=flip}} wide [[fiber-optic cable]].<ref name="AATT">{{cite book|chapter=An Advanced Teleoperation Testbed|author1=Ross, Bill |author2=Bares, John |author3=Jackel, Larry |author4=Perschbacher, Mike |title=Field and Service Robotics |series=Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics |editor1=Laugier, C. |editor2=Siegwart, R. |year=2008|volume=42 |pages=278–304|doi=10.1007/978-3-540-75404-6_28 |isbn=978-3-540-75403-9 |s2cid=33129354 |url=https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00272962/file/fsr_100.pdf }}</ref> |
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== Purpose == |
== Purpose == |
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[[Category:Unmanned ground combat vehicles]] |
[[Category:Unmanned ground combat vehicles]] |
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[[Category:Carnegie Mellon |
[[Category:Carnegie Mellon Vehicles and Rovers]] |
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[[Category:DARPA]] |
[[Category:DARPA]] |
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[[Category:Proposed weapons]] |
[[Category:Proposed weapons]] |
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Crusher is a 13,200-pound (6,000 kg)[2] autonomous off-road Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicle developed by researchers at the Carnegie Mellon University's National Robotics Engineering Center for DARPA.[3] It is a follow-up on the previous Spinner vehicle.[1] DARPA's technical name for the Crusher is Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicle and Perceptor Integration System,[4] and the whole project is known by the acronym UPI, which stands for Unmanned Ground Combat Vehicle PerceptOR Integration.[3]
The robot can travel over rough terrain, such as vertical walls more than 4 feet (1.2 m) high,[2] wooded slopes, and rocky creekbeds.[5] It can turn 180 degrees in place, raise and lower its suspension by 30 inches (76 cm), more than one-half the 49.5 inches (126 cm) diameter of the wheels,[2] and lean to the side.[5] The Crusher can carry 8,000 pounds (3,600 kg) of combined armor and cargo.[2] According to Stephen Welby, director of DARPA's Tactical Technology Office, "This vehicle can go into places where, if you were following in a Humvee, you'd come out with spinal injuries."[6] The Crusher can see enemy troops from over 2 miles (3.2 km) away with its cameras.[6] The Crusher can climb up slopes of more than 40 degrees and travel with more than 30 degrees of slope to the side. When pushed to its maximum speed, the Crusher can travel at 26 miles per hour (42 km/h), but it can only sustain that speed for less than seven seconds.[2]
These robots have space frames (made of aluminum and titanium) and skid plates[5] to protect the robot from heavy blows from objects like boulders.[2] The Crusher also has a hybrid engine[2][7] capable of travelling several miles on one battery charge. The diesel engine then turns on to continue powering the Crusher and to recharge the battery module.[7] This diesel engine comes from a diesel Volkswagen Jetta.[6]
The Crusher has no driving controls because it is autonomous.[5] Instead, the operators drive the Crusher with video game controllers.[6] While driving between its waypoints via GPS, the Crusher continuously attempts to find the fastest and easiest path to its destination. For example, if it encounters an object more than 6 feet (1.8 m) high or a gorge more than 6 feet (1.8 m) deep, the Crusher will find a way around it.[8]
The camera system uses five 1.9 megapixel color cameras, which give an overall field of view of 200 degrees horizontally and 30 degrees vertically at a resolution of over four times that of a normal television set. Currently, the Crusher sends data back to an operator via a 0.62 miles (1 km) long 0.063 inches (1.6 mm) wide fiber-optic cable.[9]
The Crusher could be used for a number of missions considered highly dangerous for soldiers, such as fire support, reconnaissance, or medevac; as a supply mule; or as a sentry.[5] John Bares, one of the people on the development team for the Crusher, mentions that medevac would be a good use for the robot because it could go into the battlefield under fire to scoop up fallen soldiers.[10] There are no plans to put the Crusher vehicle into service. Instead, it will be used as the base for future unmanned vehicle designs.[11]
