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{{Short description|South Korean |
{{Short description|South Korean cult leader (born 1931)}} |
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{{for|the film director|Lee Man-hee (director)}} |
{{for|the film director|Lee Man-hee (director)}} |
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{{Multiple issues| |
{{Multiple issues| |
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{{family name hatnote|Lee||lang=Korean}} |
{{family name hatnote|Lee||lang=Korean}} |
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{{Infobox person |
{{Infobox person |
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| name = Lee Man-hee |
| name = Lee Man-hee |
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| image = 이만희 신천지 총회장.jpg |
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| image = |
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| caption = |
| caption = |
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| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1931|9|15}} |
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1931|9|15}} |
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| birth_place = [[Cheongdo]], [[North Gyeongsang Province]], |
| birth_place = [[Cheongdo]], [[North Gyeongsang Province]], [[Japanese Korea]] |
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[[ |
| nationality = [[South Korea]]n |
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| other_names = |
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| nationality = [[South Korea]]n |
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| alma_mater = |
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| alma_mater = |
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| spouse = |
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| children = |
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⚫ | | module = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes|headercolor=transparent |
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| children = |
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⚫ | | module = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes|headercolor=transparent |
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| hangul = 이만희 |
| hangul = 이만희 |
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| hanja = {{linktext|李|萬|熙}} |
| hanja = {{linktext|李|萬|熙}} |
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| mr = Yi Manhŭi |
| mr = Yi Manhŭi |
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}} |
}} |
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| signature = Lee Man-hee signature.svg |
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| website = |
| website = |
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'''Lee Man-hee''' ({{Korean|이만희|李萬熙}}; born 15 September 1931) is a Korean |
'''Lee Man-hee''' ({{Korean|이만희|李萬熙}}; born 15 September 1931) is a Korean cult<ref name="NYT">{{Cite news |last=Rashid |first=Raphael |date=March 9, 2020 |title=Being Called a Cult Is One Thing, Being Blamed for an Epidemic Is Quite Another |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/09/opinion/coronavirus-south-korea-church.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616153046/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/09/opinion/coronavirus-south-korea-church.html |archive-date=June 16, 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref name="FoxNews">{{Cite news |last=McKay |first=Hollie |date=August 20, 2020 |title=Conservative church claims South Korea's government is persecuting them by blaming members for coronavirus spread |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/south-korea-church-coronavirus-spread |work=[[Fox News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-09 |title=Inside the South Korean ‘doomsday cult’ recruiting young Black Christians in the UK |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/new-heaven-new-earth-lee-man-hee-cult-sect-b2119061.html |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> leader. Lee is the founder of the [[Shincheonji Church of Jesus]], a South Korean religious group with teachings derived from Christianity that is considered a [[pseudoreligion]] or [[cult]] by mainstream Christian churches.<ref name="thenational.ae">{{cite news |last=Webster |first=Nick |date=May 28, 2015 |url=http://www.thenational.ae/uae/mystery-surrounds-visit-to-uae-of-alleged-religious-cult|title=Mystery surrounds visit to UAE of alleged religious cult |work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)]]}}</ref><ref name="Council of the European Union-Youth for Exchange and Understanding-participant">{{cite web |first=Martijn |last=Bergsma |title=How I ended up in a Korean religious cult - Council of the European Union-Youth for Exchange and Understanding-participant|url=http://www.yeu-international.org/en/publications/newsmail/small-stories-that-can-change-the-world/how-i-ended-up-in-a-korean-religious-cult |date=November 17, 2014 |series=yeu-international.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223104028/http://www.yeu-international.org/en/publications/newsmail/small-stories-that-can-change-the-world/how-i-ended-up-in-a-korean-religious-cult |archive-date=2014-12-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Lee is a self-proclaimed messiah, whose followers believe he is immortal and infallible.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-08-02 |title=Shincheonji Church leader jailed on obstruction charges |url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2020/08/02/national/socialAffairs/Lee-Manhee-Shincheonji-cult/20200802171600453.html |last1=Shim |first1=Kyu-Seok |last2=Moon |first2=Hee-Chul |access-date=2022-10-12 |work=[[Korea Joongang Daily]] |language=en}}</ref> |
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== Early life == |
== Early life == |
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Lee was born on 15 September 1931 in Punggak-myeon, [[Cheongdo County]], [[North Gyeongsang Province]] ([[Keishōhoku-dō]]), [[Japanese Korea]], [[Empire of Japan]]. Before founding his own religious movement, he was a member of the group known as [[Olive Tree (religious movement)|Olive Tree]] and of another movement called the {{ill|Tabernacle Temple|ko|장막성전}} (장막성전).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=David W.|last2=Bang|first2=Won-il|date=2019|title=Guwonpa, WMSCOG, and Shincheonji: Three Dynamic Grassroots Groups in Contemporary Korean Christian NRM History|journal=Religions|volume=10|issue=3|pages=212|doi=10.3390/rel10030212|doi-access=free|hdl=1885/204914|hdl-access=free}}.</ref> |
Lee was born on 15 September 1931 in Punggak-myeon, [[Cheongdo County]], [[North Gyeongsang Province]] ([[Keishōhoku-dō]]), [[Japanese Korea]], [[Empire of Japan]]. Before founding his own religious movement, he was a member of the group known as [[Olive Tree (religious movement)|Olive Tree]] and of another movement called the {{ill|Tabernacle Temple|ko|장막성전}} (장막성전).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=David W.|last2=Bang|first2=Won-il|date=2019|title=Guwonpa, WMSCOG, and Shincheonji: Three Dynamic Grassroots Groups in Contemporary Korean Christian NRM History|journal=Religions|volume=10|issue=3|pages=212|doi=10.3390/rel10030212|doi-access=free|hdl=1885/204914|hdl-access=free}}.</ref> |
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Lee claimed to have served as a sergeant in the [[7th Infantry Division (South Korea)|7th Infantry Division]] of the [[Republic of Korea Army]] during the [[Korean War]]; however, there is no clear evidence to support this assertion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newsis.com/view/NISX20200304_0000943039 |title=이만희, 박근혜 정부 때 참전유공자 등록…83세에 신청, 왜? |access-date=21 June 2024 |date=5 March 2020 |publisher=Newsis }}</ref> After the war, he returned to Punggak Village and worked as a farmer.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2024/january-web-only/shincheonji-new-zealand-korea-christian-church-kr.html |title=뉴질랜드 기독교인을 표적으로 삼은 한국 종파. 교회는 효과적으로 대응했을까? |access-date=21 June 2024 |date=24 January 2024 |publisher=Christianity Today}}</ref> |
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== COVID-19 outbreak == |
== COVID-19 outbreak == |
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On 1 March 2020, Seoul mayor [[Park Won-soon]] announced that the [[Seoul Metropolitan Government]] had made a criminal complaint about Lee, asking for an investigation into him and twelve others connected to the sect on charges of murder and violations of the Disease Control Act, citing their negligence in preventing an outbreak among their parishioners and their refusal to cooperate with the government throughout the crisis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-southkorea-murder/murder-probe-sought-for-south-korea-sect-at-center-of-coronavirus-outbreak-idUSKBN20P07Q?il=0|title=Murder probe sought for South Korea sect at center of coronavirus outbreak|last=Cha|first=Sangmi|date=2 March 2020|work=Reuters|access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref> |
On 1 March 2020, Seoul mayor [[Park Won-soon]] announced that the [[Seoul Metropolitan Government]] had made a criminal complaint about Lee, asking for an investigation into him and twelve others connected to the sect on charges of murder and violations of the Disease Control Act, citing their negligence in preventing an outbreak among their parishioners and their refusal to cooperate with the government throughout the crisis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-southkorea-murder/murder-probe-sought-for-south-korea-sect-at-center-of-coronavirus-outbreak-idUSKBN20P07Q?il=0|title=Murder probe sought for South Korea sect at center of coronavirus outbreak|last=Cha|first=Sangmi|date=2 March 2020|work=Reuters|access-date=2 March 2020}}</ref> |
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On 31 July 2020, Lee was arrested by South Korean authorities for allegedly violating the ''Infectious Disease and Control Act''. At issue was a dispute over withholding data from the government for contact tracing, with the church asserting privacy. Lee was also charged with embezzlement and other crimes. By this time, the Shincheonji Church was being linked to more than 5,200 coronavirus infections |
On 31 July 2020, Lee was arrested by South Korean authorities for allegedly violating the ''Infectious Disease and Control Act''. At issue was a dispute over withholding data from the government for contact tracing, with the church asserting privacy. Lee was also charged with embezzlement and other crimes. By this time, the Shincheonji Church was being linked to more than 5,200 coronavirus infections or 36% of South Korea’s total cases.<ref>{{cite news|title=South Korea sect leader arrested over coronavirus outbreak|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-southkorea-church/south-korea-sect-leader-arrested-over-coronavirus-outbreak-idUSKCN24W37V|work=Reuters|location=Seoul|date=July 31, 2020|access-date=August 1, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Shincheonji: Coronavirus: South Korean Shincheonji sect leader arrested|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-53620633|work=BBC|location=Seoul|date=August 1, 2020|access-date=November 29, 2021}}</ref> On 13 January 2021 Suwon District Court in Seoul acquitted Lee of violating the infectious disease laws. However, Lee was convicted of embezzling 5.6 billion won ($4.7m USD) and obstruction of public affairs. Lee was sentenced to three years in prison. He remains out of jail on probation for four years.<ref>{{cite news|title=Shincheonji: Korean sect leader found not guilty of breaking virus law|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-55642653|work=BBC|location=Seoul|date=January 13, 2021|access-date=November 29, 2021}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Lee Man-hee
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Born | (1931-09-15) 15 September 1931 (age 92) |
Nationality | South Korean |
Occupation | Cult leader |
Korean name | |
Hangul | 이만희 |
Hanja | |
Revised Romanization | I Manhui |
McCune–Reischauer | Yi Manhŭi |
Signature | |
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Lee Man-hee (Korean: 이만희; Hanja: 李萬熙; born 15 September 1931) is a Korean cult[1][2][3] leader. Lee is the founder of the Shincheonji Church of Jesus, a South Korean religious group with teachings derived from Christianity that is considered a pseudoreligionorcult by mainstream Christian churches.[4][5] Lee is a self-proclaimed messiah, whose followers believe he is immortal and infallible.[6]
Lee was born on 15 September 1931 in Punggak-myeon, Cheongdo County, North Gyeongsang Province (Keishōhoku-dō), Japanese Korea, Empire of Japan. Before founding his own religious movement, he was a member of the group known as Olive Tree and of another movement called the Tabernacle Temple [ko] (장막성전).[7]
Lee claimed to have served as a sergeant in the 7th Infantry Division of the Republic of Korea Army during the Korean War; however, there is no clear evidence to support this assertion.[8] After the war, he returned to Punggak Village and worked as a farmer.[9]
On 22 February 2020, South Korea confirmed that 231 of their 433 cases of COVID-19 were from within the Shincheonji sect.[10] Lee called the coronavirus a "devil's deed" intended to stop the sect's growth, but he canceled all gatherings of his faith. The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said the practice of gathering followers in close quarters for religious services may have contributed to the fast spread of the disease.[11]
On 1 March 2020, Seoul mayor Park Won-soon announced that the Seoul Metropolitan Government had made a criminal complaint about Lee, asking for an investigation into him and twelve others connected to the sect on charges of murder and violations of the Disease Control Act, citing their negligence in preventing an outbreak among their parishioners and their refusal to cooperate with the government throughout the crisis.[12]
On 31 July 2020, Lee was arrested by South Korean authorities for allegedly violating the Infectious Disease and Control Act. At issue was a dispute over withholding data from the government for contact tracing, with the church asserting privacy. Lee was also charged with embezzlement and other crimes. By this time, the Shincheonji Church was being linked to more than 5,200 coronavirus infections or 36% of South Korea’s total cases.[13][14] On 13 January 2021 Suwon District Court in Seoul acquitted Lee of violating the infectious disease laws. However, Lee was convicted of embezzling 5.6 billion won ($4.7m USD) and obstruction of public affairs. Lee was sentenced to three years in prison. He remains out of jail on probation for four years.[15]