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== Taxonomy == |
== Taxonomy == |
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Although many of the families are rather small, there are several fossil genera. This listing of the groups of Gonorynchiformes includes fossil fish with a short description.<ref name="Nelson"/> They are listed in approximate order of how primitive their characteristics are. |
Although many of the families are rather small, there are several fossil genera. This listing of the groups of Gonorynchiformes includes fossil fish with a short description.<ref name="Nelson"/><ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Taverne |first=Emmanuel Fara, Mireille Gayet, Louis |title=The Fossil Record of Gonorynchiformes |date=2010 |work=Gonorynchiformes and Ostariophysan Relationships |url=https://hal.science/hal-00441945/document |access-date=2024-05-09 |publisher=CRC Press |doi=10.1201/b10194-6/fossil-record-gonorynchiformes-emmanuel-fara-mireille-gayet-louis-taverne |isbn=978-0-429-06156-1}}</ref> They are listed in approximate order of how primitive their characteristics are. |
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{{cladogram |
{{cladogram |
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|title=Phylogeny of living Gonorynchiformes<ref name="Near, Dornburga & Friedman">Thomas J. Near, Alex Dornburga, Matt Friedman (2014): ''Phylogenetic relationships and timing of diversification in gonorynchiform fishes inferred using nuclear gene DNA sequences (Teleostei: Ostariophysi).'' Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, [[DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.013]]</ref> |
|title=Phylogeny of living Gonorynchiformes<ref name="Near, Dornburga & Friedman">Thomas J. Near, Alex Dornburga, Matt Friedman (2014): ''Phylogenetic relationships and timing of diversification in gonorynchiform fishes inferred using nuclear gene DNA sequences (Teleostei: Ostariophysi).'' Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, [[DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.013]]</ref> |
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|label2=Kneriinae |
|label2=Kneriinae |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=[[Kneria]]'' |
|1=''[[Kneria]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Parakneria]]'' |
|1=''[[Parakneria]]'' |
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**** Genus †''[[Apulichthys]]'' Taverne 1997 |
**** Genus †''[[Apulichthys]]'' Taverne 1997 |
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*** '''Family [[Gonorynchidae]]''' Fowler 1941 |
*** '''Family [[Gonorynchidae]]''' Fowler 1941 |
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**** †''[[Anormurus]]'' de Blainville 1818 |
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**** †''[[Charitopsis (fish)|Charitopsis]]'' Gayet 1993 non Trjapitzin 1969 |
**** †''[[Charitopsis (fish)|Charitopsis]]'' Gayet 1993 non Trjapitzin 1969 |
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**** †''[[Gonorynchidarum]]'' otolith |
**** †''[[Gonorynchidarum]]'' Rana, 1988 otolith |
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**** †''[[Hakeliosomus]]'' Gayet 1993 |
**** †''[[Hakeliosomus]]'' Gayet 1993 |
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**** †''[[Protocatostomus]]'' Whitfield 1891 |
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**** †''[[Ramallichthys]]'' Gayet 1982 |
**** †''[[Ramallichthys]]'' Gayet 1982 |
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**** †''[[Sapperichthys]]'' Amaral, Alvardo-Ortega & Brito, 2013 |
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**** Subfamily †Charitosominae |
**** Subfamily †Charitosominae |
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***** †''[[Charitosomus]]'' Hosius & Von Der Marck 1885 - Cretaceous |
***** †''[[Charitosomus]]'' Hosius & Von Der Marck 1885 - Cretaceous |
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***** †''[[Judeichthys]]'' Gayet 1985 |
***** †''[[Judeichthys]]'' Gayet 1985 |
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**** Subfamily Gonorynchinae |
**** Subfamily Gonorynchinae |
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***** †''[[Notogoneus]]'' Cope 1885 - from North America, Europe, Australia; some freshwater; Late Cretaceous to Oligocene |
***** †''[[Notogoneus]]'' Cope 1885 - from North America, Europe, Australia; some freshwater; Late Cretaceous to Oligocene (=†''Anormurus'' [[Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville|Blainville]], 1818, †''Protocatostomus'' Whitfield 1891) |
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***** ''[[Gonorynchus]]'' Gronow 1763 ex Scopoli 1777 |
***** ''[[Gonorynchus]]'' Gronow 1763 ex Scopoli 1777 |
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** '''Suborder Chanoidei''' Berg 1937 |
** '''Suborder Chanoidei''' Berg 1937 |
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*** Family '''[[Chanidae]]''' Günther 1868 (milkfishes) |
*** Family '''[[Chanidae]]''' Günther 1868 (milkfishes) |
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**** †''[[Cabindachanos]]'' Taverne et al. 2019 - [[Paleocene]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taverne |first=Louis |last2=Putter |first2=Thierry DE |last3=Mees |first3=Florias |last4=Smith |first4=Thierry |date=2019-01-01 |title=Cabindachanos dartevellei gen. and sp. nov., a new chanid fish (Ostariophysi, Gonorynchiformes) from the marine Paleocene of Cabinda (Central Africa) |url=https://popups.uliege.be/1374-8505/index.php?id=6129 |journal=Geologica Belgica |language=en |doi=10.20341/gb.2018.011 |issn=1374-8505|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
**** †''[[Cabindachanos]]'' Taverne et al. 2019 - [[Paleocene]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taverne |first=Louis |last2=Putter |first2=Thierry DE |last3=Mees |first3=Florias |last4=Smith |first4=Thierry |date=2019-01-01 |title=Cabindachanos dartevellei gen. and sp. nov., a new chanid fish (Ostariophysi, Gonorynchiformes) from the marine Paleocene of Cabinda (Central Africa) |url=https://popups.uliege.be/1374-8505/index.php?id=6129 |journal=Geologica Belgica |language=en |doi=10.20341/gb.2018.011 |issn=1374-8505|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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**** ?†''[[Coelogaster]]'' Eastman, 1905 - Eocene<ref name=":0" /> |
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**** Subfamily †[[Rubiesichthyinae]] Poyata-Ariza 1996 |
**** Subfamily †[[Rubiesichthyinae]] Poyata-Ariza 1996 |
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***** Genus †''[[Gordichthys]]'' Poyata-Ariza 1994- Early Cretaceous Chanid |
***** Genus †''[[Gordichthys]]'' Poyata-Ariza 1994- Early Cretaceous Chanid |
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**** Subfamily Chaninae |
**** Subfamily Chaninae |
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***** Genus †''[[Aethalionopsis]]'' Gaudant 1967 - Early [[Cretaceous]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Diogo |first=Francisco José Poyato-Ariza, Terry Grande, Rui |title=Gonorynchiform Interrelationships: Historic Overview, Analysis, and Revised Systematics of the Group |date=2010 |work=Gonorynchiformes and Ostariophysan Relationships |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/b10194-7/gonorynchiform-interrelationships-historic-overview-analysis-revised-systematics-group-francisco-jos%C3%A9-poyato-ariza-terry-grande-rui-diogo |access-date=2024-02-06 |publisher=CRC Press |doi=10.1201/b10194-7/gonorynchiform-interrelationships-historic-overview-analysis-revised-systematics-group-francisco-jos%C3%A9-poyato-ariza-terry-grande-rui-diogo |isbn=978-0-429-06156-1}}</ref> |
***** Genus †''[[Aethalionopsis]]'' Gaudant 1967 - Early [[Cretaceous]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Diogo |first=Francisco José Poyato-Ariza, Terry Grande, Rui |title=Gonorynchiform Interrelationships: Historic Overview, Analysis, and Revised Systematics of the Group |date=2010 |work=Gonorynchiformes and Ostariophysan Relationships |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/b10194-7/gonorynchiform-interrelationships-historic-overview-analysis-revised-systematics-group-francisco-jos%C3%A9-poyato-ariza-terry-grande-rui-diogo |access-date=2024-02-06 |publisher=CRC Press |doi=10.1201/b10194-7/gonorynchiform-interrelationships-historic-overview-analysis-revised-systematics-group-francisco-jos%C3%A9-poyato-ariza-terry-grande-rui-diogo |isbn=978-0-429-06156-1}}</ref> |
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***** Genus †''[[Caeus]]'' Costa 1860 - Early Cretaceous<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taverne |first=Louis |last2=Capasso |first2=Luigi |date=2017 |title=Osteology and relationships of Caeus ( “ Chanos ” ) leopoldi ( Teleostei , Gonorynchiformes , Chanidae ) from the marine Albian ( Early Cretaceous ) of Pietraroja ( Campania , southern Italy ) |url=https://museodistorianaturale.comune.verona.it/media/_Musei/_StoriaNaturale/_Allegati/Biblioteca/Bollettino/Bollettino%2041(2017)/Geologia/01_Taverne_Capasso_bassa.pdf |journal=Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona |volume=41 |pages=03-20}}</ref> |
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***** Genus ''[[Chanos chanos|Chanos]]'' Lacépède 1803 |
***** Genus ''[[Chanos chanos|Chanos]]'' Lacépède 1803 |
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***** Genus †''[[Dastilbe]]'' Jordan 1910 - Early Cretaceous Chanid |
***** Genus †''[[Dastilbe]]'' Jordan 1910 - Early Cretaceous Chanid |
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***** Genus †''[[Parachanos]]'' Arambourg & Schneegans 1935 - Early Cretaceous Chanid |
***** Genus †''[[Parachanos]]'' Arambourg & Schneegans 1935 - Early Cretaceous Chanid |
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***** Genus †''[[Tharrhias]]'' Jordan & Branner 1908 - Early Cretaceous Chanid |
***** Genus †''[[Tharrhias]]'' Jordan & Branner 1908 - Early Cretaceous Chanid |
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***** Genus †''[[Vango ( |
***** Genus †''[[Vango (fish)|Vango]]'' Murray ''et al.'' 2023 - Late Cretaceous Chanid<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murray |first=Alison M. |last2=Brinkman |first2=Donald B. |last3=Friedman |first3=Matt |last4=Krause |first4=David W. |date=2023-10-17 |title=A large, freshwater chanid fish (Ostariophysi: Gonorynchiformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of Madagascar |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2023.2255630 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2255630 |issn=0272-4634}}</ref> |
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** '''Suborder Knerioidei''' |
** '''Suborder Knerioidei''' |
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*** '''Family [[Kneriidae]]''' Günther 1868 |
*** '''Family [[Kneriidae]]''' Günther 1868 |
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| Gonorynchiformes
Temporal range: Berriasian–present
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| Milkfish, Chanos chanos | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Superorder: | Ostariophysi |
| Order: | Gonorynchiformes L. S. Berg, 1940 |
| Type species | |
| Gonorynchus gonorynchus (Linnaeus, 1766) | |
| Families | |
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Chanidae (milkfish) | |
The Gonorynchiformes /ɡɒnəˈrɪŋkɪfɔːrmiːz/ are an orderofray-finned fish that includes the important food source, the milkfish (Chanos chanos, family Chanidae), and a number of lesser-known types, both marine and freshwater.
The alternate spelling "Gonorhynchiformes", with an "h", is frequently seen but not official.
Gonorynchiformes have small mouths and no teeth. They are the sole group in the clade Anotophysi, a subgroup of the superorder Ostariophysi. They are characterized by a primitive Weberian apparatus formed by the first three vertebrae and one or more cephalic ribs within the head. This apparatus is believed to be a hearing organ, and is found in a more advanced and complex form in the related cypriniform fish, such as carp.[1] Also like the cypriniforms, the gonorynchiforms produce a substance from their skin when injured that dissolves into the water and acts an alarm signal to other fish.[2]
Although many of the families are rather small, there are several fossil genera. This listing of the groups of Gonorynchiformes includes fossil fish with a short description.[1][3] They are listed in approximate order of how primitive their characteristics are.
| Phylogeny of living Gonorynchiformes[4] |
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
| Gonorynchiformes |
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