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{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{short description|Major League Baseball pitcher (1884–1969)}}
{{pp-semi-sock|small=yes}}
{{Infobox baseball biography
|name=Eddie Cicotte
|image=EddieCicotte55.jpg
|caption = Cicotte c. 1919
|position=[[Pitcher]]
|bats=Both
|throws=Right
|birth_date={{Birth date|1884|6|19}}
|birth_place=[[Springwells Township, Michigan|Springwells, Michigan]], U.S.
|death_date={{death date and age|1969|5|5|1884|6|19}}
|death_place=[[Livonia, Michigan]], U.S.
|debutleague = MLB
|debutdate=September 3
|debutyear=1905
|debutteam=Detroit Tigers
|finalleague = MLB
|finaldate=September 26
|finalyear=1920
|finalteam=Chicago White Sox
|statleague = MLB
|stat1label=[[Win–loss record (pitching)|Win–loss record]]
|stat1value=208–149
|stat2label=[[Earned run average]]
|stat2value=2.38
|stat3label=[[Strikeout]]s
|stat3value=1,374
|teams=
* [[Detroit Tigers]] ({{mlby|1905}})
* [[Boston Red Sox]] ({{mlby|1908}}–{{mlby|1912}})
* [[Chicago White Sox]] ({{mlby|1912}}–{{mlby|1920}})
|highlights=
* [[World Series]] champion ([[1917 World Series|1917]])
* 2× [[List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders|AL wins leader]] (1917, 1919)
* [[List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders|AL ERA leader]] (1917)
* Pitched a [[no-hitter]] on April 14, 1917
}}

'''Edward Victor Cicotte''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|iː|k|ɒ|t}};<ref>[http://www.southsidesox.com/2011/10/24/2510006/eddie-cicotte-from-the-hall-of-fame-library-player-files SBNation South Side Sox – Eddie Cicotte: From the Hall of Fame Library player files]</ref><ref>"Cicotte Calls Life Sentence Too Rough". ''Charleston Gazette'', p.&nbsp;13.</ref> June 19, 1884 – May 5, 1969), nicknamed "'''Knuckles'''", was an American right-handed [[pitcher]] in [[Major League Baseball]] best known for his time with the [[Chicago White Sox]]. He was one of eight players permanently ineligible for professional baseball for his alleged participation in the [[Black Sox scandal]] in the [[1919 World Series]], in which the favored White Sox lost to the [[Cincinnati Reds]] in eight games.<ref>Pegler, Westbrook (September 24, 1956)</ref> The "fixing" of the 1919 World Series is the only recognized gambling scandal to tarnish a World Series.<ref>Pennington, Bill (May 14, 2011)[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/15/sports/baseball/a-year-before-the-black-sox-whiff-of-scandal-wafts-over-1918-world-series.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=Edward%20Victor%20Cicotte%20April%2015,%201917&st=cse "Whiff of Scandal Wafts Over 1918 World Series"] ''New York Times''. Retrieved 2011-10-14.</ref>

==Family==
{{unreferenced section|date=November 2018}}
Cicotte was the son of Ambrose Cicotte and Archange Mary Drouillard, both of mainly French-Canadian extraction. He married Rose Ellen Freer, daughter of Russell John Freer and Annie Cecile Thornton, both of whom would later live with the Cicottes.  They had two daughters, Rose and Virginia, and one son, Edward Jr.

==Career==
Cicotte was a [[starting pitcher]] and a [[knuckleball]] specialist who won 208 games and lost 149 over the course of a 14-year career pitching for the [[Detroit Tigers]], [[Boston Red Sox]], and [[Chicago White Sox]]. At the time of his lifetime ban, he was considered one of the premier pitchers in the American League.

A [[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]] native, Cicotte played [[minor league baseball]] for the [[Augusta Tourists]] in [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] in 1905, where he was a teammate of [[Ty Cobb]]. Both players were purchased by the Tigers, and Cicotte made his big-league debut on September 3, 1905. Pitching in three games for Detroit, Cicotte compiled a 1–1 record with a 3.50 [[earned run average]].

Cicotte did not return to the major leagues again until 1908, when he resurfaced with the Red Sox. After he compiled a 41–48 record in a Boston uniform, the Red Sox sold him to the White Sox on July 22, 1912.

Cicotte celebrated a breakout year in 1913, going 18–11 on the season with an ERA of 1.58. He led the league in [[winning percentage]] in 1916, but his best year was 1917, when he won 28 games and led the league in wins, ERA, and [[innings pitched]]. On April 14 he threw a [[no hitter]] against the [[Baltimore Orioles#St. Louis Browns|St. Louis Browns]]. From September 15, 1916, to July 25, 1917, Cicotte pitched 25 straight starts in which he allowed three earned runs or less with at least six innings pitched, which retroactively became known as the [[quality start]]. Cicotte's 25 game streak was the most for a half-century until [[Bob Gibson]] passed him.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.baseballprospectus.com/news/article/29070/prospectus-feature-i-come-to-praise-quality-starts-not-to-bury-them/ | title=Prospectus Feature: I Come to Praise Quality Starts, Not to Bury Them | date=2 May 2016 }}</ref> That year, the White Sox went to the [[1917 World Series|World Series]], defeating the [[New York Giants (<span class="ltr">NL</span>)|New York Giants]] 4 games to 2. Cicotte won Game 1, lost Game 3, and pitched six innings of relief in Game 5 for a no-decision.

Injuries reduced Cicotte to a 12–19 record in 1918, but in 1919, he rebounded to win 29 games and once again led the league in wins, winning percentage, and innings pitched, as well as in [[complete game]]s. His 1919 salary was $6,000, but he had a provision for a $10,000 bonus if he won 30 games. Legend has it that as the season drew to a close, owner [[Charles Comiskey]] ordered manager [[Kid Gleason]] to bench Cicotte for 5 games, denying him a chance at a 30-win season and the bonus money.

==Scandal==
[[File:Eddie Cicotte.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Cicotte in 1913]]
The book ''[[Eight Men Out]]'' by [[Eliot Asinof]] and the movie based on the book does record that Cicotte, despite being grossly underpaid for a pitcher of his ability, resisted repeated attempts by [[Chick Gandil]] to get him to throw the series until just days before the World Series opened when it became clear that Comiskey would never pay him even part of the promised bonus.

In the 1919 World Series against the Reds, Cicotte pitched in three games, winning one but pitching ineffectively and losing the other two.

Cicotte was the first of the eight players to come forward, signing a confession and a waiver of immunity. He later recanted this confession and was acquitted of all charges at trial by jury. Despite this, Cicotte and his alleged co-conspirators were subsequently made permanently ineligible for baseball by [[Kenesaw Mountain Landis]], Major League Baseball's new commissioner, recently hired to restore the integrity of the game in the wake of the 1919 scandal.

==Aftermath==
After being banned from playing baseball, Cicotte returned to [[Livonia, Michigan]]. He managed a service station, served as a [[game warden]] in the [[Michigan Department of Natural Resources]], then went to work for [[Ford Motor Company]], where he retired in 1944. Cicotte lived to be 84 years old. He was a strawberry farmer on a {{convert|5.5|acre|adj=on}} farm near Farmington until his death at [[Henry Ford Hospital]] in Detroit on May 5, 1969.<ref>Sandoval, Jim. [http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/1f272b1a "Eddie Cicotte"] ''[[Society for American Baseball Research|SABR]] Baseball Biography Project''. Retrieved 2011-10-16.</ref>

In the 1988 film ''[[Eight Men Out]]'', about the Black Sox scandal, Cicotte is portrayed by actor [[David Strathairn]].

He was portrayed by actor [[Steve Eastin]] in the 1989 film ''[[Field of Dreams]]''.

Cicotte's grandnephew [[Al Cicotte]] (1929–1982) later pitched in the major leagues, compiling a lifetime 10–13 record with six teams between 1957 and 1962.

==See also==
* [[List of knuckleball pitchers]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball career wins leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders]]
* [[List of Major League Baseball no-hitters]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Baseballstats |mlb= |espn= |br=c/cicoted01 |fangraphs=1002236 |brm=cicott001edw}}
*{{Find a Grave}}
:

{{s-start}}
{{succession box | title=[[List of Major League Baseball no-hitters|No-hitter pitcher]] | before= [[Dutch Leonard (left-handed pitcher)|Dutch Leonard]] | years= April 14, 1917 | after= [[George Mogridge]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{1917 Chicago White Sox}}
{{AL wins champions}}
{{AL ERA champions}}
{{Boston Red Sox Opening Day starting pitchers}}
{{Chicago White Sox Opening Day starting pitchers}}
{{Black Sox Scandal}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Baseball}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cicotte, Eddie}}
[[Category:1884 births]]
[[Category:1969 deaths]]
[[Category:Major League Baseball pitchers]]
[[Category:American League ERA champions]]
[[Category:American League wins champions]]
[[Category:Boston Red Sox players]]
[[Category:Chicago White Sox players]]
[[Category:Detroit Tigers players]]
[[Category:Augusta Tourists players]]
[[Category:Des Moines Champs players]]
[[Category:Indianapolis Indians players]]
[[Category:Lincoln Treeplanters players]]
[[Category:Knuckleball pitchers]]
[[Category:Baseball players from Detroit]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Livonia, Michigan]]
[[Category:Baseball players from Wayne County, Michigan]]
[[Category:American people of French-Canadian descent]]
[[Category:Sportspeople banned for life]]
[[Category:Sault Ste. Marie Soos players]]