December 1931: Difference between revisions

{{short description|Month of 1931}}

[[File:Soviet calendar 1933 color.jpg|230px|thumb|left|December 1, 1931: Soviet Union institutes new six-day week policy, allowing workers and children one day off (marked in blue) for every five days worked]]

[[File:Arkansas senator. Washington, D.C., March 11. Senator Hattie W. Caraway, Democrat of Arkansas, from a new informal picture made in her office at the Capitol today, 3-11-40 LCCN2016877256 (cropped).jpg|300px|thumb|Hattie Caraway sworn into office as United States Senator for Arkansas, only the second woman to hold office in the U.S. Senate]]

[[File:Christ saviour explosion.jpg|230px|thumb|left|December 5, 1931: Soviet government tears down Moscow's [[Cathedral of Christ the Savior]] to make way for planned [[Palace of the Soviets]], never constructed]]

==December 1, 1931 (Tuesday)==

*A revision in the [[Soviet calendar]] went into effect, replacing the five-day work week with a new six-day system.<ref>{{cite news |date=November 24, 1931 |title=Russia Abandons 5 Day Week for One of Six Days | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=1 }}</ref>

*The second [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Round Table Conference]] on India broke off in London without success.<ref>{{cite news |date=December 1, 1931 |title=Gandhi is Ready to Renew Strife as Parley Fails | work=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]] |page=1 }}</ref>

==December 2, 1931 (Wednesday)==

*[[1931 New Zealand general election|A general election]] was held in New Zealand; the [[United/Reform Coalition]] lost some seats but remained in power.

*'''Born:'''

**[[Nigel Calder]], Scottish science writer and documentary producer; in [[Edinburgh]] (d. 2014)

**[[Edwin Meese]], United States Attorney General from 1985 to 1988; in [[Oakland, California]]

**[[Gareth Wigan]], British-born American producer, talent agent and filmmaker; in [[London]] (d. 2010)

==December 3, 1931 (Thursday)==

*[[Alka-Seltzer]] was first brought on the market by the [[Miles Laboratories|Dr. Miles Medical Company]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.themountaineagle.com/news/2014-12-03/Features/AlkaSeltzer_82_years_old.html |title=Alka-Seltzer 82 years old |date=December 3, 2014 |website=[[The Mountain Eagle (newspaper)|The Mountain Eagle]] |access-date=May 22, 2015 }}</ref>

*The film ''[[Blonde Crazy]]'' starring [[James Cagney]] was released.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://immortalephemera.com/21887/smart-money-1931-robinson-and-cagney/ |title=Smart Money (1931) Starring Edward G. Robinson and James Cagney |last=Aliperti |first=Cliff |date=August 14, 2012 |website=Immortal Ephemera |access-date=May 22, 2015 }}</ref>

*'''Born:''' [[Jaye P. Morgan]] (stage name for Mary Margaret Morgan), American singer and actress; in [[Mancos, Colorado]]

==December 4, 1931 (Friday)==

*[[Adolf Hitler]] gave an interview to British and American press at the [[Hotel Kaiserhof (Berlin)|Hotel Kaiserhof]] in Berlin.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bonhoeffer |first=Dietrich |date=2012 |title=Ecumenical, Academic, and Pastoral Work, 1931–1932 |publisher=Augsburg Fortress Press |page=132 |isbn=978-0-8006-9838-6 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chroniknet.de/daly_de.0.html?datum=4.12.1931&year=1931&month=12&day=4 |title=Tageseinträge für 4. Dezember 1931 |website=chroniknet |access-date=May 22, 2015 }}</ref> "It will not be necessary for me to seize power through a coup d'état", Hitler said. "It will be mine within a short time, anyway, since every election brings my party closer to an absolute majority."<ref>{{cite news |last=Schultz |first=Sigrid |author-link=Sigrid Schultz |date=December 5, 1931 |title=Hitler Pledges to Pay Berlin's Debts to World | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=3 }}</ref>

==December 5, 1931 (Saturday)==

*The [[Mahatma Gandhi]] left England to head back to India. "I return with a clear conscience", Gandhi said. "I have explored and exhausted every approach to peace."<ref>{{cite news |date=December 5, 1931 |title=His Conscience Clear, Gandhi Sails for Home | work=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]] |page=1 }}</ref> That evening in Paris, Gandhi gave a speech at the [[Magic-City]] dance hall and took questions from the audience of 2,000 people.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reporting-and-essays/when-paris-met-mahatma |title=When Paris Met The Mahatma |last=Kamdar |first=Mira |date=December 1, 2011 |website=[[The Caravan]] |access-date=May 22, 2015 }}</ref>

*The [[Montreal AAA Winged Wheelers]] defeated the [[Saskatchewan Roughriders|Regina Roughriders]] 22–0 to win the [[19th Grey Cup|Grey Cup]] of Canadian football.

*The [[Cathedral of Christ the Saviour]] in Moscow was demolished. The [[Palace of the Soviets]] was intended to be built in its place but never completed. At the end of the 20th century, after the fall of Communism, the cathedral would be rebuilt in the same spot and with the same architectural plans, and opened in 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chroniknet.de/daly_de.0.html?datum=5.12.1931&year=1931&month=12&day=5 |title=Tageseinträge für 5. Dezember 1931 |website=chroniknet |access-date=May 22, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://io9.com/5981106/the-strange-history-of-the-moscow-cathedral-that-couldnt-be-destroyed |title=The Strange History of the Moscow Cathedral That Couldn't Be Destroyed |last=Miklós |first=Vincze |date=February 4, 2013 |website=[[io9]] |access-date=May 22, 2015 }}</ref>

*'''Died:''' [[Vachel Lindsay]], 52, well-known American poet, killed himself by drinking a bottle of [[potassium hydroxide]] or [[lye]].

==December 6, 1931 (Sunday)==

*Five coal miners were killed in an explosion, and 14 injured in Transylvaniain [[Romania]].<ref>{{cite news |date=December 7, 1931 |title=Coal Mine Blast Kills 5, Injures 14 in Transylvania | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=15 }}</ref>

==December 7, 1931 (Monday)==

*The resignation of [[Giovanni Giuriati]] as Secretary of the National Fascist Party was announced in Italy; [[Achille Starace]] was appointed to replace him.<ref>{{cite news |last=Darrah |first=David |date=December 8, 1931 |title=Duce Makes War Hero Chief Aid in Fascist Party | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=8 }}</ref>

*The [[John Ford]]-directed drama film ''[[Arrowsmith (film)|Arrowsmith]]'' premiered at the [[Gaiety Theatre (New York City)|Gaiety Theatre]] in New York City.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holston |first=Kim R. |date=2013 |title=Movie Roadshows: A History and Filmography of Reserved-Seat Limited Showings, 1911–1973 |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc. |page=73 |isbn=978-0-7864-6062-5 }}</ref>

==December 8, 1931 (Tuesday)==

[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1989-0630-504, Heinrich Brüning.jpg|120px|thumb|Chancellor Bruening]]

*German President [[Paul von Hindenburg]] signed Chancellor [[Heinrich Brüning]]'s enormous 46-page emergency decree into law, slashing prices, wages and rents across the board in an effort to reverse inflation.<ref>{{cite news |date=December 9, 1931 |title=Slash All Pay in Germany | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=1 }}</ref>

*[[Hattie Caraway]] of Arkansas was sworn in as a United States senator, filling the vacancy left by her late husband [[Thaddeus H. Caraway|Thaddeus]]. This made Caraway the second woman in history to serve in the U.S. Senate, after [[Rebecca Latimer Felton]] in 1922, although Felton's service had consisted of only a single day and was largely symbolic.<ref>{{cite news |date=November 14, 1931 |title=Mrs. Caraway is Appointed to SeatinSenate |journal=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=3 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Herrick |first=Genevieve Forbes |date=December 9, 1931 |title=Hattie Caraway Takes Her Oath as U. S. Senator | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=7 }}</ref> In 1932, while serving out the remainder of her late husband's term, she became the first woman to be elected as a U.S. Senator.

*Herbert Hoover delivered the annual [[State of the Union]] message to Congress. The message reviewed the worldwide [[Great Depression|depression]] and laid out the measures the government was taking to alleviate the crisis, but made no mention of [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Henning |first=Arthur Sears |date=December 9, 1931 |title=Message Held Key to Hoover 1932 Campaign | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=1 }}</ref>

==December 9, 1931 (Wednesday)==

*The Spanish [[Constituent Cortes|Constituent Assembly]] approved the new [[Spanish Constitution of 1931|Spanish Constitution]].<ref name="musiciandhistory">{{cite web |url=http://musicandhistory.com/music-and-history-by-the-year/192-1931.html |title=1931 |website=Music And History |access-date=May 22, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828144201/http://www.musicandhistory.com/music-and-history-by-the-year/192-1931.html |archive-date=August 28, 2012 }}</ref>

*'''Born:''' [[Ladislav Smoljak]], film and theatre director, actor and screenwriter, in [[Prague]], [[Czechoslovakia]] (d. 2010)

==December 10, 1931 (Thursday)==

*The 1931 [[Nobel Prize]]s were awarded in [[Stockholm]]. The recipients were [[Carl Bosch]] and [[Friedrich Bergius]] of Germany for [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]], [[Otto Heinrich Warburg]] of Germany ([[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]]) and [[Erik Axel Karlfeldt]] of Sweden ([[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]]). The [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace Prize]] was awarded in [[Oslo]] to [[Jane Addams]] and [[Nicholas Murray Butler]] of the United States. The Physics Prize was not awarded that year.<ref name="chronicle of the 20th c.">{{cite book |last=Mercer |first=Derrik |date=1989 |title=Chronicle of the 20th Century |location=London |publisher=Chronicle Communications Ltd. |page=408 |isbn=978-0-582-03919-3 }}</ref>

*In [[Clarksburg, West Virginia]], [[Harry Powers]] was convicted of first degree murder, which automatically carried a sentence of the death penalty.<ref>{{cite news |date=December 11, 1931 |title=Convict Bluebeard; to Hang | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=1 }}</ref> He would be hanged on March 18.

*The final [[D. W. Griffith]]-directed film, ''[[The Struggle (1931 film)|The Struggle]]'', was released.<ref>{{cite book |last=Simmon |first=Scott |date=1993 |title=The Films of D. W. Griffith |location=New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=170 |isbn=978-0-521-38820-7 }}</ref>

==December 11, 1931 (Friday)==

*[[Niceto Alcalá-Zamora]] was sworn in as the first [[Prime Minister of Spain|President of the Second Republic]] of Spain.<ref>{{cite news |last=Allen |first=Jay |date=December 12, 1931 |title=First President of Spaim Seated Amid Royal Echo | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=11 }}</ref>

*The [[Chicago Cubs]] traded [[Hack Wilson]] and [[Bud Teachout]] to the [[St. Louis Cardinals]] for [[Burleigh Grimes]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/w/wilsoha01.shtml |title=Hack Wilson |website=[[Baseball-Reference.com]] |access-date=May 22, 2015 }}</ref>

*'''Born:''' [[Rita Moreno]] (stage name for Rosa Alverio), Puerto Rican film, stage and TV actress and singer, winner of the Oscar, Tony, Emmy and Grammy awards; in [[Humacao, Puerto Rico]]

==December 12, 1931 (Saturday)==

*Mahatma Gandhi met with [[Benito Mussolini]] in Rome. The two talked for half an hour through an interpreter.<ref>{{cite news |last=Darrah |first=David |date=December 13, 1931 |title=Pope Declines to See Gandhi in his Loin Cloth | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=13 }}</ref>

*[[Army Black Knights football|Army]] defeated [[Navy Midshipmen football|Navy]] 17–7 in the [[Army–Navy Game]] at [[Yankee Stadium (1923)|Yankee Stadium]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Pegler |first=Westbrook |date=December 13, 1931 |title=Service Teams Raise $400,000 for Jobless | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=Part 2, p. 1 }}</ref>

==December 13, 1931 (Sunday)==

*[[Winston Churchill]] was hit by a car driven by [[Edward F. Cantasano]] while crossing [[Fifth Avenue]] in New York City. Churchill went to the hospital with some bruises and cuts but was discharged the following week. Cantasano was not charged because Churchill took full responsibility for the accident, having crossed against the light and forgotten which side of the road automobiles drive on in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/07/nyregion/thecity/07fyi.html?_r=0 |title=Not His Finest Hour |last=Pollak |first=Michael |date=May 7, 2006 |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=May 22, 2015 }}</ref>

==December 14, 1931 (Monday)==

*[[Walter Pfrimer]] and seven other ''[[Heimwehr]]'' leaders went on trial for high treason in [[Graz]], Austria over the September 13 Styrian revolt.<ref name="gulick">{{cite book |last=Gulick |first=Charles Adams |date=1948 |title=Austria from Habsburg to Hitler, Volume 2 |location=Berkeley and Los Angeles |publisher=University of California Press |pages=969–970 }}</ref>

*'''Born:''' [[Arsenio Laurel]], Philippine race car driver, in [[Tanauan, Batangas]] (killed in racing accident, 1967)

==December 15, 1931 (Tuesday)==

[[File:Chiang1933.jpg|120px|thumb|Chiang Kai-shek]]

[[File:Lin Sen.jpg|120px|thumb|President Lin Sen]]

*[[Chiang Kai-shek]] resigned as [[President of the Republic of China]] and was succeeded by [[Lin Sen]].<ref>{{cite news |date=December 16, 1931 |title=Thousands Riot in China Capital; President Quits | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=11 }}</ref>

*'''Born:''' [[Evald Schorm]], Czechoslovakian film and stage director, screenwriter and actor, in [[Prague]] (d. 1988)

==December 16, 1931 (Wednesday)==

==December 17, 1931 (Thursday)==

*Japan suspended the [[gold standard]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kindleburger |first=Charles P. |date=1986 |title=The World in Depression, 1929–1939 |publisher=University of California Press |page=163 |isbn=978-0-520-05591-9 }}</ref>

*'''Born:''' [[Dave Madden]], Canadian-born AmericanTV actor known for ''The Partridge Family''; in [[Sarnia, Ontario]] (d. 2014)

==December 18, 1931 (Friday)==

*'''Died:''' [[Legs Diamond]], 34, American gangster, was shot and killed in his girlfriend's apartment by a rival gang.

==December 19, 1931 (Saturday)==

[[File:James Scullin at his desk-02.jpg|150px|thumb|Defeated Prime Minister Scullin]]

*[[1931 Australian federal election|Elections were held in Australia]] for all 75 seats in the [[Australian House of Representatives]] and half (18 of 26) of the seats of the [[Australian Senate]]. The [[Australian Labor Party]], which had had a majority (46 of the 75 seats) and was led by Prime Minister [[James Scullin]], lost all but 14 of the races, while the newly formed [[United Australia Party]], led by [[Joseph Lyons]], won 39 seats and control of the House.

*[[Joseph Goebbels]] married [[Magda Goebbels|Magda Quandt]] on the estate of Magda's first husband, [[Günther Quandt]], in [[Severin, Germany|Severin]]. Adolf Hitler served as [[Groomsman#Best man|best man]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ginsborg |first=Paul |date=2014 |title=Family Politics: Domestic Life, Devastation and Survival, 1900–1950 |publisher=Yale University Press |page=322 |isbn=978-0-300-11211-5 }}</ref>

==December 20, 1931 (Sunday)==

*'''Born:''' [[Mala Powers]], American film actress, in [[San Francisco]] (d. 2007)

*'''Died:'''

**[[Gustav Kossinna]], 73, German linguist and archaeology professor

**[[Rosa C. Petherick]], 60, British book illustrator

==December 21, 1931 (Monday)==

[[File:Joseph Aloysius Lyons (cropped).jpg|150px|thumb|New Australian Prime Minister Joe Lyons]]

*[[Joseph Lyons]] became the new [[Prime Minister of Australia]] as [[James Scullin]] resigned in the wake of the election results.<ref>{{cite news |date=December 22, 1931 |title=Man Who Ousted Australia Labor is Made Premier | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=7 }}</ref>

==December 22, 1931 (Tuesday)==

==December 23, 1931 (Wednesday)==

*In [[Basel]], the [[Young Plan]] advisory committee issued a report stating that Germany would be unable to meet its reparations payments when the [[Hoover Moratorium]] expired in July, and that the only solution was another revision to the plan.<ref>{{cite news |date=December 24, 1931 |title=World Bankers Urge Reparations, Debt Cuts | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=1 }}</ref>

*'''Born:''' [[Ronnie Schell]], American actor and comedian, in [[Richmond, California]]

*'''Died:'''

**[[Knowlton Ames]], 63, American football player and college football coach, later a financier, shot himself after financial reverses during the Great Depression.

**[[Tyrone Power, Sr.]], 62, English stage and film actor, died of a heart attack.

==December 24, 1931 (Thursday)==

*Twenty people were injured in Paris when several hundred unemployed rioters invaded a [[Montmartre]] café and smashed tables and chairs, shouting for "work and bread".<ref>{{cite news |date=December 25, 1931 |title=Pope Lists Joys and Sorrows to Catholic World | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=5 }}</ref>

*'''Born:''' [[Mauricio Kagel]], Argentine composer; in [[Buenos Aires]] (d. 2008)

*'''Died:''' [[Carlo Fornasini]], Italian micropalaeontologist; in [[Bologna]] (b. 1854)

==December 25, 1931 (Friday)==

*The first [[Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts|Metropolitan Opera network radio broadcast]] took place when the [[Engelbert Humperdinck (composer)|Engelbert Humperdinck]] opera ''[[Hansel and Gretel (opera)|Hansel and Gretel]]'' aired on NBC.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oldradio.org/2014/12/december-25-1931-hansel-and-gretel.html |title=December 25, 1931: Hansel and Gretel Opera Broadcast on NBC |date=December 25, 2014 |website=OldRadio.org |access-date=May 22, 2015 }}</ref>

*The film ''[[Hell Divers]]'', starring [[Wallace Beery]] and [[Clark Gable]], premiered at [[TCL Chinese Theatre|Grauman's Chinese Theatre]] in [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.graumanschinese.org/1931.html |title=1931 |website=Grauman's Chinese |access-date=May 22, 2015 }}</ref>

==December 26, 1931 (Saturday)==

*The [[George Gershwin|George]] and [[Ira Gershwin]] musical ''[[Of Thee I Sing]]'' premiered at the [[Music Box Theatre]] on Broadway.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.playbillvault.com/Show/Detail/2686/Of-Thee-I-Sing |title=Of Thee I Sing |website=[[Playbill|Playbill Vault]] |access-date=May 22, 2015 }}</ref>

*'''Died:''' [[Melvil Dewey]], 80, American librarian who invented the [[Dewey Decimal Classification|Dewey Decimal System]] for classifying library books by number

==December 27, 1931 (Sunday)==

*Indian independence leader [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] was arrested.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ghose |first=Sankar |date=1993 |title=Jawaharlal Nehru, a Biography |location=Bombay |publisher=Allied Publishers, Ltd. |page=71 |isbn=978-81-7023-369-5 }}</ref>

*'''Born:''' [[Scotty Moore]], American guitarist and recording engineer; in [[Gadsden, Tennessee]] (d. 2016)

*'''Died:''' [[José Figueroa Alcorta]], 71, [[President of Argentina]] from 1906 to 1910, later the Chief Justice of Argentina's Supreme Court of Justice from 1929 until his death

==December 28, 1931 (Monday)==

*The Mahatma Gandhi returned to India, docking at [[Mumbai|Bombay]]. A huge crowd was there to greet him despite the very early morning hour.<ref>{{cite news |date=December 28, 1931 |title=Indians Storm Pier as Gandhi Returns Home | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=3 }}</ref>

*Sections of Los Angeles flooded after five days of rain.<ref>{{cite news |date=December 29, 1931 |title=Los Angeles is Waist Deep in Flood Waters | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=1 }}</ref>

*'''Born:''' [[Martin Milner]], American film and TV actor known as the star of two series, ''Route 66'' and later for ''Adam-12''; in [[Detroit]] (d. 2015)

==December 29, 1931 (Tuesday)==

==December 30, 1931 (Wednesday)==

*A two-day [[1931 Finnish prohibition referendum|referendum on prohibition]] concluded in Finland. 70.5% voted to abolish prohibition completely.<ref>{{cite book |last=Suski |first=Markku |date=1993 |title=Bringing in the People: A Comparison of Constitutional Forms and Practices of the Referendum |location=Dordrecht |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |pages=222–223 |isbn=978-0-7923-2208-5 }}</ref>

*The [[Sippenbuch]], the genealogical clan book carried by every member of the [[Schutzstaffel|SS]], was created.<ref name="krononations">{{cite web |url=http://krononations.weebly.com/allemagne-1931.html |title=L'Allemagne en 1931 |website=Krononations |access-date=May 22, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522161143/http://krononations.weebly.com/allemagne-1931.html |archive-date=May 22, 2015 }}</ref>

*'''Born:''' [[Skeeter Davis]] (stage name for Mary Frances Penick), American country music singer; in [[Dry Ridge, Kentucky]] (d. 2004)

==December 31, 1931 (Thursday)==

*German President [[Paul von Hindenburg]] gave a New Year's address over the radio. "Germans deserve thanks and praise for the sacrifices they have made and the patience with which they have borne their sufferings and burdens", Hindenburg said. "The greatness of their sacrifice justifies Germany's demand that foreign countries should not seek to oppose Germany's restoration through imposition of impossible conditions." At one point during Hindenburg's address the broadcast was [[Broadcast signal intrusion|hijacked]] and an unknown voice called out, "Attention Germany! The Red fighters are here."<ref>{{cite news |last=Schultz |first=Sigrid |author-link=Sigrid Schultz |date=January 1, 1932 |title=Don't Stand in Germany's Way! Hindenburg Asks | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=20 }}</ref>

*In the [[Northwest Territories]] of Canada near [[Aklavik]], four members of the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] trekked to the cabin of a mysterious man by the name of [[Albert Johnson (criminal)|Albert Johnson]] with a search warrant after Aboriginal trappers suspected him of interfering with their traps. When they knocked on Johnson's cabin door he responded with gunfire, seriously wounding one of the Mounties in the ensuing shootout. Johnson now faced the more serious charge of attempted murder of an RCMP officer.<ref>{{cite book |last=Smith |first=Barbara |date=2009 |title=The Mad Trapper: Unearthing a Mystery |publisher=Heritage House |isbn=978-1-927051-08-5 }}</ref>

*'''Born:''' [[Bob Shaw]], Northern Irish science fiction writer; in [[Belfast]] (d. 1996)

{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Months in the 1930s|*1931-12]]