m clean up, typo(s) fixed: newly- → newly using AWB
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m minor fixes, replaced: ," → ", (3), Germany → Germany (5), Washington, D.C. → Washington, D.C. (3), New Zealand → New Zealand, 1931-1932 → 1931–1932 (4), Chicago Daily Tribune using AWB
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==[[December 1]], 1931 (Tuesday)== |
==[[December 1]], 1931 (Tuesday)== |
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*A revision in the [[Soviet calendar]] went into effect, replacing the five-day work week with a new six-day system.<ref>{{cite |
*A revision in the [[Soviet calendar]] went into effect, replacing the five-day work week with a new six-day system.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=November 24, 1931 |title=Russia Abandons 5 Day Week for One of Six Days |url= | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=1 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*The second [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Round Table Conference]] on India broke off in London without success.<ref>{{cite |
*The second [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Round Table Conference]] on India broke off in London without success.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=December 1, 1931 |title=Gandhi is Ready to Renew Strife as Parley Fails |url= | work=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]] |publisher= |page=1 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*'''Born:''' [[Jimmy Lyons]], alto saxophonist, in [[Jersey City, New Jersey]] (d. 1986); [[Jim Nesbitt]], country music singer, in [[Bishopville, South Carolina]] (d. 2007) |
*'''Born:''' [[Jimmy Lyons]], alto saxophonist, in [[Jersey City, New Jersey]] (d. 1986); [[Jim Nesbitt]], country music singer, in [[Bishopville, South Carolina]] (d. 2007) |
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==[[December 2]], 1931 (Wednesday)== |
==[[December 2]], 1931 (Wednesday)== |
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*[[New Zealand general election, 1931|A general election]] was held in |
*[[New Zealand general election, 1931|A general election]] was held in New Zealand; the [[United/Reform Coalition]] lost some seats but remained in power. |
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*'''Born:''' [[Nigel Calder]], science writer, in England (d. 2014); [[Edwin Meese]], 75th United States Attorney General, in [[Oakland, California]] |
*'''Born:''' [[Nigel Calder]], science writer, in England (d. 2014); [[Edwin Meese]], 75th United States Attorney General, in [[Oakland, California]] |
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*'''Died:''' [[Vincent d'Indy]], 80, French composer and teacher |
*'''Died:''' [[Vincent d'Indy]], 80, French composer and teacher |
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==[[December 4]], 1931 (Friday)== |
==[[December 4]], 1931 (Friday)== |
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*[[Adolf Hitler]] gave an interview to British and American press at the [[Hotel Kaiserhof (Berlin)|Hotel Kaiserhof]] in Berlin.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bonhoeffer |first=Dietrich |date=2012 |title=Ecumenical, Academic, and Pastoral Work, |
*[[Adolf Hitler]] gave an interview to British and American press at the [[Hotel Kaiserhof (Berlin)|Hotel Kaiserhof]] in Berlin.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bonhoeffer |first=Dietrich |date=2012 |title=Ecumenical, Academic, and Pastoral Work, 1931–1932 |url= |location= |publisher=Augsburg Fortress Press |page=132 |isbn=9780800698386 |accessdate= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chroniknet.de/daly_de.0.html?datum=4.12.1931&year=1931&month=12&day=4 |title=Tageseinträge für 4. Dezember 1931 |last= |first= |date= |website=chroniknet |publisher= |accessdate=May 22, 2015 }}</ref> "It will not be necessary for me to seize power through a coup d'état", Hitler said. "It will be mine within a short time, anyway, since every election brings my party closer to an absolute majority."<ref>{{cite news |last=Schultz |first=Sigrid |authorlink=Sigrid Schultz |date=December 5, 1931 |title=Hitler Pledges to Pay Berlin's Debts to World |url= | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=3 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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==[[December 5]], 1931 (Saturday)== |
==[[December 5]], 1931 (Saturday)== |
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*[[Mahatma Gandhi]] left England to head back to India. "I return with a clear conscience |
*[[Mahatma Gandhi]] left England to head back to India. "I return with a clear conscience", Gandhi said. "I have explored and exhausted every approach to peace."<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=December 5, 1931 |title=His Conscience Clear, Gandhi Sails for Home |url= | work=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]] |publisher= |page=1 |accessdate= }}</ref> That evening in Paris, Gandhi gave a speech at the [[Magic-City]] dance hall and took questions from the audience of 2,000 people.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reporting-and-essays/when-paris-met-mahatma |title=When Paris Met The Mahatma |last=Kamdar |first=Mira |date=December 1, 2011 |website=[[The Caravan]] |publisher= |accessdate=May 22, 2015 }}</ref> |
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*The [[Montreal AAA Winged Wheelers]] defeated the [[Saskatchewan Roughriders|Regina Roughriders]] 22-0 to win the [[19th Grey Cup|Grey Cup]] of Canadian football. |
*The [[Montreal AAA Winged Wheelers]] defeated the [[Saskatchewan Roughriders|Regina Roughriders]] 22-0 to win the [[19th Grey Cup|Grey Cup]] of Canadian football. |
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*The [[Cathedral of Christ the Saviour]] in Moscow was demolished. The [[Palace of the Soviets]] was intended to be built in its place but never completed, and the cathedral was rebuilt in the same spot and opened in 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chroniknet.de/daly_de.0.html?datum=5.12.1931&year=1931&month=12&day=5 |title=Tageseinträge für 5. Dezember 1931 |last= |first= |date= |website=chroniknet |publisher= |accessdate=May 22, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://io9.com/5981106/the-strange-history-of-the-moscow-cathedral-that-couldnt-be-destroyed |title=The Strange History of the Moscow Cathedral That Couldn't Be Destroyed |last=Miklós |first=Vincze |date=February 4, 2013 |website=[[io9]] |publisher= |accessdate=May 22, 2015 }}</ref> |
*The [[Cathedral of Christ the Saviour]] in Moscow was demolished. The [[Palace of the Soviets]] was intended to be built in its place but never completed, and the cathedral was rebuilt in the same spot and opened in 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chroniknet.de/daly_de.0.html?datum=5.12.1931&year=1931&month=12&day=5 |title=Tageseinträge für 5. Dezember 1931 |last= |first= |date= |website=chroniknet |publisher= |accessdate=May 22, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://io9.com/5981106/the-strange-history-of-the-moscow-cathedral-that-couldnt-be-destroyed |title=The Strange History of the Moscow Cathedral That Couldn't Be Destroyed |last=Miklós |first=Vincze |date=February 4, 2013 |website=[[io9]] |publisher= |accessdate=May 22, 2015 }}</ref> |
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==[[December 6]], 1931 (Sunday)== |
==[[December 6]], 1931 (Sunday)== |
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*[[Marģers Skujenieks]] became [[Prime Minister of Latvia]] for the second time. |
*[[Marģers Skujenieks]] became [[Prime Minister of Latvia]] for the second time. |
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*5 miners were killed in an explosion in Transylvania, [[Romania]].<ref>{{cite |
*5 miners were killed in an explosion in Transylvania, [[Romania]].<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=December 7, 1931 |title=Coal Mine Blast Kills 5, Injures 14 in Transylvania |url= | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=15 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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==[[December 7]], 1931 (Monday)== |
==[[December 7]], 1931 (Monday)== |
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*The resignation of [[Giovanni Giuriati]] as Secretary of the National Fascist Party was announced in Italy; [[Achille Starace]] was appointed to replace him.<ref>{{cite |
*The resignation of [[Giovanni Giuriati]] as Secretary of the National Fascist Party was announced in Italy; [[Achille Starace]] was appointed to replace him.<ref>{{cite news |last=Darrah |first=David |date=December 8, 1931 |title=Duce Makes War Hero Chief Aid in Fascist Party |url= | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=8 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*The [[John Ford]]-directed drama film ''[[Arrowsmith (film)|Arrowsmith]]'' premiered at the [[Gaiety Theatre (New York City)|Gaiety Theatre]] in New York City.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holston |first=Kim R. |date=2013 |title=Movie Roadshows: A History and Filmography of Reserved-Seat Limited Showings, |
*The [[John Ford]]-directed drama film ''[[Arrowsmith (film)|Arrowsmith]]'' premiered at the [[Gaiety Theatre (New York City)|Gaiety Theatre]] in New York City.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holston |first=Kim R. |date=2013 |title=Movie Roadshows: A History and Filmography of Reserved-Seat Limited Showings, 1911–1973 |url= |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc. |page=73 |isbn=978-0-7864-6062-5 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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==[[December 8]], 1931 (Tuesday)== |
==[[December 8]], 1931 (Tuesday)== |
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*German President [[Paul von Hindenburg]] signed Chancellor [[Heinrich Brüning]]'s enormous 46-page emergency decree into law, slashing prices, wages and rents across the board in an effort to reverse inflation.<ref>{{cite |
*German President [[Paul von Hindenburg]] signed Chancellor [[Heinrich Brüning]]'s enormous 46-page emergency decree into law, slashing prices, wages and rents across the board in an effort to reverse inflation.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=December 9, 1931 |title=Slash All Pay in Germany |url= | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=1 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*[[Hattie Caraway]] of Arkansas was sworn in as a United States senator, filling the vacancy left by her late husband [[Thaddeus H. Caraway|Thaddeus]]. This made Caraway the second woman in history to serve in the U.S. Senate after [[Rebecca Latimer Felton]] in 1922, though Felton's service consisted of only a single day and was largely symbolic.<ref>{{cite |
*[[Hattie Caraway]] of Arkansas was sworn in as a United States senator, filling the vacancy left by her late husband [[Thaddeus H. Caraway|Thaddeus]]. This made Caraway the second woman in history to serve in the U.S. Senate after [[Rebecca Latimer Felton]] in 1922, though Felton's service consisted of only a single day and was largely symbolic.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=November 14, 1931 |title=Mrs. Caraway is Appointed to Seat in Senate |url= |journal=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=3 |accessdate= }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Herrick |first=Genevieve Forbes |date=November 9, 1931 |title=Hattie Caraway Takes Her Oath as U. S. Senator |url= | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=7 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*Herbert Hoover delivered the annual [[State of the Union]] message to Congress. The message reviewed the worldwide [[Great Depression|depression]] and laid out the measures the government was taking to alleviate the crisis, but made no mention of [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]].<ref>{{cite |
*Herbert Hoover delivered the annual [[State of the Union]] message to Congress. The message reviewed the worldwide [[Great Depression|depression]] and laid out the measures the government was taking to alleviate the crisis, but made no mention of [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Henning |first=Arthur Sears |date=December 9, 1931 |title=Message Held Key to Hoover 1932 Campaign |url= | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=1 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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==[[December 9]], 1931 (Wednesday)== |
==[[December 9]], 1931 (Wednesday)== |
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==[[December 10]], 1931 (Thursday)== |
==[[December 10]], 1931 (Thursday)== |
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*The 1931 [[Nobel Prize]]s were awarded in [[Stockholm]]. The recipients were [[Carl Bosch]] and [[Friedrich Bergius]] of |
*The 1931 [[Nobel Prize]]s were awarded in [[Stockholm]]. The recipients were [[Carl Bosch]] and [[Friedrich Bergius]] of Germany for [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]], [[Otto Heinrich Warburg]] of Germany ([[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]]) and [[Erik Axel Karlfeldt]] of Sweden ([[Nobel Prize in Literature|Literature]]). The [[Nobel Peace Prize|Peace Prize]] was awarded in [[Oslo]] to [[Jane Addams]] and [[Nicholas Murray Butler]] of the United States. The Physics Prize was not awarded that year.<ref name="chronicle of the 20th c.">{{cite book |last=Mercer |first=Derrik |date=1989 |editor-last= |editor-first= |title=Chronicle of the 20th Century |url= |location=London |publisher=Chronicle Communications Ltd. |page=408 |isbn=9-780582-039193 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*In [[Clarksburg, West Virginia]], [[Harry Powers]] was convicted of first degree murder, which automatically carried a sentence of the death penalty.<ref>{{cite |
*In [[Clarksburg, West Virginia]], [[Harry Powers]] was convicted of first degree murder, which automatically carried a sentence of the death penalty.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=December 11, 1931 |title=Convict Bluebeard; to Hang |url= | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=1 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*The [[Alfred Hitchcock]]-directed film ''[[Rich and Strange]]'' was released in the United Kingdom. |
*The [[Alfred Hitchcock]]-directed film ''[[Rich and Strange]]'' was released in the United Kingdom. |
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*The final [[D. W. Griffith]]-directed film, ''[[The Struggle (film)|The Struggle]]'', was released.<ref>{{cite book |last=Simmon |first=Scott |date=1993 |title=The Films of D. W. Griffith |url= |location=New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=170 |isbn=9780521388207 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
*The final [[D. W. Griffith]]-directed film, ''[[The Struggle (film)|The Struggle]]'', was released.<ref>{{cite book |last=Simmon |first=Scott |date=1993 |title=The Films of D. W. Griffith |url= |location=New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=170 |isbn=9780521388207 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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==[[December 11]], 1931 (Friday)== |
==[[December 11]], 1931 (Friday)== |
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*The [[Statute of Westminster 1931|Statute of Westminster]] was passed, establishing increased independence of the self-governing [[Dominion]]s of the [[British Empire]]. |
*The [[Statute of Westminster 1931|Statute of Westminster]] was passed, establishing increased independence of the self-governing [[Dominion]]s of the [[British Empire]]. |
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*[[Niceto Alcalá-Zamora]] was sworn in as the first [[Prime Minister of Spain|President of the Second Republic]] of Spain.<ref>{{cite |
*[[Niceto Alcalá-Zamora]] was sworn in as the first [[Prime Minister of Spain|President of the Second Republic]] of Spain.<ref>{{cite news |last=Allen |first=Jay |date=December 12, 1931 |title=First President of Spaim Seated Amid Royal Echo |url= | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=11 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*The [[Chicago Cubs]] traded [[Hack Wilson]] and [[Bud Teachout]] to the [[St. Louis Cardinals]] for [[Burleigh Grimes]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/w/wilsoha01.shtml |title=Hack Wilson |last= |first= |date= |website=[[Baseball-Reference.com]] |publisher= |accessdate=May 22, 2015 }}</ref> |
*The [[Chicago Cubs]] traded [[Hack Wilson]] and [[Bud Teachout]] to the [[St. Louis Cardinals]] for [[Burleigh Grimes]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/w/wilsoha01.shtml |title=Hack Wilson |last= |first= |date= |website=[[Baseball-Reference.com]] |publisher= |accessdate=May 22, 2015 }}</ref> |
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*'''Born:''' [[Rita Moreno]], actress and singer, in [[Humacao, Puerto Rico]] |
*'''Born:''' [[Rita Moreno]], actress and singer, in [[Humacao, Puerto Rico]] |
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==[[December 12]], 1931 (Saturday)== |
==[[December 12]], 1931 (Saturday)== |
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*Mahatma Gandhi met with [[Benito Mussolini]] in Rome. The two talked for half an hour through an interpreter.<ref>{{cite |
*Mahatma Gandhi met with [[Benito Mussolini]] in Rome. The two talked for half an hour through an interpreter.<ref>{{cite news |last=Darrah |first=David |date=December 13, 1931 |title=Pope Declines to See Gandhi in his Loin Cloth |url= | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=13 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*[[Army Black Knights football|Army]] defeated [[Navy Midshipmen football|Navy]] 17-7 in the [[Army–Navy Game]] at [[Yankee Stadium (1923)|Yankee Stadium]].<ref>{{cite |
*[[Army Black Knights football|Army]] defeated [[Navy Midshipmen football|Navy]] 17-7 in the [[Army–Navy Game]] at [[Yankee Stadium (1923)|Yankee Stadium]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Pegler |first=Westbrook |date=December 13, 1931 |title=Service Teams Raise $400,000 for Jobless |url= | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=Part 2, p. 1 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*'''Born:''' [[Lionel Blair]], Canadian-born British actor, choreographer and television presenter, in [[Montreal]] |
*'''Born:''' [[Lionel Blair]], Canadian-born British actor, choreographer and television presenter, in [[Montreal]] |
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*[[Inukai Tsuyoshi]] became [[Prime Minister of Japan]]. |
*[[Inukai Tsuyoshi]] became [[Prime Minister of Japan]]. |
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*[[Winston Churchill]] was hit by a car driven by [[Edward F. Cantasano]] while crossing [[Fifth Avenue]] in New York City. Churchill went to hospital with some bruises and cuts but was discharged the following week. Cantasano was not charged because Churchill took full responsibility for the accident, having crossed against the light and forgotten which side of the road automobiles drive on in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/07/nyregion/thecity/07fyi.html?_r=0 |title=Not His Finest Hour |last=Pollak |first=Michael |date=May 7, 2006 |website=[[The New York Times]] |publisher= |accessdate=May 22, 2015 }}</ref> |
*[[Winston Churchill]] was hit by a car driven by [[Edward F. Cantasano]] while crossing [[Fifth Avenue]] in New York City. Churchill went to hospital with some bruises and cuts but was discharged the following week. Cantasano was not charged because Churchill took full responsibility for the accident, having crossed against the light and forgotten which side of the road automobiles drive on in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/07/nyregion/thecity/07fyi.html?_r=0 |title=Not His Finest Hour |last=Pollak |first=Michael |date=May 7, 2006 |website=[[The New York Times]] |publisher= |accessdate=May 22, 2015 }}</ref> |
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*'''Born:''' [[Bubba Morton]], baseball player, in |
*'''Born:''' [[Bubba Morton]], baseball player, in Washington, D.C. (d. 2006) |
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==[[December 14]], 1931 (Monday)== |
==[[December 14]], 1931 (Monday)== |
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==[[December 15]], 1931 (Tuesday)== |
==[[December 15]], 1931 (Tuesday)== |
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*[[Chiang Kai-shek]] resigned as [[President of the Republic of China]] and was succeeded by [[Lin Sen]].<ref>{{cite |
*[[Chiang Kai-shek]] resigned as [[President of the Republic of China]] and was succeeded by [[Lin Sen]].<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=December 16, 1931 |title=Thousands Riot in China Capital; President Quits |url= | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=11 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*'''Born:''' [[Evald Schorm]], film and stage director, screenwriter and actor, in [[Prague]], [[Czecheslovakia]] (d. 1988) |
*'''Born:''' [[Evald Schorm]], film and stage director, screenwriter and actor, in [[Prague]], [[Czecheslovakia]] (d. 1988) |
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==[[December 17]], 1931 (Thursday)== |
==[[December 17]], 1931 (Thursday)== |
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*Japan suspended the [[gold standard]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kindleburger |first=Charles P. |date=1986 |title=The World in Depression, |
*Japan suspended the [[gold standard]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kindleburger |first=Charles P. |date=1986 |title=The World in Depression, 1929–1939 |url= |location= |publisher=University of California Press |page=163 |isbn=9780520055919 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*'''Born:''' [[Dave Madden]], Canadian-born American actor, in [[Sarnia, Ontario]] (d. 2014) |
*'''Born:''' [[Dave Madden]], Canadian-born American actor, in [[Sarnia, Ontario]] (d. 2014) |
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==[[December 19]], 1931 (Saturday)== |
==[[December 19]], 1931 (Saturday)== |
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*[[Australian federal election, 1931|Federal elections]] were held in Australia. The incumbent [[Australian Labor Party]] led by Prime Minister [[James Scullin]] was defeated by the newly formed [[United Australia Party]] led by [[Joseph Lyons]]. |
*[[Australian federal election, 1931|Federal elections]] were held in Australia. The incumbent [[Australian Labor Party]] led by Prime Minister [[James Scullin]] was defeated by the newly formed [[United Australia Party]] led by [[Joseph Lyons]]. |
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*[[Joseph Goebbels]] married [[Magda Goebbels|Magda Quandt]] on the estate of Magda's first husband, [[Günther Quandt]], in [[Severin, Germany|Severin]]. Adolf Hitler served as [[Groomsman#Best man|best man]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ginsborg |first=Paul |date=2014 |title=Family Politics: Domestic Life, Devastation and Survival, |
*[[Joseph Goebbels]] married [[Magda Goebbels|Magda Quandt]] on the estate of Magda's first husband, [[Günther Quandt]], in [[Severin, Germany|Severin]]. Adolf Hitler served as [[Groomsman#Best man|best man]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ginsborg |first=Paul |date=2014 |title=Family Politics: Domestic Life, Devastation and Survival, 1900–1950 |url= |location= |publisher=Yale University Press |page=322 |isbn=9780300112115 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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==[[December 20]], 1931 (Sunday)== |
==[[December 20]], 1931 (Sunday)== |
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*The [[Kragujevac Football Subassociation]] was formed. |
*The [[Kragujevac Football Subassociation]] was formed. |
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*'''Born:''' [[Mala Powers]], film actress, in |
*'''Born:''' [[Mala Powers]], film actress, in San Francisco, [[California]] (d. 2007) |
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*'''Died:''' [[Gustav Kossinna]], 73, German linguist and archaeology professor; [[Rosa C. Petherick]], 60, British book illustrator |
*'''Died:''' [[Gustav Kossinna]], 73, German linguist and archaeology professor; [[Rosa C. Petherick]], 60, British book illustrator |
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==[[December 21]], 1931 (Monday)== |
==[[December 21]], 1931 (Monday)== |
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*Japanese forces in Manchuria launched a new offensive, the [[Jinzhou Operation]]. |
*Japanese forces in Manchuria launched a new offensive, the [[Jinzhou Operation]]. |
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*[[James Scullin]] resigned as Australian Prime Minister.<ref>{{cite |
*[[James Scullin]] resigned as Australian Prime Minister.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=December 22, 1931 |title=Man Who Ousted Australia Labor is Made Premier |url= | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=7 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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==[[December 22]], 1931 (Tuesday)== |
==[[December 22]], 1931 (Tuesday)== |
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==[[December 23]], 1931 (Wednesday)== |
==[[December 23]], 1931 (Wednesday)== |
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*In [[Basel]], the [[Young Plan]] advisory committee issued a report stating that Germany would be unable to meet its reparations payments when the [[Hoover Moratorium]] expired in July, and that the only solution was another revision to the plan.<ref>{{cite |
*In [[Basel]], the [[Young Plan]] advisory committee issued a report stating that Germany would be unable to meet its reparations payments when the [[Hoover Moratorium]] expired in July, and that the only solution was another revision to the plan.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=December 24, 1931 |title=World Bankers Urge Reparations, Debt Cuts |url= | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=1 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*'''Born:''' [[Ronnie Schell]], actor and comedian, in [[Richmond, California]] |
*'''Born:''' [[Ronnie Schell]], actor and comedian, in [[Richmond, California]] |
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*'''Died:''' [[Knowlton Ames]], 63, American football player, coach and financier (suicide); [[Tyrone Power, Sr.]], 62, English actor |
*'''Died:''' [[Knowlton Ames]], 63, American football player, coach and financier (suicide); [[Tyrone Power, Sr.]], 62, English actor |
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==[[December 24]], 1931 (Thursday)== |
==[[December 24]], 1931 (Thursday)== |
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*20 were injured in Paris when several hundred unemployed rioters invaded a [[Montmartre]] café and smashed tables and chairs, shouting for "work and bread".<ref>{{cite |
*20 were injured in Paris when several hundred unemployed rioters invaded a [[Montmartre]] café and smashed tables and chairs, shouting for "work and bread".<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=December 25, 1931 |title=Pope Lists Joys and Sorrows to Catholic World |url= | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=5 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*'''Born:''' [[Mauricio Kagel]], composer, in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]] (d. 2008) |
*'''Born:''' [[Mauricio Kagel]], composer, in [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]] (d. 2008) |
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==[[December 28]], 1931 (Monday)== |
==[[December 28]], 1931 (Monday)== |
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*Mahatma Gandhi returned to India, docking at [[Mumbai|Bombay]]. A huge crowd was there to greet him despite the very early morning hour.<ref>{{cite |
*Mahatma Gandhi returned to India, docking at [[Mumbai|Bombay]]. A huge crowd was there to greet him despite the very early morning hour.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=December 28, 1931 |title=Indians Storm Pier as Gandhi Returns Home |url= | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=3 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*Sections of |
*Sections of Los Angeles flooded after five days of rain.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=December 29, 1931 |title=Los Angeles is Waist Deep in Flood Waters |url= | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=1 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*'''Born:''' [[Martin Milner]], actor, in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]] |
*'''Born:''' [[Martin Milner]], actor, in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]] |
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==[[December 29]], 1931 (Tuesday)== |
==[[December 29]], 1931 (Tuesday)== |
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*The [[Deseret News Publishing Company]] was founded. |
*The [[Deseret News Publishing Company]] was founded. |
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*'''Born:''' [[Albert Probst]], politician, in [[Garching bei München]], |
*'''Born:''' [[Albert Probst]], politician, in [[Garching bei München]], Germany (d. 2015); [[Stasys Stonkus]], basketball player, in [[Telšiai]], [[Lithuania]] (d. 2012) |
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==[[December 30]], 1931 (Wednesday)== |
==[[December 30]], 1931 (Wednesday)== |
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*A two-day [[Finnish prohibition referendum, 1931|referendum on prohibition]] concluded in |
*A two-day [[Finnish prohibition referendum, 1931|referendum on prohibition]] concluded in Finland. 70.5% voted to abolish prohibition completely.<ref>{{cite book |last=Suski |first=Markku |date=1993 |title=Bringing in the People: A Comparison of Constitutional Forms and Practices of the Referendum |url= |location=Dordrecht |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |pages=222–223 |isbn=9780792322085 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*The [[Sippenbuch]], the genealogical clan book carried by every member of the [[Schutzstaffel|SS]], was created.<ref name="krononations">{{cite web |url=http://krononations.weebly.com/allemagne-1931.html |title=L'Allemagne en 1931 |last= |first= |date= |website=Krononations |publisher= |accessdate=May 22, 2015 }}</ref> |
*The [[Sippenbuch]], the genealogical clan book carried by every member of the [[Schutzstaffel|SS]], was created.<ref name="krononations">{{cite web |url=http://krononations.weebly.com/allemagne-1931.html |title=L'Allemagne en 1931 |last= |first= |date= |website=Krononations |publisher= |accessdate=May 22, 2015 }}</ref> |
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*'''Born:''' [[Skeeter Davis]], country music singer, in [[Dry Ridge, Kentucky]] (d. 2004) |
*'''Born:''' [[Skeeter Davis]], country music singer, in [[Dry Ridge, Kentucky]] (d. 2004) |
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==[[December 31]], 1931 (Thursday)== |
==[[December 31]], 1931 (Thursday)== |
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*German President [[Paul von Hindenburg]] gave a New Year's address over the radio. "Germans deserve thanks and praise for the sacrifices they have made and the patience with which they have borne their sufferings and burdens |
*German President [[Paul von Hindenburg]] gave a New Year's address over the radio. "Germans deserve thanks and praise for the sacrifices they have made and the patience with which they have borne their sufferings and burdens", Hindenburg said. "The greatness of their sacrifice justifies Germany's demand that foreign countries should not seek to oppose Germany's restoration through imposition of impossible conditions." At one point during Hindenburg's address the broadcast was [[Broadcast signal intrusion|hijacked]] and an unknown voice called out, "Attention Germany! The Red fighters are here."<ref>{{cite news |last=Schultz |first=Sigrid |authorlink=Sigrid Schultz |date=January 1, 1932 |title=Don't Stand in Germany's Way! Hindenburg Asks |url= | work=[[Chicago Daily Tribune]]|page=20 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*In the [[Northwest Territories]] of Canada near [[Aklavik]], four members of the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] trekked to the cabin of a mysterious man by the name of [[Albert Johnson (criminal)|Albert Johnson]] with a search warrant after Aboriginal trappers suspected him of interfering with their traps. When they knocked on Johnson's cabin door he responded with gunfire, seriously wounding one of the Mounties in the ensuing shootout. Johnson now faced the more serious charge of attempted murder of an RCMP officer.<ref>{{cite book |last=Smith |first=Barbara |date=2009 |title=The Mad Trapper: Unearthing a Mystery |url= |location= |publisher=Heritage House |page= |isbn=9781927051085 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
*In the [[Northwest Territories]] of Canada near [[Aklavik]], four members of the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] trekked to the cabin of a mysterious man by the name of [[Albert Johnson (criminal)|Albert Johnson]] with a search warrant after Aboriginal trappers suspected him of interfering with their traps. When they knocked on Johnson's cabin door he responded with gunfire, seriously wounding one of the Mounties in the ensuing shootout. Johnson now faced the more serious charge of attempted murder of an RCMP officer.<ref>{{cite book |last=Smith |first=Barbara |date=2009 |title=The Mad Trapper: Unearthing a Mystery |url= |location= |publisher=Heritage House |page= |isbn=9781927051085 |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*The film ''[[Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931 film)|Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde]]'' starring [[Fredric March]] was released. |
*The film ''[[Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931 film)|Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde]]'' starring [[Fredric March]] was released. |
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The following events occurred in December 1931: