Gonorynchiformes: Difference between revisions

{{Short description|Order of fishes}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = {{fossil range|143.1|0|[[Berriasian]]–present}}

| taxon = Gonorynchiformes

| authority = [[Lev Berg|L. S. Berg]], 1940

| subdivision = [[Chanidae]] (milkfish)<br />

[[Gonorynchidae]] (beaked salmons)<br />

[[Kneriidae]] (shellears)<br />

| type_species = [[Gonorynchus gonorynchus]]

| type_species_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766)

The '''Gonorynchiformes''' {{IPAc-en|g|ɒ|n|ə|ˈ|r|I|N|k|ᵻ|f|ɔːr|m|iː|z}} are an [[order (biology)|order]] of [[Actinopterygii|ray-finned fish]] that includes the important food source, the [[milkfish]] (''Chanos chanos'', family [[Chanidae]]), and a number of lesser-known types, both [[ocean|marine]] and [[freshwater]].

Gonorynchiformes have small mouths and no teeth. They are the sole group in the clade Anotophysi, a subgroup of the superorder [[Ostariophysi]]. They are characterized by a primitive [[Weberian apparatus]] formed by the first three vertebrae and one or more cephalic ribs within the head. This apparatus is believed to be a hearing organ, and is found in a more advanced and complex form in the related [[Cypriniformes|cypriniform]] fish, such as [[carp]].<ref name="Nelson">{{cite book | title = Fishes of the World | last = Nelson | first = Joseph, S. | publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | year = 2006 | isbn = 0-471-25031-7}}</ref> Also like the cypriniforms, the gonorynchiforms produce a substance from their skin when injured that dissolves into the water and acts an alarm signal to other fish.<ref name=EoF>{{cite book |editor=Paxton, J.R. |editor2=Eschmeyer, W.N.|author= Banister, Keith F.|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Fishes|publisher= Academic Press|location=San Diego|pages= 96–97|isbn= 0-12-547665-5}}</ref>

Although many of the families are rather small, there are several fossil genera. This listing of the groups of Gonorynchiformes includes fossil fish with a short description.<ref name="Nelson"/><ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Taverne |first=Emmanuel Fara, Mireille Gayet, Louis |title=The Fossil Record of Gonorynchiformes |date=2010 |work=Gonorynchiformes and Ostariophysan Relationships |url=https://hal.science/hal-00441945/document |access-date=2024-05-09 |publisher=CRC Press |doi=10.1201/b10194-6/fossil-record-gonorynchiformes-emmanuel-fara-mireille-gayet-louis-taverne |isbn=978-0-429-06156-1}}</ref> They are listed in approximate order of how primitive their characteristics are.

{{cladogram

|title=Phylogeny of living Gonorynchiformes<ref name="Near, Dornburga & Friedman">Thomas J. Near, Alex Dornburga, Matt Friedman (2014): ''Phylogenetic relationships and timing of diversification in gonorynchiform fishes inferred using nuclear gene DNA sequences (Teleostei: Ostariophysi).'' Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, [[DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.013]]</ref>

|{{clade|style=font-size:80%;line-height:100%;width:300px;

|label1=Gonorynchiformes

|1={{clade

|label1=Gonorynchidae

|1=''[[Gonorynchus]]''

|2={{clade

|label1=[[Chanidae]]

|1=''[[Chanos (fish)|Chanos]]''

|label2=[[Kneriidae]]

|2={{clade

|label1=Phractolaeminae

|1=''[[Phractolaemus]]''

|label2=Kneriinae

|2={{clade

|1=''[[Kneria]]''

|2={{clade

|1=''[[Parakneria]]''

|label2=Cromeriini

|2={{clade

|1=''[[Cromeria]]''

|2=''[[Grasseichthys]]''

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

* '''Order''' †'''Sorbininardiformes''' Taverne 1999

** '''Family''' †'''Sorbininardidae''' Taverne 1999

*** Genus †''[[Sorbininardus]]'' Taverne 1999

* '''Order Gonorynchiformes''' Regan 1909<ref>{{cite web |last1 = Mikko Haaramo |title=Gonorynchiformes |website=Mikko's Phylogeny Archive |access-date= 2013-10-26 |url=http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/actinopterygii/gonorynchiformes/gonorynchiformes.html}}</ref>

** '''Suborder Gonorynchoidei''' - beaked sandfishes

*** '''Family''' †'''[[Apulichthyidae]]''' Taverne 1997

**** Genus †''[[Apulichthys]]'' Taverne 1997

*** '''Family [[Gonorynchidae]]''' Fowler 1941

**** †''[[Charitopsis (fish)|Charitopsis]]'' Gayet 1993 non Trjapitzin 1969

**** †''[[Gonorynchidarum]]'' Rana, 1988 otolith

**** †''[[Hakeliosomus]]'' Gayet 1993

**** †''[[Ramallichthys]]'' Gayet 1982

**** †''[[Sapperichthys]]'' Amaral, Alvardo-Ortega & Brito, 2013

**** Subfamily †Charitosominae

***** †''[[Charitosomus]]'' Hosius & Von Der Marck 1885 - Cretaceous

**** Subfamily †Judeichthyinae

***** †''[[Judeichthys]]'' Gayet 1985

**** Subfamily Gonorynchinae

***** †''[[Lecceichthys]]'' Taverne, 1998

***** †''[[Notogoneus]]'' Cope 1885 - from North America, Europe, Australia; some freshwater; Late Cretaceous to Oligocene (=†''Anormurus'' [[Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville|Blainville]], 1818, †''Protocatostomus'' Whitfield 1891)

***** ''[[Gonorynchus]]'' Gronow 1763 ex Scopoli 1777

** '''Suborder Chanoidei''' Berg 1937

*** Family '''[[Chanidae]]''' Günther 1868 (milkfishes)

**** †''[[Cabindachanos]]'' Taverne et al. 2019 - [[Paleocene]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taverne |first=Louis |last2=Putter |first2=Thierry DE |last3=Mees |first3=Florias |last4=Smith |first4=Thierry |date=2019-01-01 |title=Cabindachanos dartevellei gen. and sp. nov., a new chanid fish (Ostariophysi, Gonorynchiformes) from the marine Paleocene of Cabinda (Central Africa) |url=https://popups.uliege.be/1374-8505/index.php?id=6129 |journal=Geologica Belgica |language=en |doi=10.20341/gb.2018.011 |issn=1374-8505|doi-access=free }}</ref>

**** ?†''[[Coelogaster]]'' Eastman, 1905 - Eocene<ref name=":0" />

**** Subfamily †[[Rubiesichthyinae]] Poyata-Ariza 1996

***** Genus †''[[Gordichthys]]'' Poyata-Ariza 1994- Early Cretaceous Chanid

***** Genus †''[[Nanaichthys]]'' Amaral & Brito 2012

***** Genus †''[[Rubiesichthys]]'' Wenz 1984 - Early Cretaceous Chanid

**** Subfamily Chaninae

***** Genus †''[[Aethalionopsis]]'' Gaudant 1967 - Early [[Cretaceous]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Diogo |first=Francisco José Poyato-Ariza, Terry Grande, Rui |title=Gonorynchiform Interrelationships: Historic Overview, Analysis, and Revised Systematics of the Group |date=2010 |work=Gonorynchiformes and Ostariophysan Relationships |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/b10194-7/gonorynchiform-interrelationships-historic-overview-analysis-revised-systematics-group-francisco-jos%C3%A9-poyato-ariza-terry-grande-rui-diogo |access-date=2024-02-06 |publisher=CRC Press |doi=10.1201/b10194-7/gonorynchiform-interrelationships-historic-overview-analysis-revised-systematics-group-francisco-jos%C3%A9-poyato-ariza-terry-grande-rui-diogo |isbn=978-0-429-06156-1}}</ref>

***** Genus †''[[Caeus]]'' Costa 1860 - Early Cretaceous<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taverne |first=Louis |last2=Capasso |first2=Luigi |date=2017 |title=Osteology and relationships of Caeus ( “ Chanos ” ) leopoldi ( Teleostei , Gonorynchiformes , Chanidae ) from the marine Albian ( Early Cretaceous ) of Pietraroja ( Campania , southern Italy ) |url=https://museodistorianaturale.comune.verona.it/media/_Musei/_StoriaNaturale/_Allegati/Biblioteca/Bollettino/Bollettino%2041(2017)/Geologia/01_Taverne_Capasso_bassa.pdf |journal=Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona |volume=41 |pages=03-20}}</ref>

***** Genus ''[[Chanos chanos|Chanos]]'' Lacépède 1803

***** Genus †''[[Dastilbe]]'' Jordan 1910 - Early Cretaceous Chanid

***** Genus †''[[Francischanos]]'' Ribeiro ''et al.'' 2022 - Early Cretaceous Chanid<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ribeiro |first=Alexandre C. |last2=Bockmann |first2=Flávio A. |last3=Poyato-Ariza |first3=Francisco J. |date=2022-07-01 |title=Francischanos, a replacement genus for Dastilbe moraesi Silva-Santos, 1955, from the Quiricó Formation, Lower Cretaceous of the Sanfranciscana basin, Brazil (Ostariophysi: Gonorynchiformes) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667122000763 |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=135 |pages=105212 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105212 |issn=0195-6671}}</ref>

***** Genus †''[[Parachanos]]'' Arambourg & Schneegans 1935 - Early Cretaceous Chanid

***** Genus †''[[Tharrhias]]'' Jordan & Branner 1908 - Early Cretaceous Chanid

***** Genus †''[[Vango (fish)|Vango]]'' Murray ''et al.'' 2023 - Late Cretaceous Chanid<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murray |first=Alison M. |last2=Brinkman |first2=Donald B. |last3=Friedman |first3=Matt |last4=Krause |first4=David W. |date=2023-10-17 |title=A large, freshwater chanid fish (Ostariophysi: Gonorynchiformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of Madagascar |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2023.2255630 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2255630 |issn=0272-4634}}</ref>

** '''Suborder Knerioidei'''

*** '''Family [[Kneriidae]]''' Günther 1868

**** Genus †''[[Mahengichthys]]'' Davis, Arratia & Kaiser 2013

**** Subfamily Kneriinae (Shellears)

***** Tribe Cromeriini

****** Genus ''[[Cromeria]]'' Boulenger 1901

****** Genus ''[[Grasseichthys]]'' Géry 1964

***** Tribe Kneriini

****** Genus ''[[Kneria]]'' Steindachner 1866

****** Genus ''[[Parakneria]]'' Poll 1965

*** Family '''[[Phractolaemidae]]'''

**** Genus ''[[Phractolaemus]]'' Boulenger 1901 (Hingemouths/snake mudheads)

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM7 from: -99.6 till: -97.6 text: [[Charitopsis (fish)|Charitopsis]]

color:eocene bar:NAM16 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: [[Chanos chanos|Chanos]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

* {{cite journal|last=Sepkoski |first=Jack |title=A compendium of fossil marine animal genera |journal=Bulletins of American Paleontology |volume=364 |page=560 |year=2002 |url=http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class |access-date=2011-05-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723131237/http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class |archive-date=2011-07-23 }}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q755012}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Extant Berriasian first appearances]]

[[Category:Ray-finned fish orders]]

[[Category:Taxa named by Lev Berg]]