Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program: Difference between revisions

The '''Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program''' is a series of spacecraft missions for testing technology and ideas put forward by universities and private companies. The program demonstrates various experimental devices and technology in space by providing flight opportunities. It is managed by the [[JAXA]] Research and Development Directorate. According to JAXA, the goal of this program is to test high risk, innovative technology that will lead to the space industry gaining competitiveness in the international field.<ref name="jaxapr201812">{{cite web |url=http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2018/12/files/20181219_kakushin.pdf |publisher=[[JAXA]] |date=19 December 2018 |access-date=2019-01-18 |language=ja |script-title=ja:革新的衛星技術実証1号機について}}</ref>

==Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-1==

Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-1 was the first mission in the Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program. The mission included several spacecraft, the largest being [[RAPIS-1]], along with six smaller satellites. The call for proposals was announced in 2015, and selection results were announced in February 2016.<ref name="rddselection1">{{cite web |url=http://www.kenkai.jaxa.jp/pickup/kakushin.html |publisher=RDD/[[JAXA]] |date=February 2016 |access-date=2019-01-18 |language=ja |script-title=ja:「革新的衛星技術実証1号機のテーマ公募」選定結果について}}</ref> A total of 14 projects were selected; however a proposal by [[IHI Corporation]], the "Demonstration experiment of an innovative ship information receiving system"<ref name="rddselection1"/> was later dropped, dropping the number of projects reaching spaceto 13. Seven projects were tested on board RAPIS-1, either as parts or components. Three projects flew as microsatellites, and three more as [[CubeSat]]s.

Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-1 was successfully launched on 18 January 2019.<ref name="JAXApress0118">{{cite press release |date=January 18, 2019 |title=Launch Success, The Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-1 aboard Epsilon-4 |url=http://global.jaxa.jp/press/2019/01/20190118_epsilon4.html |publisher=[[JAXA]] |access-date=2019-01-18}}</ref> Payloads flown on the mission were tested in space for a year, and the operational data gained were given to the developers. The Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-1 marked the first multi-satellite launch by [[Epsilon (rocket)|Epsilon]] launch vehicle.<ref name="esms">{{cite web|url=http://fanfun.jaxa.jp/topics/detail/13768.html|title=4号機の新規開発品について|language=ja|publisher=JAXA|date=28 December 2018|access-date=2019-01-18}}</ref>

===RAPIS-1===

[[RAPIS-1]] (RAPid Innovative payload demonstration Satellite 1) is a satellite within Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-1 that demonstrated selected projects as either parts or components. Of the 13 projects, 7 were demonstrated on board RAPIS-1.

====Payload on RAPIS-1====

===MicroDragon===

MicroDragon is a [[Microsatellite (spaceflight)|microsatellite]] proposal submitted by Takashi Maeno of [[Keio University]].<ref name="rddselection1"/> It was developed by the VNSC (Vietnam National Satellite Center).

===RISESAT===

[[File:University of the Philippines (UP) Risesat.jpg|thumb|RISESAT components.]]

Rapid International Scientific Experiment Satellite (RISESAT), previously called Hodoyoshi 2, was a microsatellite developed by [[Tohoku University]]. It was equipped with scientific instruments that were selected on an international scale.<ref name="3NSSKuwahara">{{cite web |url=http://www.nanosat.jp/3rd/sozai_report/Day_2_0105_Toshinori_Kuwahara_Tohoku_University/NSS-03-Day_2_0105_Toshinori_Kuwahara.pdf |title=International Scientific Missions of Microsatellite RISESAT - Hodoyoshi2 - |last=Kuwahara |first=Toshinori |publisher=Nano-Satellite Symposium |date=13 December 2011 |access-date=2019-01-21}}</ref> RISESAT was selected for the Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration Program to demonstrate highly precise attitude control and high resolution multispectral observation technology. RISESAT's high resolution multispectral camera was capable of measuring the growth rate and health of crops from space.<ref name="interview8">{{cite web |url=http://www.kenkai.jaxa.jp/kakushin/interview/01/interview08.html |publisher=RDD/[[JAXA]] |date=2018 |access-date=2019-01-18 |language=ja |script-title=ja:高分解能スペクトル観測技術を確立し、農林水産業のスマート化に貢献する}}</ref> RISESAT's [[remote sensing]] instrument, High Precision Telescope (HPT) utilizes a [[liquid crystal tunable filter]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nano-sat.org/files/2014sapporo/20140317_sapporo_Kurihara.pdf |last1=Kurihara |first=Junichi |last2=Takahashi |first2=Yukihiro |publisher=[[Hokkaido University]] |date=17 March 2014 |access-date=2019-01-21 |language=ja |script-title=ja:超小型衛星による先進的リモートセンシング}}</ref> RISESAT decayed from orbit on 14 March 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=43934 |title=RISESAT |work=N2YO.com |date=14 March 2023 |access-date=31 March 2023}}</ref>

===ALE-1===

ALE-1, also known as ALEe, was a microsatellite for demonstrating the creation of artificial [[Meteoroid#Meteors|shooting star]]s. Built and operated by [[Astro Live Experiences|ALE Co., Ltd.]], it was the company's first satellite. ALE-1 was equipped with a DOM2500 [[Atmospheric entry#Deorbit disposal|deorbit]] mechanism manufactured by Nakashimada Engineering Works, Ltd.<ref name="domrisesatale">{{cite press release |date=December 13, 2018 |title=膜展開式軌道離脱装置「DOM®」を搭載した超小型人工衛星2機がイプシロンロケット4号機によって打ち上げられます |url=http://www.nakashimada.co.jp/dcms_media/other/press20181213.pdf |language=ja |publisher=Nakashimada Engineering Works, Ltd. |access-date=2019-01-21}}</ref><ref name="dombrouchure">{{cite web |url=https://makesat.com/uploads/product_document/48/DOM_Brochure_ja.pdf |title=軌道離脱装置 「 DOM 」 De-Orbit Mechanism |publisher=Nakashimada Engineering Works, Ltd. |access-date=2019-01-21 |language=ja |archive-date=21 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121051745/https://makesat.com/uploads/product_document/48/DOM_Brochure_ja.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> The DOM2500 was a membrane sail {{cvt|2.5|x|2.5|m}} large when deployed, and was used by ALE-1 to lower its altitude to less than {{cvt|400|km}}, the optimal altitude to conduct its main mission.<ref name="domprize">{{cite press release |date=March 20, 2018 |title=膜展開式軌道離脱装置が第3回宇宙開発利用大賞「宇宙航空研究開発機構理事長賞」を受賞 |url=https://www.eng.tohoku.ac.jp/news/detail-,-id,1078.html |language=ja |publisher=[[Tohoku University]] |access-date=2019-01-21}}</ref> However, ALE-1 failed to deploy its payload and remains in orbit.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=43938 |title=ALE-1 |work=N2YO.com |access-date=7 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Wall |first=Mike |url=https://www.space.com/japan-shooting-star-satellite-artificial-meteor-shower-glitch.html |title=Japanese satellite filled with 'shooting star' pellets won't spawn artificial meteor shower after all |work=[[Space.com]] |date=15 May 2020 |access-date=31 March 2023}}</ref> The DOM2500 reentered the atmosphere on 3 August 2022,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=53314 |title=ALE-DOM |work=N2YO.com |date=3 August 2022 |access-date=31 March 2023}}</ref> and ALE-1 is expected to re-enter the atmosphere in October 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Invitation to Participate in Pioneering ALE-1 Re-entry Observation Campaign |url=https://globalmeteornetwork.groups.io/g/main/message/10037 |website=globalmeteornetwork.groups.io}}</ref>

===OrigamiSat-1===

OrigamiSat-1 (COSPAR 2019-003B, SATCAT 43933) was a 3U [[CubeSat]] developed by [[Tokyo Institute of Technology]] to demonstrate the deployment of large structures from a small, folded state. After being launched to an altitude of {{cvt|500|km}}, OrigamiSat-1 was designed to descend down to {{cvt|400|km}}, where it would deploy a 1m² membrane.<ref name="KogyoOrigami">{{cite news |last=Tomii |first=Tetsuo |date=April 21, 2017 |title=超小型衛星が拓く・宇宙開発（13）東工大−深宇宙探査へ高機能膜展開 |url=https://www.nikkan.co.jp/articles/view/00425546 |language=ja |newspaper=Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun |access-date=2019-01-18}}</ref> The satellite decayed from orbit on 30 April 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=43933 |title=ORIGAMISAT-1 (FO-98) |work=N2YO.com |date=30 April 2022 |access-date=10 May 2022}}</ref>

===Aoba VELOX-IV===

Aoba VELOX-IV was a 2U CubeSat equipped with a low-light camera. It was jointly developed by [[Kyushu Institute of Technology]] in Japan and [[Nanyang Technological University]] (NTU) of [[Singapore]]. The pulsed plasma thrusters developed by NTU gave the CubeSat maneuvering capabilities, a necessity for a future lunar mission, as the Moon's [[Lunar orbit#Perturbation effects and low orbits|irregular gravity field]] requires orbiters to perform orbit maintenance to extend its mission lifetime.<ref name="av4unisec">{{cite web |url=http://www.unisec-global.org/pdf/uniglo4/day1/13_alarcon.pdf |title=Overview of Aoba VELOX-IV Missions; Pulsed Plasma Thruster Attitude and Orbit Control and Earth-rim Night Image Capture for A Future Lunar Mission |last=Cordova-Alarcon |first=Jose Rodrigo |publisher=[[UNISEC]] |date=18 October 2016 |access-date=2019-01-19}}</ref>Ithad a design lifetime of 12 months in low Earth orbit.<ref name="av4ntuweb">{{cite web |url=http://www.eee.ntu.edu.sg/research/SaRC/Research/Projects/Pages/AOBA-VELOX-IV.aspx |title=AOBA VELOX-IV |publisher=[[Nanyang Technological University]] |access-date=2019-01-19 |archive-date=19 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119065020/http://www.eee.ntu.edu.sg/research/SaRC/Research/Projects/Pages/AOBA-VELOX-IV.aspx |url-status=dead}}</ref> The satellite decayed from orbit on 24 March 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=43940 |title=AOBA-VELOX-IV |work=N2YO.com |date=24 March 2023 |access-date=31 March 2023}}</ref>

===NEXUS===

NEXUS, short for NExt generation X Unique Satellite is a 1U CubeSat developed by [[Nihon University]]. An [[amateur radio satellite]], it is equipped with a transmitter with half the power consumption and a data transmission rate per second 32 times larger than a traditional amateur radio transmitter. NEXUS will demonstrate [[packet radio]] in space.<ref name="KogyoNEXUS">{{cite news |last=Tomii |first=Tetsuo |date=February 24, 2017 |title=超小型衛星が拓く・宇宙開発（6）日大−軌道上でパケット通信実証 |url=https://www.nikkan.co.jp/articles/view/00418505 |language=ja |newspaper=Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun |access-date=2019-01-18}}</ref> The satellite decayed from orbit on 9 November 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=43937 |title=NEXUS (FUJI-OSCAR 99) |date=9 November 2023 |access-date=15 January 2024 |work=N2YO.com}}</ref>

==Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-2==

The call for proposals for Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-2, the second mission of the program, was announced in July 2018, and selection results were announced in December of the same year.<ref name="rddselection2">{{cite web |url=https://www.kenkai.jaxa.jp/kakushin/news/201812_1.html |publisher=RDD/[[JAXA]] |date=12 December 2018 |access-date=2021-09-27 |language=ja |script-title=ja:「革新的衛星技術実証2号機のテーマ公募」選定結果について}}</ref> There are nine satellites launching on this mission: the [[RAISE-2]] smallsat, four microsatellites and four CubeSats. The microsatellites [[HIBARI (satellite)|HIBARI]], Z-Sat and [[DRUMS]] are primarily for engineering tests. TeikyoSat-4, which was additionally selected in 2020, will conduct life science studies. The four CubeSats are [[ASTERISC]], ARICA, [[NanoDragon]], and [[KOSEN-1]].

The Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration 2 mission launched on 9 November 2021.

|| Part

|| Component

|| Tamagawa Seiki Co., Ltd.

|| Component

|| Component

|| Component

|| Component

|| TeikyoSat-4

|| [[NanoDragon|Advanced OBC of NanoDragon]]

==Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-3==

Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-3's call for proposals was announced in January 2020, and in May 2020 JAXA announced the selection of 14 themes.<ref name="rddselection3">{{cite web |url=https://www.kenkai.jaxa.jp/kakushin/news/202005_1.html |publisher=RDD/[[JAXA]] |date=29 May 2020 |access-date=2021-10-05 |language=ja |script-title=ja:「革新的衛星技術実証3号機のテーマ公募」選定結果について}}</ref> On 22 January 2021, [[Shizuoka University]]'s [[STARS-X]] microsatellite was additionally selected, bringing the total number of themes to 15.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kenkai.jaxa.jp/kakushin/news/202101_1.html |publisher=RDD/[[JAXA]] |date=22 January 2021 |access-date=2023-12-03 |language=ja |script-title=ja:「革新的衛星技術実証3号機のテーマ公募」追加選定結果について}}</ref> Among the 15 themes seven were on board the [[RAISE-3]] smallsat, three are microsatellites and five were CubeSats. Of the three microsatellites, KOYOH will conduct astronomical observation of transient sources, [[PETREL]] will demonstrate a multispectral camera, and STARS-X will extend a 1&nbsp;km long [[space tether|tether]] and collect [[space debris]]. For the CubeSats, [[MAGNARO]] was to demonstrate [[satellite formation flying|formation flight]], [[Mitsuba (satellite)|MITSUBA]] was to test the degrading of [[Commercial off-the-shelf|COTS]] semiconductor parts, [[KOSEN-2]] was to collect marine observation data, and [[WASEDA-SAT-ZERO]] was to demonstrate an integrated satellite chassis.

On 19 April 2022, IHI Aerospace (IA), the manufacturer of Epsilon rocket announced that it signed a contract with [[iQPS]] for the launch of two satellites. IA said that the two satellites will be launched on the sixth launch of Epsilon.<ref name="IA202204">{{cite press release |date=April 19, 2022 |title=IHI AEROSPACE received its first commercial launch service order -Two commercial earth observation satellites manufactured by iQPS Inc., will be launched by Epsilon- |url=https://www.ihi.co.jp/en/all_news/2022/aeroengine_space_defense/1197843_3494.html |publisher=[[IHI Corporation]] |access-date=December 3, 2023}}</ref> In a subsequent press release JAXA announced that the two iQPS satellites will be launched together with Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-3, and that the three microsatellites originally manifested for the flight (KOYOH, PETREL, and STARS-X) will instead be launched on another rocket, which will be arranged by IA.<ref name="jaxa20220422">{{cite web |url=https://www.jaxa.jp/press/2022/04/20220422-1_j.html |language=ja |script-title=ja:イプシロンロケット6号機による民間小型SAR衛星の受託打上げ および革新的衛星技術実証3号機打上げスキームの一部変更について |publisher=JAXA |date=22 April 2022 |access-date=2 December 2023}}</ref> For IA, the contract with iQPS marked its first contract to launch a commercial satellite. IA was previously selected by JAXA as the launch service provider for [[Epsilon S]], an upgraded version of Epsilon. IA described its contract with iQPS as a forerunner to commercial launches on Epsilon S.<ref name="IA202204"/>

! Planned re-flight mission

|| 4

|| Did not prefer a re-flight

|| 4

|| 4

|| 4

|| {{Ill|Axelspace|lt=Axelspace|ja|アクセルスペース}}

|| 4

|| 4

|| -

|| -

|| -

| nowrap | [[MAGNARO]]

|| 4

| nowrap | [[Mitsuba (satellite)|MITSUBA]]

|| 5

| nowrap | [[KOSEN-2]]

|| 4

| nowrap | [[WASEDA-SAT-ZERO]]

|| 4

|-

| nowrap | FSI-SAT

|| Future Science Institute

|| 4

|}

===Launches and results===

The [[Epsilon (rocket)|Epsilon rocket]] carrying Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-3's [[RAISE-3]] and five CubeSats was launched on 12 October 2022. The launch resulted in failure and all the payloads and the launch vehicle were destroyed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14740898 |title=JAXA’s launch of its Epsilon-6 rocket ends in failure |publisher=The Asahi Shimbun |date=12 October 2022 |access-date=2 December 2023}}</ref>

KOYOH was launched successfully aboard SpaceX [[Falcon 9]] rocket on 1 December 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://global.jaxa.jp/press/2023/12/20231202-1_e.html |title=Launch Results of KOYOH, Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstartion-3 |publisher=JAXA |date=2 December 2023 |access-date=2 December 2023}}</ref>

Following the launch failure of the Epsilon rocket carrying [[RAISE-3]] and the CubeSats selected for Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-3, each of the projects were given a re-flight opportunity in subsequent missions, except [[NEC|NEC Space Technologies, Ltd.]]'s SDRX, which declined the offer.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mext.go.jp/kaigisiryo/content/20230627-mxt_uchukai01-000030648_5.pdf |title=革新的衛星技術実証2号機小型実証衛星2号機（RAISE-2）の成果について |publisher=[[JAXA]] |date=27 June 2023 |access-date=2023-07-21 |language=ja}}</ref>

==Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-4==

The call for proposals for Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-4 was released by JAXA on 17 June 2022,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kenkai.jaxa.jp/kakushin/news/data/kakushin4_guide.pdf |title=革新的衛星技術実証プログラムに係る実証テーマの募集案内 （革新的衛星技術実証4号機） |publisher=RDD/[[JAXA]] |access-date=2022-10-12 |language=ja}}</ref> and in September 2022 three [[CubeSat]]s, KOSEN-3, OrigamiSat-2 and Mono-Nikko were selected.<ref name="rddselection4">{{cite web |url=https://www.jaxa.jp/press/2022/09/20220930-2_j.html |title=「革新的衛星技術実証4号機のテーマ公募」選定結果について |publisher=RDD/[[JAXA]] |date=30 September 2022 |access-date=2022-10-12 |language=ja}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"

|- bgcolor="#efefef"

! Project

! Agency

|-

| nowrap | LEOMI

|| [[Nippon Telegraph and Telephone]]

|-

|| GEMINI

|| [[Mitsubishi Electric]]

|-

|| KIR-X

|| Pale Blue

|-

|| TMU-PPT

|| Advanced Technology Institute

|-

|| D-SAIL

|| {{Ill|Axelspace|lt=Axelspace|ja|アクセルスペース}}

|-

|| HELIOS-R

|| Sakase Adtech Co., Ltd.

|-

|| CF-CAM

|| Mach Corporation

|-

|| AIRIS

|| [[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]]

|-

| nowrap | [[MAGNARO|MAGNARO-II]]

|| [[Nagoya University]]

|-

|| [[KOSEN-2|KOSEN-2R]]

|| [[Colleges of technology in Japan|National Institute of Technology, Yonago College]]

|-

|| [[WASEDA-SAT-ZERO|WASEDA-SAT-ZERO-II]]

|| [[Waseda University]]

|-

|| OrigamiSat-2

|| [[Tokyo Institute of Technology]]

|-

|| Mono-Nikko

|| Di-Nikko Engineering Co., Ltd.

|-

|| Prelude

|| [[Nihon University]]

|-

|| ARICA-2

|| [[Aoyama Gakuin University]]

|}

==Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-5==

{| class="wikitable"

|- bgcolor="#efefef"

! Project

! Agency

|-

| nowrap | [[Mitsuba (satellite)|MITSUBA-R]]

|| [[Kyushu Institute of Technology]]

|-

|| KOSEN-3

|| [[Colleges of technology in Japan|National Institute of Technology, Kagawa College]]

==See also==

==References==

==External links==

* [http://global.jaxa.jp/projects/sat/innovative/ Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121415/http://global.jaxa.jp/projects/sat/innovative/ |date=19 January 2019 }} - JAXA

* [http://www.eee.ntu.edu.sg/research/SaRC/Research/Projects/Pages/AOBA-VELOX-IV.aspx AOBA VELOX-IV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119065020/http://www.eee.ntu.edu.sg/research/SaRC/Research/Projects/Pages/AOBA-VELOX-IV.aspx |date=19 January 2019 }}

* [http://sat.aero.cst.nihon-u.ac.jp/nexus/E0_Top.html NEXUS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121509/http://sat.aero.cst.nihon-u.ac.jp/nexus/E0_Top.html |date=19 January 2019 }}