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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} |
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'''Landing Craft Gun (LCG)''' |
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{{Infobox ship image |
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[[File:Lcg_(l)_680_FL5995.jpg|thumb|Landing Craft Gun carried two [[Ordnance 25 pounder|25 pounder gun-howitzers]]]] |
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| Ship image = File:Lcg_(l)_680_FL5995.jpg |
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| Ship image size = 300px |
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| Ship caption = Landing Craft, Gun (Large) 680 |
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}} |
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{{Infobox ship class overview |
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| Name = Landing Craft, Gun |
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| Builders = John I. Thornycroft Ltd. |
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| Operators = *{{navy|UK}} |
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*{{navy|US}} |
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| Class before = |
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| Class after = |
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| Subclasses = |
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| Built range = |
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| In commission range = |
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| Total ships completed = |
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| Total ships active = |
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| Total ships laid up = |
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| Total ships lost = |
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| Total ships retired = |
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| Total ships preserved = |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Infobox ship class overview|Name=Landing Craft Gun|Builders=John I. Thornycroft Ltd.|Operators=*{{navy|UK}}|Class before=Various ship's boats and cutters|Class after=|Subclasses=|Built range=|In commission range=|Total ships completed=|Total ships active=0|Total ships laid up=|Total ships lost=|Total ships retired=|Total ships preserved=}} |
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{{Infobox ship characteristics |
{{Infobox ship characteristics |
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| Hide header = |
| Hide header = |
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| Header caption = |
| Header caption = LCG(L) Mark III |
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| Ship type = Landing craft |
| Ship type = Landing craft support |
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| Ship displacement = {{convert|500|LT| |
| Ship displacement = {{convert|500|LT|t|0}} |
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| Ship tons burthen = |
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| Ship deck clearance = |
| Ship deck clearance = |
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| Ship ramps = |
| Ship ramps = |
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| Ship draught = {{convert|3|ft|6|in|abbr=on}} forward, {{convert|6|ft|0|in|abbr=on}} aft |
| Ship draught = {{convert|3|ft|6|in|abbr=on}} forward, {{convert|6|ft|0|in|abbr=on}} aft |
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| Ship propulsion = 2 x Paxman 500 hp. Diesels, twin screws. |
| Ship propulsion = 2 x Paxman 500 hp. Diesels, twin screws. |
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| Ship speed = |
| Ship speed = {{convert|10.5|kn}} maximum |
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| Ship range = 2,700 miles |
| Ship range = 2,700 miles at 9 knots |
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| Ship troops = |
| Ship troops = |
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| Ship crew = |
| Ship crew = 15 (2 officers, 13 sailors) + 23 (1 officer, 2 NCOs, 20 marines for gun crew) |
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| Ship armament = * 2 x 4 |
| Ship armament = * 2 x 4.7-inch QF Naval guns |
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* 2 x 20-mm |
* 2 x 20-mm ''or'' |
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* 2 x 2-pdr |
* 2 x [[QF 2-pounder naval gun|QF 2-pdr "pom-pom"s]]. |
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| Ship armour = |
| Ship armour = 25-lb. DIHT plating for gun deck sides, blast screens, and sides of magazines |
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* Blast screens (sides of magazines) |
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| Ship notes = |
| Ship notes = |
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⚫ | '''Landing Craft, Gun (LCG)''' is an umbrella term referring to two major types of British-built [[landing craft]] used extensively in [[World War II]], present for [[Normandy landings|the Normandy landings]] (Operation Neptune), the [[Allied invasion of Sicily]], [[Operation Infatuate]], and more.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC - WW2 People's War - LCG&F Association|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/03/a2187803.shtml|website=www.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref> Their primary purpose was to provide direct fire against beach positions and surface attack for first-echelon landing waves. Secondary roles included engaging light surface vessels and escorting other landing craft. |
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In addition to the Oerlikon armament of a normal LCT, each LCG(Medium) had two British Army 25 pounder gun-howitzers in armoured mountings, while LCG(L)3 and LCG(L)4 both had two 4.7-inch naval guns (12 cm).<ref>{{Cite web|title=D-Day : Normandy 1944 - Allied Landing Craft|url=http://www.6juin1944.com/assaut/amphib.php?id=15|website=www.6juin1944.com|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref> |
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There were two major types of Landing Craft, Gun: '''Landing Craft, Gun (Medium),''' or '''LCG(M)''' for short, and '''Landing Craft, Gun (Large)''', known as '''LCG(L)'''. Despite both being named Landing Craft, Gun, the Medium and Large vessels were almost completely different from each other. They were used by the Royal Navy as well as the United States Navy through lend-lease.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NavSource Landing Craft Repair Ship Photo Archive |url=http://www.navsource.org/archives/10/20/20idx.htm |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=www.navsource.org}}</ref> |
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== Landing Craft, Gun (Medium) == |
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The Landing Craft, Gun (Medium) was effectively a downsized version of the Landing Craft, Tank, though they were all new-built and not converted.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/12662569 |title=Allied landing craft of World War Two |date=1985 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |others=A. D., III Baker, United States. Office of Naval Intelligence |isbn=0-87021-064-5 |location=Annapolis, Md. |oclc=12662569}}</ref> Compared to the Large variant, the LCG(M) was more heavily armoured and carried smaller guns. Besides being better suited for short-range engagements, the LCG(M) was able to beach and remove the guns it carried from the turrets for the infantry to use inland.<ref>{{Cite web |last=dreadnaughtz |date=2020-06-06 |title=British Amphibious ships and landings crafts of world war two |url=https://naval-encyclopedia.com/ww2/uk/british-amphibious-ships-and-landing-crafts.php |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=naval encyclopedia |language=en-US}}</ref> It also had a ballast tank that allowed it to make itself more stable in the water or stabilize on sandbars or riverbanks. |
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[[File:The Royal Navy during the Second World War A26236.jpg|left|thumb|LCG(M)(1) No.101 takes on water after sustaining damage during the landings at [[Walcheren]], November 1944.]] |
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The main armament of the first six LCG(M)s was two [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder]] anti-tank guns in armoured turrets, while the other 44 were equipped with [[Ordnance QF 25-pounder]] gun-howitzers.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=C.B. 04304 (June, 1944): Details of Combined Operations Landing Craft and Barges |publisher=Combined Operations, Material Department, Admiralty |year=1944}}</ref> The turrets were staggered with the forward turret on the starboard side of the vessel and the after turret on the port side. The secondary armament was the same across all fifty vessels, with two [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon]] behind the bridge and two 0.303-inch [[Lewis gun|Lewis guns]] above the conning tower. The entire vessel was constructed from steel, with up to 80-lb. DIHT plating reinforcing various areas such as the [[Magazine (artillery)|magazines]] and engine room. |
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Despite the vessels' heavy armour, the LCG(M)s were still unable to stand up to heavy coastal defences. The limited range of the 17/25-pounder guns forced the ships to draw nearer to their target, which only made the return fire more lethal. Two LCG(M)s were lost during the [[Operation Infatuate|Walcheren landings]] in November 1944 when German 150mm coastal defence guns damaged them beyond repair.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=British vessels lost at sea in World War 2 - landing ships and craft, LSI, LST, LCT, LCG, LCV, LCVP etc |url=https://www.naval-history.net/WW2BritishLosses4Amphib.htm |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=www.naval-history.net}}</ref> |
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A Landing Craft, Gun (Medium) Mark II was designed and ordered in 1944 with some alterations to the design.<ref>{{Cite book |title=C.B. 04304 (I) (August 1944): Details of Combined Operations Landing Craft and Barges Addendum №1 |publisher=Combined Operations, Material Department, Admiralty |year=1944}}</ref> The armour scheme thicknesses were redistributed, the ballast tank was revised, and the Oerlikon guns were replaced with [[Vickers .50 machine gun|0.50-inch Vickers machine guns]] in twin mounts, with two more twin mounts being added to the aft deck. LCG(M)(2) No. 515 was the only one completed to this pattern, with the few other LCG(M)(2)s constructed retaining the old defensive armament.<ref>{{Cite web |title="LCG(M)2"-type medium support landing craft (LCG(M)501) (1945), "LCS(R)(2)"-type rocket support landing craft (LCS(R)25)) |url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/uk/brit_aws_lcgm2.htm |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=www.navypedia.org}}</ref> With World War II drawing to a close in 1945, the vessels that were still under construction were cancelled, and with no use for the type, the Royal Navy sold the rest of the LCG(M)s off after a few years. One LCG(M)(1), No. 111, was sold to France, who slightly modified it and used it during the [[First Indochina War]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Boats : French riverine craft |url=http://indochine54.free.fr/cefeo/boats.html#LCG |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=indochine54.free.fr}}</ref> |
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The operation of the craft was the responsibility of RN crew and the guns were manned by Royal Marines. |
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== Landing Craft, Gun (Large) == |
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During the war it was manufactured throughout the United Kingdom in places as various as small boatyards and furniture manufacturers. |
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[[File:The_Royal_Navy_during_the_Second_World_War_A23752.jpg|thumb|the BL 4.7-inch mounting]] |
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The Landing Craft, Gun (Large) was a fire support vessel converted from the [[Landing craft tank|Landing Craft, Tank]] by installing a welded deck. It carried two [[QF 4.7-inch Mk IX & XII naval gun|QF 4.7-inch Mk IX**]] or [[BL 4.7-inch 45-calibre naval gun|BL 4.7-inch Mk I]] naval cannons as its primary armament, with a secondary array of 20mm Oerlikon guns for anti-aircraft cover.<ref name=":0" /> The LCG(L)(3), based on the LCT(3), had two deck guns, while the LCG(L)(4), which was based on the LCT(4), had a [[superfiring]] after turret. As time went on, the anti-air armament of the LCG(L) steadily improved. Initially, it was the same as the LCT it was derived from, with two 20mm Oerlikon or [[QF 2-pounder naval gun|2-pounder 'pom-poms']] near the bridge. The single Oerlikon mounts would later be replaced by twin mounts, and the last three LCG(3)s would be given two extra 20mm Oerlikon mountings for a total of six guns. The LCG(L)(4) was the most well-defended, with seven 20mm Oerlikon guns spread across its deck.<ref name=":0" /> |
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The LCG(L) would see service throughout World War II, providing medium range fire support and escorting landing craft. In battle, three were lost in [[Operation Neptune]] and two were lost in [[Operation Infatuate]].<ref name=":1" /> Owing to their large calibre guns, LCG(L)s were once called "mini destroyers" by a BBC broadcast, and they were able to destroy any light vessels that they encountered with their overwhelming firepower, such as ''[[Marinefährprahm]]'' landing craft.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Landing Craft Gun (Large) - LCG (L) 19 |url=https://www.combinedops.com/HM%20LCG%2019.htm |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=www.combinedops.com}}</ref> The surviving vessels were sold off after the end of the war. |
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LCGs played a very important part in the Walcheren operations in October 1944. |
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<references /> |
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==References== |
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{{Uncategorized|date=May 2020}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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[[Category:Landing craft]] |
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[[Category:Ships of the Royal Navy]] |
Landing Craft, Gun (Large) 680 | |
Class overview | |
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Name | Landing Craft, Gun |
Builders | John I. Thornycroft Ltd. |
Operators | |
General characteristics LCG(L) Mark III | |
Type | Landing craft support |
Displacement | 500 long tons (508 t) |
Length | 192 ft (59 m) |
Beam | 31 ft (9.4 m) |
Draught | 3 ft 6 in (1.07 m) forward, 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) aft |
Propulsion | 2 x Paxman 500 hp. Diesels, twin screws. |
Speed | 10.5 knots (19.4 km/h; 12.1 mph) maximum |
Range | 2,700 miles at 9 knots |
Crew | 15 (2 officers, 13 sailors) + 23 (1 officer, 2 NCOs, 20 marines for gun crew) |
Armament |
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Armour | 25-lb. DIHT plating for gun deck sides, blast screens, and sides of magazines |
Landing Craft, Gun (LCG) is an umbrella term referring to two major types of British-built landing craft used extensively in World War II, present for the Normandy landings (Operation Neptune), the Allied invasion of Sicily, Operation Infatuate, and more.[1] Their primary purpose was to provide direct fire against beach positions and surface attack for first-echelon landing waves. Secondary roles included engaging light surface vessels and escorting other landing craft.
There were two major types of Landing Craft, Gun: Landing Craft, Gun (Medium),orLCG(M) for short, and Landing Craft, Gun (Large), known as LCG(L). Despite both being named Landing Craft, Gun, the Medium and Large vessels were almost completely different from each other. They were used by the Royal Navy as well as the United States Navy through lend-lease.[2]
The Landing Craft, Gun (Medium) was effectively a downsized version of the Landing Craft, Tank, though they were all new-built and not converted.[3] Compared to the Large variant, the LCG(M) was more heavily armoured and carried smaller guns. Besides being better suited for short-range engagements, the LCG(M) was able to beach and remove the guns it carried from the turrets for the infantry to use inland.[4] It also had a ballast tank that allowed it to make itself more stable in the water or stabilize on sandbars or riverbanks.
The main armament of the first six LCG(M)s was two Ordnance QF 17-pounder anti-tank guns in armoured turrets, while the other 44 were equipped with Ordnance QF 25-pounder gun-howitzers.[5] The turrets were staggered with the forward turret on the starboard side of the vessel and the after turret on the port side. The secondary armament was the same across all fifty vessels, with two Oerlikon 20 mm cannon behind the bridge and two 0.303-inch Lewis guns above the conning tower. The entire vessel was constructed from steel, with up to 80-lb. DIHT plating reinforcing various areas such as the magazines and engine room.
Despite the vessels' heavy armour, the LCG(M)s were still unable to stand up to heavy coastal defences. The limited range of the 17/25-pounder guns forced the ships to draw nearer to their target, which only made the return fire more lethal. Two LCG(M)s were lost during the Walcheren landings in November 1944 when German 150mm coastal defence guns damaged them beyond repair.[6]
A Landing Craft, Gun (Medium) Mark II was designed and ordered in 1944 with some alterations to the design.[7] The armour scheme thicknesses were redistributed, the ballast tank was revised, and the Oerlikon guns were replaced with 0.50-inch Vickers machine guns in twin mounts, with two more twin mounts being added to the aft deck. LCG(M)(2) No. 515 was the only one completed to this pattern, with the few other LCG(M)(2)s constructed retaining the old defensive armament.[8] With World War II drawing to a close in 1945, the vessels that were still under construction were cancelled, and with no use for the type, the Royal Navy sold the rest of the LCG(M)s off after a few years. One LCG(M)(1), No. 111, was sold to France, who slightly modified it and used it during the First Indochina War.[9]
The Landing Craft, Gun (Large) was a fire support vessel converted from the Landing Craft, Tank by installing a welded deck. It carried two QF 4.7-inch Mk IX**orBL 4.7-inch Mk I naval cannons as its primary armament, with a secondary array of 20mm Oerlikon guns for anti-aircraft cover.[5] The LCG(L)(3), based on the LCT(3), had two deck guns, while the LCG(L)(4), which was based on the LCT(4), had a superfiring after turret. As time went on, the anti-air armament of the LCG(L) steadily improved. Initially, it was the same as the LCT it was derived from, with two 20mm Oerlikon or 2-pounder 'pom-poms' near the bridge. The single Oerlikon mounts would later be replaced by twin mounts, and the last three LCG(3)s would be given two extra 20mm Oerlikon mountings for a total of six guns. The LCG(L)(4) was the most well-defended, with seven 20mm Oerlikon guns spread across its deck.[5]
The LCG(L) would see service throughout World War II, providing medium range fire support and escorting landing craft. In battle, three were lost in Operation Neptune and two were lost in Operation Infatuate.[6] Owing to their large calibre guns, LCG(L)s were once called "mini destroyers" by a BBC broadcast, and they were able to destroy any light vessels that they encountered with their overwhelming firepower, such as Marinefährprahm landing craft.[10] The surviving vessels were sold off after the end of the war.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: others (link)