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{{short description|Island group in Red Sea}} |
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{{Infobox islands |
{{Infobox islands |
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| name = Dahlak Archipelago |
| name = Dahlak Archipelago |
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| major_islands = [[Dahlak Kebir]], Dhuladhiya, Dissei, Dohul (Dehil), Erwa |
| major_islands = [[Dahlak Kebir]], Dhuladhiya, Dissei, Dohul (Dehil), Erwa |
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| waterbody = [[Red Sea]] |
| waterbody = [[Red Sea]] |
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| pushpin_map = Eritrea |
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| pushpin_label_position = right |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Dahlak Archipelago off the coast of Eritrea |
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| pushpin_relief = 1 |
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⚫ | | coordinates = {{coord|15|50|N|40|12|E|region:ER_type:isle|display=title,inline}} |
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| country = {{ERI}} |
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| population = c. 3,000 |
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| languages = [[Dahalik language|Dahalik]] |
| languages = [[Dahalik language|Dahalik]] |
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|native_name=}} |
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}} |
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The '''Dahlak Archipelago''' is an [[island group]] located in the [[Red Sea]] |
The '''Dahlak Archipelago''' is an [[Eritrea|Eritrean]] [[island group]] located in the [[Red Sea]], measuring around 643 [[Square kilometre|square km]] (248 [[Square mile|square miles]]) and lying roughly 58 [[Kilometre|kilometers]] (31 [[Nautical mile|nautical miles]],36 [[Mile|miles]]) east of [[Massawa]], the regional capital city. Consisting of two larger and 124 smaller islands, the local [[pearl fisheries]] of the [[archipelago]] have been famous since [[Roman Empire|Roman]] times, and still produce a substantial number of [[Pearl|pearls]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://m.traveller24.com/Explore/Islands/eritreas-dahlak-archipelago-islands-are-so-remote-theres-almost-no-tourism-20190602 | title=Eritrea's Dahlak Archipelago Islands are so remote, there's almost no tourism| date=2 June 2019}}</ref> |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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Only |
Only three of the islands are permanently inhabited, with [[Dahlak Kebir]] being the largest and most populated. Other islands of the archipelago are Dhuladhiya, Dissei, Dohul (Dehil), Erwa, Harat, [[Harmil]], Isra-Tu, [[Nahaleg]], [[Nakura]], [[Nora (island)|Nora]] (Norah) and Shumma; besides Dahlak Kebir, only Nora and Dohul are permanently inhabited. The islands and surrounding seas are home to a high [[biodiversity]] of flora and fauna, particularly marine life and sea, shore and wading birds. These ecological treasures attract an increasing number of [[Tourism in Eritrea|tourists]]. Residents of the archipelago speak [[Dahlik language|Dahlik]] and maintain a traditional way of life, including fishing, shepherding and raising [[Dromedary|camels]]. The islands can be reached by boat from [[Massawa]] and are popular with scuba divers and snorkellers.<ref name="eritrea.be" /> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[File:WELLSTED(1838) p2.937 DHALAC EL KEBEER.jpg|thumbnail|left|185px|Map of the development of the Dahlak Islands (1838).]] |
[[File:WELLSTED(1838) p2.937 DHALAC EL KEBEER.jpg|thumbnail|left|185px|Map of the development of the Dahlak Islands (1838).]] |
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[[G.W.B. Huntingford]] has identified with the Dahlak archipelago a group of islands near [[Adulis]] called "Alalaiou" in the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'' which were a source of tortoise shell. According to [[Edward Ullendorff]], the Dahlak islanders were amongst the first in the [[Horn of Africa]] to embrace [[Islam]], and a number of tombstones in [[Kufic]] script attest to this early connection.<ref name=eritrea.be/> |
[[G.W.B. Huntingford]] has identified with the Dahlak archipelago a group of islands near [[Adulis]] called "Alalaiou" in the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'' which were a source of tortoise shell. According to [[Edward Ullendorff]], the Dahlak islanders were amongst the first people in the [[Horn of Africa]] to embrace [[Islam]], and a number of tombstones in [[Kufic]] script attest to this early connection.<ref name=eritrea.be/> |
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[[File:Dahlak tombstone.jpg|thumbnail|left|185 px|Tombstone from Dahlak<ref>{{Cite web |title=tombstone {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1928-0305-1 |access-date=2022-03-13 |website=The British Museum |language=en}}</ref> dated to early 13th century AD in the British Museum]] |
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In the 7th century, |
In the 7th century, the [[Sultanate of Dahlak]] emerged in the archipelago. However, it was subsequently conquered by [[Yemen]], then by the [[Ethiopian Empire]]. In 1517 the [[Ottoman Turks]] conquered the islands and placed them under the rule of the [[Pasha]] at [[Suakin]] as part of the province of [[Habesh]].<ref name=eritrea.be>{{cite web |url=http://www.eritrea.be/old/eritrea-dahlaks.htm |title=The Dahlak Archipelago |publisher=Eritrea.be |access-date=24 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130110554/http://www.eritrea.be/old/eritrea-dahlaks.htm |archive-date=30 November 2016 }}</ref> By 1526 the Dahalik sultan, Ahmad, had been degraded to a tributary. There was a short revival of the sultanate during the [[Abyssinian-Adal war]], where the [[sultanate of Adal]] waged a temporarily successful [[jihad]] with the help of cannons and guns from the Ottomans against the [[Ethiopian Empire]]. Sultan Ahmad joined the Adal Empire and was rewarded with the port town of [[Arkiko]], which before the war had belonged to Medri Bahri. However, in 1541, one year after the death of sultan Ahmad, the Portuguese returned and destroyed Dahlak yet again. Sixteen years later, the islands were occupied by the [[Ottoman Empire]] again, who made them part of the [[Habesh Eyalet]]. |
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The [[Italy|Italian]] colony of [[Eritrea]], formed in 1890, included the archipelago. However, during this time the islands were home to little except the [[Nocra prison camp]] operated by the Italian colonial forces.<ref name=eritrea.be/> |
The [[Italy|Italian]] colony of [[Eritrea]], formed in 1890, included the archipelago. However, during this time the islands were home to little except the [[Nocra prison camp]] operated by the Italian colonial forces.<ref name=eritrea.be/> |
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==Ecology== |
==Ecology== |
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Some of the islands are fringed with mangroves and others with salt brush scrub. The coral reefs and shoals that surround the islands are rich in marine life, and many sea birds visit the area. Dolphins, dugongs, sharks and turtles can be seen as well as a great variety of invertebrates.<ref name=eritrea.be/> |
Some of the islands are fringed with mangroves and others with salt brush scrub. The coral reefs and shoals that surround the islands are rich in marine life, and many sea birds visit the area. Dolphins, dugongs, sharks, and turtles can be seen as well as a great variety of invertebrates.<ref name=eritrea.be/> |
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{{Clear|right}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Sultanate of Dahlak]] |
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* [[Dahlak Marine National Park]] |
* [[Dahlak Marine National Park]] |
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* [[Dahalik languages]] |
* [[Dahalik languages]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://www.dahlak.eu Dahlak – Reef pearls of the Red Sea] – Dahlak Islands informative site |
* [http://www.dahlak.eu Dahlak – Reef pearls of the Red Sea] – Dahlak Islands informative site |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Dahlak Archipelago| ]] |
[[Category:Dahlak Archipelago| ]] |
Location of Dahlak Archipelago off the coast of Eritrea | |
Geography | |
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Coordinates | 15°50′N 40°12′E / 15.833°N 40.200°E / 15.833; 40.200 |
Adjacent to | Red Sea |
Major islands | Dahlak Kebir, Dhuladhiya, Dissei, Dohul (Dehil), Erwa |
Administration | |
Demographics | |
Population | c. 3,000 |
Languages | Dahalik |
The Dahlak Archipelago is an Eritrean island group located in the Red Sea, measuring around 643 square km (248 square miles) and lying roughly 58 kilometers (31nautical miles, 36 miles) east of Massawa, the regional capital city. Consisting of two larger and 124 smaller islands, the local pearl fisheries of the archipelago have been famous since Roman times, and still produce a substantial number of pearls.[1]
Only three of the islands are permanently inhabited, with Dahlak Kebir being the largest and most populated. Other islands of the archipelago are Dhuladhiya, Dissei, Dohul (Dehil), Erwa, Harat, Harmil, Isra-Tu, Nahaleg, Nakura, Nora (Norah) and Shumma; besides Dahlak Kebir, only Nora and Dohul are permanently inhabited. The islands and surrounding seas are home to a high biodiversity of flora and fauna, particularly marine life and sea, shore and wading birds. These ecological treasures attract an increasing number of tourists. Residents of the archipelago speak Dahlik and maintain a traditional way of life, including fishing, shepherding and raising camels. The islands can be reached by boat from Massawa and are popular with scuba divers and snorkellers.[2]
G.W.B. Huntingford has identified with the Dahlak archipelago a group of islands near Adulis called "Alalaiou" in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea which were a source of tortoise shell. According to Edward Ullendorff, the Dahlak islanders were amongst the first people in the Horn of Africa to embrace Islam, and a number of tombstones in Kufic script attest to this early connection.[2]
In the 7th century, the Sultanate of Dahlak emerged in the archipelago. However, it was subsequently conquered by Yemen, then by the Ethiopian Empire. In 1517 the Ottoman Turks conquered the islands and placed them under the rule of the PashaatSuakin as part of the province of Habesh.[2] By 1526 the Dahalik sultan, Ahmad, had been degraded to a tributary. There was a short revival of the sultanate during the Abyssinian-Adal war, where the sultanate of Adal waged a temporarily successful jihad with the help of cannons and guns from the Ottomans against the Ethiopian Empire. Sultan Ahmad joined the Adal Empire and was rewarded with the port town of Arkiko, which before the war had belonged to Medri Bahri. However, in 1541, one year after the death of sultan Ahmad, the Portuguese returned and destroyed Dahlak yet again. Sixteen years later, the islands were occupied by the Ottoman Empire again, who made them part of the Habesh Eyalet.
The Italian colony of Eritrea, formed in 1890, included the archipelago. However, during this time the islands were home to little except the Nocra prison camp operated by the Italian colonial forces.[2]
After Ethiopia allied itself with the Soviet Union during the Cold War, following the rise of the Derg, the Dahlak Archipelago was the location of a Soviet Navy base.[4] In 1990, Ethiopia lost control of the Dahlak Archipelago and the northern Eritrean coast to the Eritrean independence movement (EPLF) and by 1991 Ethiopia had lost control of all of Eritrea.[2] Following the international recognition of Eritrean independence in 1993, the Dahlak Archipelago became a part of Eritrea.[5]
Some of the islands are fringed with mangroves and others with salt brush scrub. The coral reefs and shoals that surround the islands are rich in marine life, and many sea birds visit the area. Dolphins, dugongs, sharks, and turtles can be seen as well as a great variety of invertebrates.[2]
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Geographic |
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