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{{Short description|Order of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range =
| image = milkfish.jpg
| image_caption = [[Milkfish]], ''[[Chanos chanos]]''
| taxon = Gonorynchiformes
|
| subdivision_ranks = Families
| subdivision = [[Chanidae]] (milkfish)<br />
[[
[[
[[Phractolaemidae]] (hingemouths)
| type_species = [[Gonorynchus gonorynchus]]
| type_species_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766)
}}
The '''Gonorynchiformes'''
The alternate spelling "Gonorhynchiformes", with an "h", is frequently seen but not official.
Gonorynchiformes have small mouths and no teeth. They are the sole group in the clade Anotophysi, a subgroup of the superorder [[Ostariophysi]]. They are characterized by a primitive [[Weberian apparatus]] formed by the first three vertebrae and one or more cephalic ribs within the head. This apparatus is believed to be a hearing organ, and is found in a more advanced and complex form in the related [[Cypriniformes|cypriniform]] fish, such as [[carp]].<ref name="Nelson">{{cite book | title = Fishes of the World | last = Nelson | first = Joseph, S. | publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | year = 2006 | isbn = 0-471-25031-7}}</ref> Also like the cypriniforms, the gonorynchiforms produce a substance from their skin when injured that dissolves into the water and acts an alarm signal to other fish.<ref name=EoF>{{cite book |editor=Paxton, J.R.
== Taxonomy ==
Although many of the families are rather small, there are several fossil genera.
{{cladogram
|title=Phylogeny of living Gonorynchiformes<ref name="Near, Dornburga & Friedman">Thomas J. Near, Alex Dornburga, Matt Friedman (2014): ''Phylogenetic relationships and timing of diversification in gonorynchiform fishes inferred using nuclear gene DNA sequences (Teleostei: Ostariophysi).'' Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, [[DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.013]]</ref>
|{{clade|style=font-size:80%;line-height:100%;width:300px;
|label1=Gonorynchiformes
|1={{clade
|label1=Gonorynchidae
|1=''[[Gonorynchus]]''
|2={{clade
|label1=[[Chanidae]]
|1=''[[Chanos (fish)|Chanos]]''
|label2=[[Kneriidae]]
|2={{clade
|label1=Phractolaeminae
|1=''[[Phractolaemus]]''
|label2=Kneriinae
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Kneria]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Parakneria]]''
|label2=Cromeriini
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Cromeria]]''
|2=''[[Grasseichthys]]''
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
* '''Order''' †'''Sorbininardiformes'''
* '''Order Gonorynchiformes''' Regan 1909<ref>{{cite web |last1 = Mikko Haaramo |title=Gonorynchiformes |website=Mikko's Phylogeny Archive |access-date= 2013-10-26 |url=http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/actinopterygii/gonorynchiformes/gonorynchiformes.html}}</ref>
** '''Suborder Gonorynchoidei''' - beaked sandfishes
*** '''Family''' †'''[[Apulichthyidae]]''' Taverne 1997
**** †''[[Charitopsis (fish)|Charitopsis]]'' Gayet 1993 non Trjapitzin 1969
**** †''[[Gonorynchidarum]]'' Rana, 1988 otolith
**** †''[[Hakeliosomus]]'' Gayet 1993
**** †''[[Sapperichthys]]'' Amaral, Alvardo-Ortega & Brito, 2013
**** Subfamily †Charitosominae
***** †''[[Charitosomus]]'' Hosius & Von Der Marck 1885 - Cretaceous
**** Subfamily †Judeichthyinae
***** †''[[Judeichthys]]'' Gayet 1985
**** Subfamily Gonorynchinae
***** †''[[Lecceichthys]]'' Taverne, 1998
***** †''[[Notogoneus]]'' Cope 1885 - from North America, Europe, Australia; some freshwater; Late Cretaceous to Oligocene (=†''Anormurus'' [[Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville|Blainville]], 1818, †''Protocatostomus'' Whitfield 1891)
***** ''[[Gonorynchus]]'' Gronow 1763 ex Scopoli 1777
** '''Suborder Chanoidei''' Berg 1937
**** †''[[Cabindachanos]]'' Taverne et al. 2019 - [[Paleocene]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taverne |first=Louis |last2=Putter |first2=Thierry DE |last3=Mees |first3=Florias |last4=Smith |first4=Thierry |date=2019-01-01 |title=Cabindachanos dartevellei gen. and sp. nov., a new chanid fish (Ostariophysi, Gonorynchiformes) from the marine Paleocene of Cabinda (Central Africa) |url=https://popups.uliege.be/1374-8505/index.php?id=6129 |journal=Geologica Belgica |language=en |doi=10.20341/gb.2018.011 |issn=1374-8505|doi-access=free }}</ref>
**** ?†''[[Coelogaster]]'' Eastman, 1905 - Eocene<ref name=":0" />
**** Subfamily †[[Rubiesichthyinae]] Poyata-Ariza 1996
***** Genus †''[[Gordichthys]]'' Poyata-Ariza 1994- Early Cretaceous Chanid
***** Genus †''[[Nanaichthys]]'' Amaral & Brito 2012
***** Genus †''[[Rubiesichthys]]'' Wenz 1984 - Early Cretaceous Chanid
**** Subfamily Chaninae
***** Genus †''[[Aethalionopsis]]'' Gaudant 1967 - Early [[Cretaceous]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Diogo |first=Francisco José Poyato-Ariza, Terry Grande, Rui |title=Gonorynchiform Interrelationships: Historic Overview, Analysis, and Revised Systematics of the Group |date=2010 |work=Gonorynchiformes and Ostariophysan Relationships |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/b10194-7/gonorynchiform-interrelationships-historic-overview-analysis-revised-systematics-group-francisco-jos%C3%A9-poyato-ariza-terry-grande-rui-diogo |access-date=2024-02-06 |publisher=CRC Press |doi=10.1201/b10194-7/gonorynchiform-interrelationships-historic-overview-analysis-revised-systematics-group-francisco-jos%C3%A9-poyato-ariza-terry-grande-rui-diogo |isbn=978-0-429-06156-1}}</ref>
***** Genus †''[[Caeus]]'' Costa 1860 - Early Cretaceous<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taverne |first=Louis |last2=Capasso |first2=Luigi |date=2017 |title=Osteology and relationships of Caeus ( “ Chanos ” ) leopoldi ( Teleostei , Gonorynchiformes , Chanidae ) from the marine Albian ( Early Cretaceous ) of Pietraroja ( Campania , southern Italy ) |url=https://museodistorianaturale.comune.verona.it/media/_Musei/_StoriaNaturale/_Allegati/Biblioteca/Bollettino/Bollettino%2041(2017)/Geologia/01_Taverne_Capasso_bassa.pdf |journal=Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona |volume=41 |pages=03-20}}</ref>
***** Genus ''[[Chanos chanos|Chanos]]'' Lacépède 1803
***** Genus †''[[Dastilbe]]'' Jordan 1910 - Early Cretaceous Chanid
***** Genus †''[[Francischanos]]'' Ribeiro ''et al.'' 2022 - Early Cretaceous Chanid<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ribeiro |first=Alexandre C. |last2=Bockmann |first2=Flávio A. |last3=Poyato-Ariza |first3=Francisco J. |date=2022-07-01 |title=Francischanos, a replacement genus for Dastilbe moraesi Silva-Santos, 1955, from the Quiricó Formation, Lower Cretaceous of the Sanfranciscana basin, Brazil (Ostariophysi: Gonorynchiformes) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667122000763 |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=135 |pages=105212 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105212 |issn=0195-6671}}</ref>
***** Genus †''[[Parachanos]]'' Arambourg & Schneegans 1935 - Early Cretaceous Chanid
***** Genus †''[[Tharrhias]]'' Jordan & Branner 1908 - Early Cretaceous Chanid
***** Genus †''[[Vango (fish)|Vango]]'' Murray ''et al.'' 2023 - Late Cretaceous Chanid<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murray |first=Alison M. |last2=Brinkman |first2=Donald B. |last3=Friedman |first3=Matt |last4=Krause |first4=David W. |date=2023-10-17 |title=A large, freshwater chanid fish (Ostariophysi: Gonorynchiformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of Madagascar |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2023.2255630 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2255630 |issn=0272-4634}}</ref>
** '''Suborder Knerioidei'''
*** '''Family [[Kneriidae]]''' Günther 1868
**** Genus †''[[Mahengichthys]]'' Davis, Arratia & Kaiser 2013
**** Subfamily Kneriinae (Shellears)
***** Tribe Cromeriini
****** Genus ''[[Cromeria]]'' Boulenger 1901
****** Genus ''[[Grasseichthys]]'' Géry 1964
***** Tribe Kneriini
****** Genus ''[[Kneria]]'' Steindachner 1866
****** Genus ''[[Parakneria]]'' Poll 1965
*** Family '''[[Phractolaemidae]]'''
**** Genus ''[[Phractolaemus]]'' Boulenger 1901 (Hingemouths/snake mudheads)
==Timeline of genera==
Line 118 ⟶ 164:
bar:NAM16
bar:NAM17
bar:space
Line 155 ⟶ 200:
color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM5 from: -125 till: -112 text: [[Tharrhias]]
color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM6 from: -125 till: -93.5 text: [[Caeus]]
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM7 from: -99.6 till: -97.6 text: [[Charitopsis (fish)|Charitopsis]]
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM8 from: -99.6 till: -97.6 text: [[Judeichthys]]
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM9 from: -99.6 till: -97.6 text: [[Ramallichthys]]
Line 164 ⟶ 209:
color:eocene bar:NAM14 from: -55.8 till: -33.9 text: [[Coelogaster]]
color:eocene bar:NAM15 from: -55.8 till: -23.03 text: [[Notogoneus]]
color:eocene bar:NAM16 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: [[Chanos chanos|Chanos]]
color:oligocene bar:NAM17 from: -33.9 till: -28.4 text: [[Neohalecopsis]]
PlotData=
Line 190 ⟶ 234:
</timeline>
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite journal|last=Sepkoski |first=Jack |title=A compendium of fossil marine animal genera |journal=Bulletins of American Paleontology |volume=364 |page=560 |year=2002 |url=http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class |access-date=2011-05-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723131237/http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class |archive-date=2011-07-23 }}
{{Actinopterygii}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q755012}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Gonorynchiformes| ]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Ray-finned fish orders]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Lev Berg]]
|
Gonorynchiformes
Temporal range: Berriasian–present
| |
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![]() | |
Milkfish, Chanos chanos | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Superorder: | Ostariophysi |
Order: | Gonorynchiformes L. S. Berg, 1940 |
Type species | |
Gonorynchus gonorynchus (Linnaeus, 1766) | |
Families | |
Chanidae (milkfish) |
The Gonorynchiformes /ɡɒnəˈrɪŋkɪfɔːrmiːz/ are an orderofray-finned fish that includes the important food source, the milkfish (Chanos chanos, family Chanidae), and a number of lesser-known types, both marine and freshwater.
The alternate spelling "Gonorhynchiformes", with an "h", is frequently seen but not official.
Gonorynchiformes have small mouths and no teeth. They are the sole group in the clade Anotophysi, a subgroup of the superorder Ostariophysi. They are characterized by a primitive Weberian apparatus formed by the first three vertebrae and one or more cephalic ribs within the head. This apparatus is believed to be a hearing organ, and is found in a more advanced and complex form in the related cypriniform fish, such as carp.[1] Also like the cypriniforms, the gonorynchiforms produce a substance from their skin when injured that dissolves into the water and acts an alarm signal to other fish.[2]
Although many of the families are rather small, there are several fossil genera. This listing of the groups of Gonorynchiformes includes fossil fish with a short description.[1][3] They are listed in approximate order of how primitive their characteristics are.
Phylogeny of living Gonorynchiformes[4] |
{{citation}}
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{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Gonorynchiformes |
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