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{{Infobox saint |
{{Infobox saint |
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|honorific_prefix= Saint |
|honorific_prefix= Saint |
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|name= Ivo of Chartres, |
|name= Ivo of Chartres, C.R.S.A. |
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|birth_date= 1040 |
|birth_date= 1040 |
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|death_date= 23 December 1115 |
|death_date= 23 December 1115 |
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|feast_day= 23 |
|feast_day= 23 December |
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|venerated_in= [[Roman Catholic Church]] (France |
|venerated_in= [[Roman Catholic Church]] (France) |
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|image=Yves de Chartres gravure d'André Thevet 1584 musée des Beaux-Arts de Chartres Eure-et-Loir France.png |
|image=Yves de Chartres gravure d'André Thevet 1584 musée des Beaux-Arts de Chartres Eure-et-Loir France.png |
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|imagesize=150px |
|imagesize=150px |
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|caption= St. Yvo of Chartres by [[André Thevet]] (1584), Fine Arts Museum of [[Chartres]], [[Eure-et-Loir]], France |
|caption= St. Yvo of Chartres by [[André Thevet]] (1584), Fine Arts Museum of [[Chartres]], [[Eure-et-Loir]], France |
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|birth_place= [[ |
|birth_place= [[Auteuil, Oise|Auteuil]], [[CountsofBlois|County of Beauvais]],<br>[[Kingdom of France]] |
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|death_place= [[Chartres]], [[Duchy of Normandy]], Kingdom of France |
|death_place= [[Chartres]], [[Duchy of Normandy]], Kingdom of France |
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|titles= [[Catholic bishop|Bishop]] and [[Confessor]] |
|titles= [[Catholic bishop|Bishop]] and [[Confessor]] |
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|canonized_date= |
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|canonized_place= |
|canonized_place= |
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|canonized_by= [[Pope Benedict XIV]] |
|canonized_by= [[Pope Benedict XIV]] |
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|attributes= |
|attributes= |
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|patronage= |
|patronage= |
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|major_shrine= |
|major_shrine= |
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|suppressed_date= |
|suppressed_date= |
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|issues= |
|issues= |
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'''Ivo of Chartres''', [[canon regular|Can.Reg.]], also '''Ives''', '''Yves''', or '''Yvo'''; {{lang-la|Ivo Carnutensis}}; {{circa}} 1040 – 23 December 1115) |
'''Ivo of Chartres''', [[canon regular|Can.Reg.]], also '''Ives''', '''Yves''', or '''Yvo'''; {{lang-la|Ivo Carnutensis}}; {{circa}} 1040 – 23 December 1115), was a [[French]] [[canon regular]] and [[abbot]] who then served as the [[Bishop of Chartres]] from 1090 until his death. He was an important authority in Catholic [[canon law]] during the [[Investiture Crisis]] of that era. He is honored as a [[saint]] in the [[Catholic Church]]. |
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Three extensive canonical works, namely ''Tripartita'', ''Decretum'', and ''Panormia'', are attributed to him. He corresponded extensively. His liturgical feast is observed on 23 |
Three extensive canonical works, namely ''Tripartita'', ''Decretum'', and ''Panormia'', are attributed to him. He corresponded extensively. His liturgical feast is observed on 23 December. |
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==Life== |
==Life== |
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Ivo was born in |
Ivo was born in the village of [[Auteuil, Oise|Auteil]], near [[Beauvais]], in the regionof[[Picardy]], circa 1040 to a family of relatively low social status.{{sfn|Rolker|2010|p=7}} He is claimed to have studied first in [[Paris]], then at the [[Bec Abbey|Abbey of Bec]] in [[Normandy]], where, according to [[Robert of Torigni]], he studied under [[Lanfranc]] along with [[Anselm of Canterbury]].{{sfn|Rolker|2010|p=7}}<ref name=Ghellinck>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08257a.htm Ghellinck, Joseph de. "St. Ivo of Chartres." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 17 July 2016</ref> |
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Not much is known of |
Not much is known of Ivo until some time after he was admitted to the clergy. His first [[benefice]] was at [[Nesle]] in [[Picardy]].{{sfn|Rolker|2010|p=7}} In 1067 his bishop, Gui of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Beauvais|Beauvais]], asked him to become the [[Provost (religion)|provost]] (termed [[abbot]]) of the [[collegiate church|Collegiate Church]] of [[Basilica of Saint-Quentin|Saint-Quentin]]. Under his leadership and program of reform, the community of secular canons established there accepted [[religious life]] under the [[Rule of St. Augustine]], thereby becoming canons regular.<ref>{{cite book|title=Le Clergé de France, ou tableau historique et chronologique des archevêques, évêques, abbés, abbesses & chefs des chapitres principaux du Royaume, depuis la fondation des églises jusqu'à nos jours|publisher=Chez Delalain|place=Paris|year=1774|first=Hughes, Abbé|last=Du Tems|volume=1|page=xxxvii}}</ref> As superior, he was skeptical of religious excess and always stressed moderation in practice. |
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Ivo remained at the abbey for twenty years and established himself as one of the best teachers in France. His abbey came to be known as a great school of theology.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02377c.htm Goyau, Georges. "Beauvais." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 17 July 2016</ref> |
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⚫ | In 1090 Ivo's knowledge of [[canon law]], both as a lawyer and cleric, most probably earned him the office of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Chartres|Bishop of Chartres]]. His predecessor, Geoffrey, had been removed from office by [[Pope Urban II]]. Geoffrey's relatives and supporters initially opposed Ivo's appointment, but with the backing of Pope Urban II, [[Philip I of France|King Philip]], and the influential [[Adela of Normandy|Countess Adela of Blois]], Ivo was eventually grudgingly accepted.{{sfn|Rolker|2010|p=15}} In light of the events preceding his appointment to the office, his strong opposition to the practice of simony may have been the impetus to his episcopal elevation. |
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During his twenty-five year episcopacy at Chartres, Ivo was involved in conflicts with many magnates including [[Philip I of France|King Philip I of France]], Archbishop Richer of Sens, the papal legate [[Hugh of Die]], and several local nobles. The most famous case concerned the marriage of King Philip, who in the early 1090s tried to repudiate his wife [[Bertha of Holland]] in order to marry [[Bertrade of Anjou]].{{sfn|Rolker|2010|p=15}} Local baron Hugh Le Puiset took advantage of the situation to seize episcopal lands and imprison the bishop for a short time.{{sfn|Rolker|2010|p=16}} |
During his twenty-five year episcopacy at Chartres, Ivo was involved in conflicts with many magnates including [[Philip I of France|King Philip I of France]], Archbishop Richer of Sens, the papal legate [[Hugh of Die]], and several local nobles. The most famous case concerned the marriage of King Philip, who in the early 1090s tried to repudiate his wife [[Bertha of Holland]] in order to marry [[Bertrade of Anjou]].{{sfn|Rolker|2010|p=15}} Local baron Hugh Le Puiset took advantage of the situation to seize episcopal lands and imprison the bishop for a short time.{{sfn|Rolker|2010|p=16}} |
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Around 1114, Ivo granted to [[Bernard of Thiron|Bernard of Abbeville]] land in Thiron-Gardais, where Bernard established the monastery that would become the [[Tiron Abbey|Abbey of the Holy Trinity of Tiron]].<ref name=Caldey>[https://archive.org/stream/benedictinesofca00isle#page/120/mode/2up "S. Bernard and his Foundation", ''The Benedictines of Caldey'', The Abbey, Isle of Caldey, 1912, p. 122]</ref> |
Around 1114, Ivo granted to [[Bernard of Thiron|Bernard of Abbeville]] land in Thiron-Gardais, where Bernard established the monastery that would become the [[Tiron Abbey|Abbey of the Holy Trinity of Tiron]].<ref name=Caldey>[https://archive.org/stream/benedictinesofca00isle#page/120/mode/2up "S. Bernard and his Foundation", ''The Benedictines of Caldey'', The Abbey, Isle of Caldey, 1912, p. 122]</ref> |
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During his episcopacy |
During his episcopacy Ivo wrote the majority of his extant works, for which he later became famous and considered among the greatest scholars of the [[Middle Ages|mediaeval era]]. |
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==Works== |
==Works== |
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Ivo's writings had considerable influence in the twelfth century and beyond. Many of his letters and sermons circulated already in his lifetime, and were copied widely especially in the mid-twelfth century. The same is true for the canonical collections attributed to him; they were copied frequently and used in the making of other collections.{{sfn|Rolker|2010|p=278-280}} For example, [[Decretum Gratiani#Author|Gratian’s]] ''Concordia Discordantium Canonum'' (commonly denominated ''[[Decretum Gratiani]]'') draws on both the Tripartita and the Panormia. [[Alger of Liège]] was strongly influenced by Ivo's [[Prologus]] and quoted from his Decretum. [[Peter Abelard]] in his ''Sic et Non'' used the Prologue, too, and apparently quoted both from Ivo's Decretum and from the Panormia. |
Ivo's writings had considerable influence in the twelfth century and beyond. Many of his letters and sermons circulated already in his lifetime, and were copied widely especially in the mid-twelfth century. The same is true for the canonical collections attributed to him; they were copied frequently and used in the making of other collections.{{sfn|Rolker|2010|p=278-280}} For example, [[Decretum Gratiani#Author|Gratian’s]] ''Concordia Discordantium Canonum'' (commonly denominated ''[[Decretum Gratiani]]'') draws on both the Tripartita and the Panormia. [[Alger of Liège]] was strongly influenced by Ivo's [[Prologus]] and quoted from his Decretum. [[Peter Abelard]] in his ''Sic et Non'' used the Prologue, too, and apparently quoted both from Ivo's Decretum and from the Panormia. |
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Although it is not known when he was canonized, 23 |
Although it is not known when he was canonized, 23 December is his present liturgical memorial.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://catholicsaints.info/blessed-ivo-of-chartres/|title=Blessed Ivo of Chartres|date=24 January 2009|website=catholicsaints.info}}</ref> Before 1570 it was observed on 20 May.<ref name=Ghellinck/> |
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The [[parish]] of [[Maintenon]] is under his [[patron saint|patronage]] as the {{lang-fr|Paroisse de Saint-Yves des Trois Vallées.<ref>{{cite website|url=https://diocesechartres.fr/annuaire-paroisses/paroisse-saint-yves-des-trois-vallees/|title=Paroisse de Saint-Yves des Trois Vallées|work=Diocėse de Chartres}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:1040s births]] |
[[Category:1040s births]] |
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[[Category:1115 deaths]] |
[[Category:1115 deaths]] |
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[[Category:People from Picardy]] |
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[[Category:Canon law jurists]] |
[[Category:Canon law jurists]] |
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[[Category:Canonical Augustinian scholars]] |
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[[Category:Canonical Augustinian abbots and priors]] |
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[[Category:11th-century French Roman Catholic bishops]] |
[[Category:11th-century French Roman Catholic bishops]] |
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[[Category:12th-century French Roman Catholic bishops]] |
[[Category:12th-century French Roman Catholic bishops]] |
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[[Category:12th-century writers in Latin]] |
[[Category:12th-century writers in Latin]] |
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[[Category:Canonical Augustinian saints]] |
Saint
Ivo of Chartres, C.R.S.A.
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![]() | |
Bishop and Confessor | |
Born | 1040 Auteuil, County of Beauvais, Kingdom of France |
Died | 23 December 1115 Chartres, Duchy of Normandy, Kingdom of France |
Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church (France) |
Beatified | 18 December 1570, Saint Peter's Basilica, Papal States, by Pope Pius V |
Feast | 23 December |
Ivo of Chartres, Can.Reg., also Ives, Yves, or Yvo; Latin: Ivo Carnutensis; c. 1040 – 23 December 1115), was a French canon regular and abbot who then served as the Bishop of Chartres from 1090 until his death. He was an important authority in Catholic canon law during the Investiture Crisis of that era. He is honored as a saint in the Catholic Church.
Three extensive canonical works, namely Tripartita, Decretum, and Panormia, are attributed to him. He corresponded extensively. His liturgical feast is observed on 23 December.
Ivo was born in the village of Auteil, near Beauvais, in the region of Picardy, circa 1040 to a family of relatively low social status.[1] He is claimed to have studied first in Paris, then at the Abbey of BecinNormandy, where, according to Robert of Torigni, he studied under Lanfranc along with Anselm of Canterbury.[1][2]
Not much is known of Ivo until some time after he was admitted to the clergy. His first benefice was at NesleinPicardy.[1] In 1067 his bishop, Gui of Beauvais, asked him to become the provost (termed abbot) of the Collegiate ChurchofSaint-Quentin. Under his leadership and program of reform, the community of secular canons established there accepted religious life under the Rule of St. Augustine, thereby becoming canons regular.[3] As superior, he was skeptical of religious excess and always stressed moderation in practice.
Ivo remained at the abbey for twenty years and established himself as one of the best teachers in France. His abbey came to be known as a great school of theology.[4]
In 1090 Ivo's knowledge of canon law, both as a lawyer and cleric, most probably earned him the office of Bishop of Chartres. His predecessor, Geoffrey, had been removed from office by Pope Urban II. Geoffrey's relatives and supporters initially opposed Ivo's appointment, but with the backing of Pope Urban II, King Philip, and the influential Countess Adela of Blois, Ivo was eventually grudgingly accepted.[5] In light of the events preceding his appointment to the office, his strong opposition to the practice of simony may have been the impetus to his episcopal elevation.
During his twenty-five year episcopacy at Chartres, Ivo was involved in conflicts with many magnates including King Philip I of France, Archbishop Richer of Sens, the papal legate Hugh of Die, and several local nobles. The most famous case concerned the marriage of King Philip, who in the early 1090s tried to repudiate his wife Bertha of Holland in order to marry Bertrade of Anjou.[5] Local baron Hugh Le Puiset took advantage of the situation to seize episcopal lands and imprison the bishop for a short time.[6]
Ivo was an acquaintance of Countess Adele of Normandy, who helped him reform the Abbey of St. Jean-en-Vallée. In addition, on several occasions he defended her decisions, most notably during the events regarding Rotrou III of Perche, when he refused to assert ecclesiastical sanctions against him.
Around 1114, Ivo granted to Bernard of Abbeville land in Thiron-Gardais, where Bernard established the monastery that would become the Abbey of the Holy Trinity of Tiron.[7]
During his episcopacy Ivo wrote the majority of his extant works, for which he later became famous and considered among the greatest scholars of the mediaeval era.
Ivo was a prolific writer but is most known for his canonical works: the Decretum of seventeen books; the Tripartita, of very substantial material, divided in three parts, and attributed to him; and the Panormia of eight books attributed to him. All three are primarily works of canon law. The Prologue to the Decretum deals with the interpretation of canon law, and specifically argues that caritas was the solution for sin, and not harsh punishment without contrition. "He was called to teach. His lesson was love. It was all that mattered.".[8]
Ivo is also famous for his 288 letters of correspondence. These letters often dealt with liturgical, canonical, and dogmatic questions and, much like his major works, are from the perspective of caritas. Several of his extant sermons, totaling 25, treat of the same topics as his other writings and letters.
It has also been suggested that his doctrines influenced the final agreement of the Concordat of Worms in 1122.
Ivo's writings had considerable influence in the twelfth century and beyond. Many of his letters and sermons circulated already in his lifetime, and were copied widely especially in the mid-twelfth century. The same is true for the canonical collections attributed to him; they were copied frequently and used in the making of other collections.[9] For example, Gratian’s Concordia Discordantium Canonum (commonly denominated Decretum Gratiani) draws on both the Tripartita and the Panormia. Alger of Liège was strongly influenced by Ivo's Prologus and quoted from his Decretum. Peter Abelard in his Sic et Non used the Prologue, too, and apparently quoted both from Ivo's Decretum and from the Panormia.
Although it is not known when he was canonized, 23 December is his present liturgical memorial.[10] Before 1570 it was observed on 20 May.[2]
The parishofMaintenon is under his patronage as the {{lang-fr|Paroisse de Saint-Yves des Trois Vallées.[11]
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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