International Society of Blood Transfusion: Difference between revisions

The '''International Society of Blood Transfusion''' ('''ISBT''') is a [[Science|scientific]] society founded in 1935 which promotes the study of [[blood transfusion]] and provides information about the ways in which blood transfusion medicine and science can best serve patients' interests. The society's central office is in [[Amsterdam]], and there are around 1500 members in 103 countries.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Annual Report 2021-2022 |url=https://www.isbtweb.org/resource/ar2021.html |website=ISBT |access-date=24 January 2023}}</ref> As of May 2024, the president of the ISBT is Michael Busch.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Board members ISBT Executive Committee |url=https://www.isbtweb.org/about/board-of-directors-and-executive-committee/board-members.html |website=ISBT |access-date=24 January 2023}}</ref>

ISBT is governed by a voluntary board of 16 directors, representing all [[World Health Organization|WHO]] regions.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ISBT has 16 scientific working parties, which are groups of ISBT members promoting science, research and best practice in their specific areas of expertise.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ISBT |title=ISBT Working Parties |url=https://www.isbtweb.org/isbt-working-parties.html |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=www.isbtweb.org}}</ref>

ISBT advocates for [[Standardization|standardisation]] and [[Harmonization (standards)|harmonisation]] in the field of blood transfusion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to the ISBT 128 Website - ICCBBA |url=https://www.iccbba.org/ |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=www.iccbba.org}}</ref> The other major impact on the transfusion community is the classification of various [[human blood group systems]] under a common nomenclature.<ref>{{cite web |title=Red Cell Immunogenetics and Blood Group Terminology |url=https://www.isbtweb.org/isbt-working-parties/rcibgt.html |website=ISBT |access-date=24 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Blood Group Allele Tables |url=https://www.isbtweb.org/isbt-working-parties/rcibgt/blood-group-allele-tables.html |website=ISBT |access-date=24 January 2023}}</ref> ISBT's coordination also extends to obtaining donors with rare [[Antigen|antigens]], a process that often involves international searches in which common terminology is critical.

The ISBT Code of Ethics was developed in response to the [[World Health Assembly]] resolution WHA 28.72.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Utilization and supply of human blood and blood products (WHA28.72) |url=https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/WHA28.72 |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ISBT |title=ISBT Code of Ethics |url=https://www.isbtweb.org/resources/isbt-code-of-ethics.html |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=www.isbtweb.org}}</ref>  This resolution called for the establishment of: appropriately governed national blood services; voluntary non-remunerated blood donations (VNRBD); and the promotion of the health of both blood donors and recipients of blood. ISBT works as a [[non-state actor]] in official relations with WHO. ISBT collaborated with WHO to produce "Educational modules on clinical use of blood".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Educational modules on clinical use of blood |url=https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789240033733 |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref>

In a 2015 reviewofthe history of the ISBT, Hans Erik Heier distinguished four phasesinthe formation of the society:<ref>{{cite journal |author=Heier |first=H. E. |date=20 April 2015 |title=A review of the history of the ISBT |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/voxs.12171 |journal=ISBT Science Series |volume=10 |pages=2–10 |doi=10.1111/voxs.12171 |s2cid=71788697 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222105534/https://www.isbtweb.org/fileadmin/user_upload/HISTORY_AND_FUTURE_OF_THE_ISBT_v6_accepted.pdf |archive-date=22 December 2021}}</ref>

* Formation and development (1935 – 1985)

* Years of [[HIV epidemic|crisis]] (1985 – 2000)

* Reformation (2000 – 2010)

* A professional organisation (2010 – present)

The formation of the International Society of Blood Transfusion, or Societé International de Transfusion Sanguine, as it was called at the time, was initiated in [[Rome]] at a meeting between representatives from 20 nations, the [[International Red Cross]] and the Bogdanov institute in [[Moscow]]. Blood transfusion was a rather new therapeutic option, and therefore, it was decided that transfusion-specific congresses should be organised to highlight the potential importance of transfusion. To organize these congresses, a society was needed.

After it was decided that a society dedicated to organizing transfusion-related congresses should be created, it did not take long until ISBT was founded. In 1937, the ISBT central office (CO) was established in [[Paris]], led by newly appointed Secretary General [[Arnault Tzanck]]. Two years later, in 1939, the activities of the ISBT CO had to be suspended because of the [[Second World War]] (WWII).

In the period surrounding WWII, [[immunohaematology]] and transfusion technology developed rapidly. [[Blood banks]] were created, voluntary [[blood donations]] came in great numbers in the allied nations, plasma-transfusion became a standard anti-shock treatment, Rh and [[Kell antigen system|Kell]] systems were discovered, and industrial [[blood plasma fractionation]] was developed to produce [[albumin]], which can be used as a substitute for [[Blood plasma|plasma]]. In 1947, the first post-war congress of the ISBT was organised in [[Turin|Turin, Italy]]. Here, some specific future goals were laid out to complement the main activity of the Society, the organization of congresses:

* Non-commercialisation of blood and derivatives

* Oversight and initiation of standardisation of equipment, reagents and nomenclature

* Stimulation of the establishment of central transfusion organisations for every country, under the flag of the National [[Red Cross Society]], unless otherwise organised

After the congress in Turin, the society was able to organise congresses and develop without great difficulties for the next fourty years, until 1985.

In 1985, the [[HIV/AIDS]] epidemic struck transfusion medicine. During that time, the ISBT CO was still located in Paris as a part of the Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine (CNTS) (English: National Centre for Blood Transfusion) as their head, Michel Garretta, was also ISBT Secretary General at the time. In June 1991, he stepped down as head of CNTS, as the HIV/AIDS crisis had become a catastrophe for the transfusion system in France and eventually led to a reorganisation of CNTS in 1991. Subsequently, at the ISBT Congress in Hong Kong it was decided that ISBT could no longer be linked to CNTS, ruling out Garretta's succession of a French colleague. Harold Gunson, who was President of ISBT in 1991, agreed to take on a second role as acting Secretary General. Together with CNTS, and ISBT Secretary Claudine Hossenlopp, he supervised the move of the CO from Paris to Manchester, UK. In 1994, he resigned from his post as blood centre director in Manchester and moved the CO to Lancaster, into his own home. He upheld the CO together with his wife until 1999. The end of Gunson's term meant having to find a new location for the CO, and a new Secretary General.

In 1999, the new location for the ISBT CO was Amsterdam, where it became a part of professional congress organiser (PCO) Eurocongress. Paul Strengers, a doctor at Sanquin Blood Supply, took up the role of Secretary General. A new vision for the 2002–2006 period of ISBT was created by the executive committee, focusing on developing ISBT into an umbrella organization, improving communication with the membership, educational and scientific activities, and professionalizing the CO. In the coming ten years, the society worked to achieve these goals, with Strengers to remain Secretary General for that period. Eurocongress organised ISBT congresses together with the ISBT CO and local organizing committees. The help of Eurocongress took away economic risks attached to congresses, as they were able to provide professional assistance and detailed advice. As the CO had moved to a different country, the ISBT statutes and by-laws were also updated and adapted to Dutch law.

The reformations made in the previous years had led to an increase in workload for the ISBT CO. In order to continue the fulfilment of the strategic plans of the ISBT, a full-time, paid chief executive officer (CEO) was hired in 2010. In 2012, the CO moved to a separate location in Amsterdam as the shared space with Eurocongress did not meet the needs of the expanded office staff. Currently, five paid persons are employed full-time at the CO, managed by CEO Judith Chapman (2010 – today). Congresses are organised by MCI, of which Eurocongress became a part in 2010. In that same year, Martin Olsson was appointed as Scientific Secretary (non-remunerated) to overlook the scientific programming of ISBT congresses and guarantee the high scientific quality. The second Scientific Secretary, Ellen van der Schoot, was in office until 2018. John Semple succeeded Ellen van der Schoot in 2019 through 2021. As of 2024, Jason Ackers is the current ISBT Scientific Secretary until 2025.