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⚫ | '''CubeRover''' is a class of [[planetary rover]] with a standardized modular format meant to accelerate the pace of space exploration. The idea is equivalent to that of the successful [[CubeSat]] format, with standardized off-the-shelf components and architecture to assemble small units that will be all compatible, modular, and inexpensive.<ref name='SI Campbell 2018'> [https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/commercial/astrobotic-wins-nasa-award-produce-small-lunar-rover/ Astrobotic wins NASA award to produce small lunar rover]. Lloyd Campbell, ''Spaceflight Insider''. 18 March 2018.</ref> |
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{{Short description|Class of planetary rover}} |
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The rover class concept is being developed by [[Astrobotic Technology]] in partnership with [[Carnegie Mellon University]], and it is partly funded by NASA awards.<ref name='SI Campbell 2018'/> The [[Principal Investigator]] of the program is Andrew Horchler. In June 2019, [[Astrobotic Technology]] was awarded USD 79.5 million to carry 14 payloads to the moon including a CubeRover in July 2021.<ref name='CMU Art'>[https://www.ri.cmu.edu/carnegie-mellon-robot-art-project-to-land-on-moon-in-2021/ Carnegie Mellon Robot, Art Project To Land on Moon in 2021]. Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Institute.</ref> This would make [[Carnegie Mellon University]] the first university in the world to fully develop a lunar rover and the first American entity to successfully pilot an unmanned lunar vehicle.<ref name='CMU Art'/> |
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⚫ | The idea is to create a practical modular concept similar that used for [[CubeSat]]s and apply it to rovers, effectively creating a new standardized architecture of small modular planetary rovers with compatible parts, systems, and even instruments so that each mission can be easily tailored to its objectives.<ref name='SI Campbell 2018'/><ref name='David 2018'>[https://www.space.com/40000-astrobotic-cuberover-moon-launch-2020.html This Tiny Private CubeRover Could Reach the Moon by 2020]. Leonard David, ''Space.com''. 16 March 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.autonomousvehicletech.com/articles/64-astrobotic-to-develop-cuberover-standard-for-planetary-surface-mobility Astrobotic to develop CubeRover standard for planetary surface mobility]. Kevin Jost, ''Autonomous Vehicle Technology''. 8 May 2018.</ref> The rovers are expendable and do not use solar arrays for electrical power, depending solely on non-rechargeable batteries. This allows it to be lighter, have a larger cooling radiator panel for electronics, and have a simpler avionics design.<ref> [https://andrewtallaksen.com/2018/02/19/cuberover-2-kg-lunar-rover/ CubeRover – 2-kg Lunar Rover]. Andrew Tallaksen's blog, lead systems engineer for CubeRover. 2018.</ref> |
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⚫ | The CubeRover program intends that standardizing small rover design with a common architecture will open access to planetary bodies for companies, governments, and universities around the world at a low cost, while increasing functionality, just as the CubeSat has in Earth orbit.<ref name='David 2018'/> This would motivate other members of the space exploration community to develop new systems and instruments that are all compatible with the CubeRover's architecture.<ref name='SI Campbell 2018'/><ref name='David 2018'/> |
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{{Infobox spaceflight |
{{Infobox spaceflight |
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| name = '' |
| name = ''Andy'' |
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| names_list = <!--list of previous names if the spacecraft has been renamed.--> |
| names_list = <!--list of previous names if the spacecraft has been renamed.--> |
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<!--image of the spacecraft/mission--> |
<!--image of the spacecraft/mission--> |
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| image = <!--omit the "file" prefix--> |
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| image_caption = Astrobotic's CubeRover |
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| image_size = <!--include px/em; defaults to 220px--> |
| image_caption = |
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| image_size = <!--include px/em; defaults to 220px--> |
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<!--Basic details-->| mission_type = Technology demonstrator |
<!--Basic details--> |
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| mission_type = Technology demonstrator |
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| operator = Astrobotic Lab and Carnegie Mellon University |
| operator = Astrobotic Lab and Carnegie Mellon University |
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| COSPAR_ID = <!--spacecraft launched since 1963 only (aka NSSDC ID; eg. 1998-067A)--> |
| COSPAR_ID = <!--spacecraft launched since 1963 only (aka NSSDC ID; eg. 1998-067A)--> |
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| SATCAT = <!--satellite catalogue number, omit leading zeroes (e.g. 25544)--> |
| SATCAT = <!--satellite catalogue number, omit leading zeroes (e.g. 25544)--> |
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| website = {{URL|http://www.astrobotic.com}} |
| website = {{URL|http://www.astrobotic.com}} |
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| mission_duration = |
| mission_duration = |
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| distance_travelled = <!--How far the spacecraft travelled (if known)--> |
| distance_travelled = <!--How far the spacecraft travelled (if known)--> |
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<!--Spacecraft properties--> |
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| spacecraft = ''Andy''<ref>[https://www.ri.cmu.edu/moon-shot-web-series-profiles-glxp-teams/ "Moon Shot" Web Series Profiles GLXP Teams.] Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Institute. April 25, 2016.</ref><ref>[https://www.ri.cmu.edu/carnegie-mellon-unveils-lunar-rover-andy/ Carnegie Mellon Unveils Lunar Rover "Andy".] Carnegie Mellon University's Robotics Institute. November 24, 2014.</ref> |
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| spacecraft_type = Robotic [[lunar rover]] |
| spacecraft_type = Robotic [[lunar rover]] |
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| spacecraft_bus = CubeRover |
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| |
| spacecraft_bus = CubeRover |
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| manufacturer = Planetary Robotics Lab<ref name='Andy from PRL'/> |
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| dry_mass = {{cvt|33|kg|abbr=on}}<ref name='Andy from PRL'/> |
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| payload_mass = |
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| dimensions = Height: 103 cm <ref name='Andy from PRL'/> |
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| power = 100 W from 0.5 m<sup>2</sup> solar panel<ref name='Andy from PRL'/> |
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| launch_date = 2021 on the ''Peregrine'' lander<ref name='CMU Art'/> |
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|interplanetary = |
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|type = rover |
|type = rover |
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|object = [[Moon]] |
|object = [[Moon]] |
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|arrival_date = |
|arrival_date = |
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|location = Planned: [[ |
|location = Planned: [[Lacus Mortis]] |
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}} |
}} |
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| instruments = Two cameras with 1936 × 1456 resolution |
| instruments = Two cameras with 1936 × 1456 resolution |
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| trans_band = [[Wi-Fi]] |
| trans_band = [[Wi-Fi]] |
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}} |
}} |
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⚫ |
'''CubeRover''' is a class of [[planetary rover]] with a standardized modular format meant to accelerate the pace of space exploration. The idea is equivalent to that of the successful [[CubeSat]] format, with standardized off-the-shelf components and architecture to assemble small units that will be all compatible, modular, and inexpensive.<ref name= |
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The rover class concept is being developed by [[Astrobotic Technology]] in partnership with [[Carnegie Mellon University]], and it is partly funded by NASA awards.<ref name="SI Campbell 2018"/> A Carnegie Mellon University initiative - completely independent of NASA awards - developed ''Iris'', the first flightworthy CubeRover. It was launched on 8 January 2024 along with [[Peregrine Mission One]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Belam |first=Martin |date=2024-01-08 |title=Nasa Peregrine 1 launch: Vulcan Centaur rocket carrying Nasa moon lander lifts off in Florida – live updates |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/live/2024/jan/08/nasa-peregrine-1-launch-rocket-moon-latest-news-updates-live |access-date=2024-01-08 |work=the Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Surface operations phased out along with landing of ''Peregrine'' lander due to excessive propellant leak.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wattles |first=Jackie |last2=Fisher |first2=Kristin |date=2024-01-08 |title=Peregrine mission abandons moon landing attempt after suffering 'critical' fuel loss |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/08/world/peregrine-lunar-lander-anomaly-astrobotic-nasa-scn/index.html |access-date=2024-05-17 |work=CNN}}</ref> |
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The idea is to create a practical modular concept similar that used for [[CubeSat]]s and apply it to rovers, effectively creating a new standardized architecture of small modular planetary rovers with compatible parts, systems, and even instruments so that each mission can be easily tailored to its objectives.<ref name='SI Campbell 2018'/><ref name='David 2018'> |
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⚫ | The CubeRover program intends that standardizing small rover design with a common architecture will open access to planetary bodies for companies, governments, and universities around the world at a low cost, while increasing functionality, just as the CubeSat has in Earth orbit.<ref name='David 2018'/> This would motivate other members of the space exploration community to develop new systems and instruments that are all compatible with the CubeRover's architecture.<ref name='SI Campbell 2018'/><ref name='David 2018'/> |
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In May 2017 [[Astrobotic Technology]], in partnership with [[Carnegie Mellon University]], were selected by NASA's [[Small Business Innovation Research]] (SBIR) to receive a $125,000 award<ref>[https://www.sbir.gov/sbirsearch/detail/1425501 Cuberover for Lunar Resource Site Evaluation]. SBIR, US Government. Accessed on 8 December 2018.</ref> to develop a small lunar rover architecture capable of performing small-scale science and exploration on the Moon and other planetary surfaces. During Phase I, the team built a 2-kg rover and performed engineering studies to determine the architecture of a novel chassis, power, computing systems, software and navigation techniques. |
In May 2017 [[Astrobotic Technology]], in partnership with [[Carnegie Mellon University]], were selected by NASA's [[Small Business Innovation Research]] (SBIR) to receive a $125,000 award<ref>[https://www.sbir.gov/sbirsearch/detail/1425501 Cuberover for Lunar Resource Site Evaluation]. SBIR, US Government. Accessed on 8 December 2018.</ref> to develop a small lunar rover architecture capable of performing small-scale science and exploration on the Moon and other planetary surfaces. During Phase I, the team built a 2-kg rover and performed engineering studies to determine the architecture of a novel chassis, power, computing systems, software and navigation techniques. |
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In March 2018, the team was awarded funds to move on to Phase II,<ref name='SI Campbell 2018'/><ref name='David 2018'/> and under this agreement, Astrobotic |
In March 2018, the team was awarded funds to move on to Phase II,<ref name='SI Campbell 2018'/><ref name='David 2018'/> and under this agreement, Astrobotic will produce a flight-ready rover with a mass of approximately {{cvt|2|kg|abbr=on}} that will fly on Astrobotic's ''Peregrine'' lunar lander to the Moon in 2021.<ref name='CMU Art'/> |
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In future missions, CubeRovers may be designed to take advantage of lander-based systems to shelter for the cold lunar night, that lasts for 14 Earth days.<ref name='David 2018'/> Similarly, future larger CubeRovers may be able to incorporate thermal insulation and systems qualified for ultra-low temperatures.<ref name='David 2018'/> |
In future missions, CubeRovers may be designed to take advantage of lander-based systems to shelter for the cold lunar night, that lasts for 14 Earth days.<ref name='David 2018'/> Similarly, future larger CubeRovers may be able to incorporate thermal insulation and systems qualified for ultra-low temperatures.<ref name='David 2018'/> |
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A spinoff company was created in 2018, called CubeRover, and it is based in [[Luxembourg City, Luxembourg]].<ref name='Latrell Oct 2018'>[https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/commercial/astrobotic-spins-out-cuberover-opens-offices-in-luxembourg/ Astrobotic spins out CubeRover, opens offices in Luxembourg]. Joe Latrell, ''Spaceflight Insider''. 2 October 2018.</ref> Its President is Mike Provenzano. The company has support from Luxemburg and it is expected to collaborate with local universities and companies.<ref>[https://spacenews.com/three-american-space-startups-to-establish-offices-in-luxembourg/ Three American space startups to establish offices in Luxembourg]. Jeff Foust, ''SpaceNews''. 29 September 2018.</ref><ref>[https://medium.com/life-on-the-other-planets-whats-new/cuberover-to-develop-low-cost-revolutionary-rover-in-luxembourg-64a184ac7ef1 CubeRover to develop low-cost, revolutionary rover in Luxembourg]. Kerry Hebden, ''Asgardia''. 8 October 2018.</ref> It is hoped that it will become a hub for small planetary rover design, manufacture, and assembly, as well as a shop. |
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The first derivative of a CubeRover, a spinoff rover called Iris developed by CMU students, is planned to be deployed on the Moon in 2021 on board Astrobotic's ''Peregrine'' lander.<ref>{{cite web|last=Spice|first=Byron|url=https://www.cmu.edu/news/stories/archives/2020/may/iris-meets-milestone.html|title=Iris Lunar Rover Meets Milestone for Flight|work=Carnegie Mellon University News|date=14 May 2020|accessdate=31 May 2020}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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*[https://cuberover.com/ CubeRover official web site] |
*[https://cuberover.com/ CubeRover official web site] |
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⚫ | *[https://www.astrobotic.com/2017/5/4/astrobotic-to-develop-cuberover-standard-for-planetary-surface-mobility Astrobotic to Develop CubeRover Standard for Planetary Surface Mobility]. Astrobotic Technology. Press release on 4 May 2017. |
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*[https://irislunarrover.space/ Iris Lunar Rover official web site] |
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⚫ |
*[https://www.astrobotic.com/2017/5/4/astrobotic-to-develop-cuberover-standard-for-planetary-surface-mobility Astrobotic to Develop CubeRover Standard for Planetary Surface Mobility] |
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*[https://www.astrobotic.com/2018/9/27/cuberover-to-develop-next-generation-planetary-rovers-in-luxembourg CubeRover to Develop Next Generation Planetary Rovers in Luxembourg]. Astrobotic Technology, press release on 27 September 2018. |
*[https://www.astrobotic.com/2018/9/27/cuberover-to-develop-next-generation-planetary-rovers-in-luxembourg CubeRover to Develop Next Generation Planetary Rovers in Luxembourg]. Astrobotic Technology, press release on 27 September 2018. |
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* {{cite news |title=Astrobotic's Cuberover Program Awarded $2 Million Contract By NASA |date=October 2, 2019 |work=Astrobiotic |url=https://www.astrobotic.com/2019/10/2/astrobotic-s-cuberover-program-awarded-2-million-contract-by-nasa |access-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-date=October 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030221035/https://www.astrobotic.com/2019/10/2/astrobotic-s-cuberover-program-awarded-2-million-contract-by-nasa |url-status=dead }} |
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{{Lunar Rovers}} |
{{Lunar Rovers}} |
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[[Category:Lunar rovers]] |
[[Category:Lunar rovers]] |
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[[Category:Space robots]] |
[[Category:Space robots]] |
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[[Category:Peregrine Payloads]] |
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