Category:Bony fish orders
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{{Short description|Order of fishes}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
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| fossil_range = |
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|143.1|0|[[Berriasian]]–present}} |
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| image = milkfish.jpg |
| image = milkfish.jpg |
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| image_caption = [[Milkfish]], ''[[Chanos chanos]]'' |
| image_caption = [[Milkfish]], ''[[Chanos chanos]]'' |
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| regnum = [[Animal]]ia |
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| authority = [[Lev Berg|L. S. Berg]], 1940 |
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| classis = [[Actinopterygii]] |
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| superordo = [[Ostariophysi]] |
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| ordo = '''Gonorynchiformes''' |
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| ordo_authority = [[Lev Berg|L. S. Berg]], 1940 |
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| subdivision_ranks = Families |
| subdivision_ranks = Families |
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| subdivision = |
| subdivision = [[Chanidae]] (milkfish)<br /> |
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[[ |
[[Gonorynchidae]] (beaked salmons)<br /> |
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[[ |
[[Kneriidae]] (shellears)<br /> |
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[[Kneriidae]] (shellears)<br> |
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[[Phractolaemidae]] (hingemouths) |
[[Phractolaemidae]] (hingemouths) |
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| type_species = [[Gonorynchus gonorynchus]] |
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| type_species_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766) |
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The '''Gonorynchiformes''' are an [[order (biology)|order]] of [[Actinopterygii|ray-finned fish]] that includes the important food source, the [[milkfish]] (''Chanos chanos'', family [[Chanidae]]), and a number of lesser-known types, both [[ocean|marine]] and [[freshwater]]. |
The '''Gonorynchiformes''' {{IPAc-en|g|ɒ|n|ə|ˈ|r|I|N|k|ᵻ|f|ɔːr|m|iː|z}} are an [[order (biology)|order]] of [[Actinopterygii|ray-finned fish]] that includes the important food source, the [[milkfish]] (''Chanos chanos'', family [[Chanidae]]), and a number of lesser-known types, both [[ocean|marine]] and [[freshwater]]. |
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The alternate spelling "Gonorhynchiformes", with an "h", is frequently seen but not official. |
The alternate spelling "Gonorhynchiformes", with an "h", is frequently seen but not official. |
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== Taxonomy == |
== Taxonomy == |
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Although many of the families are rather small, there are several fossil genera. This listing of the groups of Gonorynchiformes includes fossil fish with a short description.<ref name="Nelson"/> They are listed in approximate order of how primitive their characteristics are. |
Although many of the families are rather small, there are several fossil genera. This listing of the groups of Gonorynchiformes includes fossil fish with a short description.<ref name="Nelson"/><ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Taverne |first=Emmanuel Fara, Mireille Gayet, Louis |title=The Fossil Record of Gonorynchiformes |date=2010 |work=Gonorynchiformes and Ostariophysan Relationships |url=https://hal.science/hal-00441945/document |access-date=2024-05-09 |publisher=CRC Press |doi=10.1201/b10194-6/fossil-record-gonorynchiformes-emmanuel-fara-mireille-gayet-louis-taverne |isbn=978-0-429-06156-1}}</ref> They are listed in approximate order of how primitive their characteristics are. |
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{{cladogram |
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|title=Phylogeny of living Gonorynchiformes<ref name="Near, Dornburga & Friedman">Thomas J. Near, Alex Dornburga, Matt Friedman (2014): ''Phylogenetic relationships and timing of diversification in gonorynchiform fishes inferred using nuclear gene DNA sequences (Teleostei: Ostariophysi).'' Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, [[DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.013]]</ref> |
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{{clade|style=font-size:80%;line-height:100%;width: |
|{{clade|style=font-size:80%;line-height:100%;width:300px; |
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|label1=Gonorynchiformes |
|label1=Gonorynchiformes |
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|1={{clade |
|1={{clade |
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|label2=Kneriinae |
|label2=Kneriinae |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=[[Kneria]]'' |
|1=''[[Kneria]]'' |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1=''[[Parakneria]]'' |
|1=''[[Parakneria]]'' |
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* '''Order''' †'''Sorbininardiformes''' |
* '''Order''' †'''Sorbininardiformes''' Taverne 1999 |
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** '''Family''' †'''Sorbininardidae''' |
** '''Family''' †'''Sorbininardidae''' Taverne 1999 |
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*** Genus †''[[Sorbininardus]]'' |
*** Genus †''[[Sorbininardus]]'' Taverne 1999 |
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* '''Order Gonorynchiformes''' |
* '''Order Gonorynchiformes''' Regan 1909<ref>{{cite web |last1 = Mikko Haaramo |title=Gonorynchiformes |website=Mikko's Phylogeny Archive |access-date= 2013-10-26 |url=http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/actinopterygii/gonorynchiformes/gonorynchiformes.html}}</ref> |
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** '''Suborder Gonorynchoidei''' - beaked sandfishes |
** '''Suborder Gonorynchoidei''' - beaked sandfishes |
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*** '''Family''' †'''[[Apulichthyidae]]''' |
*** '''Family''' †'''[[Apulichthyidae]]''' Taverne 1997 |
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**** Genus †''[[Apulichthys]]'' |
**** Genus †''[[Apulichthys]]'' Taverne 1997 |
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*** '''Family [[Gonorynchidae]]''' |
*** '''Family [[Gonorynchidae]]''' Fowler 1941 |
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**** †''[[ |
**** †''[[Charitopsis (fish)|Charitopsis]]'' Gayet 1993 non Trjapitzin 1969 |
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**** †''[[ |
**** †''[[Gonorynchidarum]]'' Rana, 1988 otolith |
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**** †''[[ |
**** †''[[Hakeliosomus]]'' Gayet 1993 |
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**** †''[[ |
**** †''[[Ramallichthys]]'' Gayet 1982 |
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**** †''[[ |
**** †''[[Sapperichthys]]'' Amaral, Alvardo-Ortega & Brito, 2013 |
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**** †''[[Protocatostomus]]'' <small>Whitfield 1891</small> |
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**** †''[[Ramallichthys]]'' <small>Gayet 1982</small> |
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**** Subfamily †Charitosominae |
**** Subfamily †Charitosominae |
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***** †''[[Charitosomus]]'' |
***** †''[[Charitosomus]]'' Hosius & Von Der Marck 1885 - Cretaceous |
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**** Subfamily †Judeichthyinae |
**** Subfamily †Judeichthyinae |
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***** †''[[Judeichthys]]'' |
***** †''[[Judeichthys]]'' Gayet 1985 |
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**** Subfamily Gonorynchinae |
**** Subfamily Gonorynchinae |
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***** †''[[Lecceichthys]]'' Taverne, 1998 |
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***** †''[[Notogoneus]]'' |
***** †''[[Notogoneus]]'' Cope 1885 - from North America, Europe, Australia; some freshwater; Late Cretaceous to Oligocene (=†''Anormurus'' [[Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville|Blainville]], 1818, †''Protocatostomus'' Whitfield 1891) |
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***** ''[[Gonorynchus]]'' |
***** ''[[Gonorynchus]]'' Gronow 1763 ex Scopoli 1777 |
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** '''Suborder Chanoidei''' |
** '''Suborder Chanoidei''' Berg 1937 |
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*** †''[[Aethalinopsis]]'' <small>Gaudant 1967</small> - Early [[Cretaceous]]. |
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*** Family '''[[Chanidae]]''' |
*** Family '''[[Chanidae]]''' Günther 1868 (milkfishes) |
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**** †''[[Cabindachanos]]'' Taverne et al. 2019 - [[Paleocene]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taverne |first=Louis |last2=Putter |first2=Thierry DE |last3=Mees |first3=Florias |last4=Smith |first4=Thierry |date=2019-01-01 |title=Cabindachanos dartevellei gen. and sp. nov., a new chanid fish (Ostariophysi, Gonorynchiformes) from the marine Paleocene of Cabinda (Central Africa) |url=https://popups.uliege.be/1374-8505/index.php?id=6129 |journal=Geologica Belgica |language=en |doi=10.20341/gb.2018.011 |issn=1374-8505|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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**** Subfamily †[[Rubiesichthyinae]] |
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**** ?†''[[Coelogaster]]'' Eastman, 1905 - Eocene<ref name=":0" /> |
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***** Genus †''[[Nanaichthys]]'' |
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***** Genus †''[[ |
***** Genus †''[[Gordichthys]]'' Poyata-Ariza 1994- Early Cretaceous Chanid |
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⚫ | ***** Genus †''[[Rubiesichthys]]'' Wenz 1984 - Early Cretaceous Chanid |
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**** Subfamily Chaninae |
**** Subfamily Chaninae |
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***** Genus †''[[Aethalionopsis]]'' Gaudant 1967 - Early [[Cretaceous]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Diogo |first=Francisco José Poyato-Ariza, Terry Grande, Rui |title=Gonorynchiform Interrelationships: Historic Overview, Analysis, and Revised Systematics of the Group |date=2010 |work=Gonorynchiformes and Ostariophysan Relationships |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/b10194-7/gonorynchiform-interrelationships-historic-overview-analysis-revised-systematics-group-francisco-jos%C3%A9-poyato-ariza-terry-grande-rui-diogo |access-date=2024-02-06 |publisher=CRC Press |doi=10.1201/b10194-7/gonorynchiform-interrelationships-historic-overview-analysis-revised-systematics-group-francisco-jos%C3%A9-poyato-ariza-terry-grande-rui-diogo |isbn=978-0-429-06156-1}}</ref> |
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***** Genus ''[[Chanos chanos|Chanos]]'' |
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***** Genus †''[[Caeus]]'' Costa 1860 - Early Cretaceous<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taverne |first=Louis |last2=Capasso |first2=Luigi |date=2017 |title=Osteology and relationships of Caeus ( “ Chanos ” ) leopoldi ( Teleostei , Gonorynchiformes , Chanidae ) from the marine Albian ( Early Cretaceous ) of Pietraroja ( Campania , southern Italy ) |url=https://museodistorianaturale.comune.verona.it/media/_Musei/_StoriaNaturale/_Allegati/Biblioteca/Bollettino/Bollettino%2041(2017)/Geologia/01_Taverne_Capasso_bassa.pdf |journal=Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona |volume=41 |pages=03-20}}</ref> |
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***** Genus †''[[ |
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***** Genus †''[[Parachanos]]'' |
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***** Genus †''[[ |
***** Genus †''[[Dastilbe]]'' Jordan 1910 - Early Cretaceous Chanid |
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***** Genus †''[[Francischanos]]'' Ribeiro ''et al.'' 2022 - Early Cretaceous Chanid<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ribeiro |first=Alexandre C. |last2=Bockmann |first2=Flávio A. |last3=Poyato-Ariza |first3=Francisco J. |date=2022-07-01 |title=Francischanos, a replacement genus for Dastilbe moraesi Silva-Santos, 1955, from the Quiricó Formation, Lower Cretaceous of the Sanfranciscana basin, Brazil (Ostariophysi: Gonorynchiformes) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667122000763 |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=135 |pages=105212 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105212 |issn=0195-6671}}</ref> |
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⚫ | ***** Genus †''[[Parachanos]]'' Arambourg & Schneegans 1935 - Early Cretaceous Chanid |
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***** Genus †''[[Tharrhias]]'' Jordan & Branner 1908 - Early Cretaceous Chanid |
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***** Genus †''[[Vango (fish)|Vango]]'' Murray ''et al.'' 2023 - Late Cretaceous Chanid<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murray |first=Alison M. |last2=Brinkman |first2=Donald B. |last3=Friedman |first3=Matt |last4=Krause |first4=David W. |date=2023-10-17 |title=A large, freshwater chanid fish (Ostariophysi: Gonorynchiformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of Madagascar |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2023.2255630 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2255630 |issn=0272-4634}}</ref> |
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** '''Suborder Knerioidei''' |
** '''Suborder Knerioidei''' |
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*** '''Family [[Kneriidae]]''' |
*** '''Family [[Kneriidae]]''' Günther 1868 |
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**** Genus †''[[Mahengichthys]]'' |
**** Genus †''[[Mahengichthys]]'' Davis, Arratia & Kaiser 2013 |
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**** Subfamily Phractolaeminae |
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**** Subfamily Kneriinae (Shellears) |
**** Subfamily Kneriinae (Shellears) |
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***** Tribe Cromeriini |
***** Tribe Cromeriini |
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****** Genus ''[[Cromeria]]'' |
****** Genus ''[[Cromeria]]'' Boulenger 1901 |
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****** Genus ''[[Grasseichthys]]'' |
****** Genus ''[[Grasseichthys]]'' Géry 1964 |
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***** Tribe Kneriini |
***** Tribe Kneriini |
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****** Genus ''[[Kneria]]'' |
****** Genus ''[[Kneria]]'' Steindachner 1866 |
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****** Genus ''[[Parakneria]]'' |
****** Genus ''[[Parakneria]]'' Poll 1965 |
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*** Family '''[[Phractolaemidae]]''' |
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⚫ | **** Genus ''[[Phractolaemus]]'' Boulenger 1901 (Hingemouths/snake mudheads) |
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==Timeline of genera== |
==Timeline of genera== |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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* {{cite journal|last=Sepkoski |first=Jack |title=A compendium of fossil marine animal genera |journal=Bulletins of American Paleontology |volume=364 |page=560 |year=2002 |url=http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class | |
* {{cite journal|last=Sepkoski |first=Jack |title=A compendium of fossil marine animal genera |journal=Bulletins of American Paleontology |volume=364 |page=560 |year=2002 |url=http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class |access-date=2011-05-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723131237/http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class |archive-date=2011-07-23 }} |
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{{Actinopterygii}} |
{{Actinopterygii}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q755012}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Gonorynchiformes| ]] |
[[Category:Gonorynchiformes| ]] |
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[[Category:Extant |
[[Category:Extant Berriasian first appearances]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Ray-finned fish orders]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Lev Berg]] |
[[Category:Taxa named by Lev Berg]] |
Gonorynchiformes
Temporal range: Berriasian–present
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Milkfish, Chanos chanos | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Superorder: | Ostariophysi |
Order: | Gonorynchiformes L. S. Berg, 1940 |
Type species | |
Gonorynchus gonorynchus (Linnaeus, 1766) | |
Families | |
Chanidae (milkfish) |
The Gonorynchiformes /ɡɒnəˈrɪŋkɪfɔːrmiːz/ are an orderofray-finned fish that includes the important food source, the milkfish (Chanos chanos, family Chanidae), and a number of lesser-known types, both marine and freshwater.
The alternate spelling "Gonorhynchiformes", with an "h", is frequently seen but not official.
Gonorynchiformes have small mouths and no teeth. They are the sole group in the clade Anotophysi, a subgroup of the superorder Ostariophysi. They are characterized by a primitive Weberian apparatus formed by the first three vertebrae and one or more cephalic ribs within the head. This apparatus is believed to be a hearing organ, and is found in a more advanced and complex form in the related cypriniform fish, such as carp.[1] Also like the cypriniforms, the gonorynchiforms produce a substance from their skin when injured that dissolves into the water and acts an alarm signal to other fish.[2]
Although many of the families are rather small, there are several fossil genera. This listing of the groups of Gonorynchiformes includes fossil fish with a short description.[1][3] They are listed in approximate order of how primitive their characteristics are.
Phylogeny of living Gonorynchiformes[4] |
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Gonorynchiformes |
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Authority control databases: National ![]() |
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