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[[G.W.B. Huntingford]] has identified with the Dahlak archipelago a group of islands near [[Adulis]] called "Alalaiou" in the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'' which were a source of tortoise shell. According to [[Edward Ullendorff]], the Dahlak islanders were amongst the first in the [[Horn of Africa]] to embrace [[Islam]], and a number of tombstones in [[Kufic]] script attest to this early connection.<ref name=eritrea.be/> |
[[G.W.B. Huntingford]] has identified with the Dahlak archipelago a group of islands near [[Adulis]] called "Alalaiou" in the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'' which were a source of tortoise shell. According to [[Edward Ullendorff]], the Dahlak islanders were amongst the first in the [[Horn of Africa]] to embrace [[Islam]], and a number of tombstones in [[Kufic]] script attest to this early connection.<ref name=eritrea.be/> |
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In the 7th century, an [[Sultanate of Dahlak|independent Muslim state]] emerged in the archipelago. However, it was subsequently conquered by [[Yemen]], then intermittently by the Kingdom of [[Medri Bahri]] (Land of the Sea). In 1517 the [[Ottoman Turks]] conquered the islands and placed them under the rule of the [[Pasha]] at [[Suakin]] as part of the province of [[Habesh]].<ref name=eritrea.be>{{cite web |url=http://www.eritrea.be/old/eritrea-dahlaks.htm |title=The Dahlak Archipelago |publisher=Eritrea.be | |
In the 7th century, an [[Sultanate of Dahlak|independent Muslim state]] emerged in the archipelago. However, it was subsequently conquered by [[Yemen]], then intermittently by the Kingdom of [[Medri Bahri]] (Land of the Sea). In 1517 the [[Ottoman Turks]] conquered the islands and placed them under the rule of the [[Pasha]] at [[Suakin]] as part of the province of [[Habesh]].<ref name=eritrea.be>{{cite web |url=http://www.eritrea.be/old/eritrea-dahlaks.htm |title=The Dahlak Archipelago |publisher=Eritrea.be |access-date=24 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130110554/http://www.eritrea.be/old/eritrea-dahlaks.htm |archive-date=30 November 2016 }}</ref> |
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The [[Italy|Italian]] colony of [[Eritrea]], formed in 1890, included the archipelago. However, during this time the islands were home to little except the [[Nocra prison camp]] operated by the Italian colonial forces.<ref name=eritrea.be/> |
The [[Italy|Italian]] colony of [[Eritrea]], formed in 1890, included the archipelago. However, during this time the islands were home to little except the [[Nocra prison camp]] operated by the Italian colonial forces.<ref name=eritrea.be/> |
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After Ethiopia allied itself with the [[Soviet Union]] during the Cold War, following the rise of the [[Derg]], the Dahlak Archipelago was the location of a [[Soviet Navy]] base.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://memory.loc.gov/frd/etsave/et_05_02.html|title=Ethiopia: The Armed Forces| |
After Ethiopia allied itself with the [[Soviet Union]] during the Cold War, following the rise of the [[Derg]], the Dahlak Archipelago was the location of a [[Soviet Navy]] base.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://memory.loc.gov/frd/etsave/et_05_02.html|title=Ethiopia: The Armed Forces|access-date=25 October 2006|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224140441/http://memory.loc.gov/frd/etsave/et_05_02.html|archive-date=24 December 2007}}</ref> In 1990, Ethiopia lost control of the Dahlak Archipelago and the northern Eritrean coast to the Eritrean independence movement ([[EPLF]]) and by 1991 Ethiopia had lost control of all of Eritrea.<ref name=eritrea.be/> Following the international recognition of Eritrean independence in 1993, the Dahlak Archipelago became a part of Eritrea.<ref>{{cite news |title=Eritrea celebrates 25 years of independence after war with Ethiopia |author=Harper, Mary |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36358235 |newspaper=BBC News |date=24 May 2016 |access-date=24 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915152534/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36358235 |archive-date=15 September 2016 }}</ref> |
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==Ecology== |
==Ecology== |
Geography | |
---|---|
Adjacent to | Red Sea |
Major islands | Dahlak Kebir, Dhuladhiya, Dissei, Dohul (Dehil), Erwa |
Demographics | |
Population | c. 3000 |
Languages | Dahalik |
The Dahlak Archipelago is an island group located in the Red Sea near Massawa, Eritrea. It consists of two large and 124 small islands. The pearl fisheries of the archipelago have been famous since Roman times and still produce a substantial number of pearls.[1]
Only four of the islands are permanently inhabited, of which Dahlak Kebir is the largest and most populated. Other islands of the archipelago are Dhuladhiya, Dissei, Dohul (Dehil), Erwa, Harat, Harmil, Isra-Tu, Nahaleg, Nakura, Nora (Norah) and Shumma, although only Nora and Dohul are permanently inhabited, besides the main island. The islands are home to a diverse marine life and sea-birds, and attract an increasing number of tourists. Residents of the archipelago speak Dahlik, and maintain a traditional way of life including fishing and herding goats and camels. The islands can be reached by boat from Massawa and are popular with scuba divers and snorkellers.[2]
G.W.B. Huntingford has identified with the Dahlak archipelago a group of islands near Adulis called "Alalaiou" in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea which were a source of tortoise shell. According to Edward Ullendorff, the Dahlak islanders were amongst the first in the Horn of Africa to embrace Islam, and a number of tombstones in Kufic script attest to this early connection.[2]
In the 7th century, an independent Muslim state emerged in the archipelago. However, it was subsequently conquered by Yemen, then intermittently by the Kingdom of Medri Bahri (Land of the Sea). In 1517 the Ottoman Turks conquered the islands and placed them under the rule of the PashaatSuakin as part of the province of Habesh.[2]
The Italian colony of Eritrea, formed in 1890, included the archipelago. However, during this time the islands were home to little except the Nocra prison camp operated by the Italian colonial forces.[2]
After Ethiopia allied itself with the Soviet Union during the Cold War, following the rise of the Derg, the Dahlak Archipelago was the location of a Soviet Navy base.[3] In 1990, Ethiopia lost control of the Dahlak Archipelago and the northern Eritrean coast to the Eritrean independence movement (EPLF) and by 1991 Ethiopia had lost control of all of Eritrea.[2] Following the international recognition of Eritrean independence in 1993, the Dahlak Archipelago became a part of Eritrea.[4]
Some of the islands are fringed with mangroves and others with salt brush scrub. The coral reefs and shoals that surround the islands are rich in marine life, and many sea birds visit the area. Dolphins, dugongs, sharks and turtles can be seen as well as a great variety of invertebrates.[2]
15°50′N 40°12′E / 15.833°N 40.200°E / 15.833; 40.200