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{{short description|Actuator that creates motion in a straight line}} |
{{short description|Actuator that creates motion in a straight line}} |
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{{Refimprove|date=July 2008}} |
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[[File:linear actuator basic.gif|thumb|250px|Conceptual design of a basic traveling-nut linear actuator. In this example the lead screw (gray) rotates while the lead nut (yellow) and tube (red) do not.]] |
[[File:linear actuator basic.gif|thumb|250px|Conceptual design of a basic traveling-nut linear actuator. In this example the lead screw (gray) rotates while the lead nut (yellow) and tube (red) do not.]] |
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[[File:Dvd pohon vozika hlavy.jpg|thumb|DVD drive with [[leadscrew]] and [[stepper motor]].]] |
[[File:Dvd pohon vozika hlavy.jpg|thumb|DVD drive with [[leadscrew]] and [[stepper motor]].]] |
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[[File:FDD head 2.jpg|thumb|Floppy disc drive with leadscrew and stepper motor.]] |
[[File:FDD head 2.jpg|thumb|Floppy disc drive with leadscrew and stepper motor.]] |
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A '''linear actuator''' is an [[actuator]] that creates [[linear motion]] (i.e., in a straight line), in contrast to the [[circular motion]] of a conventional [[electric motor]]. Linear actuators are used in machine tools and industrial machinery, in computer [[ |
A '''linear actuator''' is an [[actuator]] that creates [[linear motion]] (i.e., in a straight line), in contrast to the [[circular motion]] of a conventional [[electric motor]]. Linear actuators are used in machine tools and industrial machinery, in computer [[Peripheral|peripherals]] such as disk drives and printers, in [[Valve|valves]] and [[Damper (flow)|dampers]], and in many other places where linear motion is required. [[Hydraulics|Hydraulic]] or [[Pneumatics|pneumatic]] cylinders inherently produce linear motion. Many other mechanisms are used to generate linear motion from a rotating motor. |
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<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Stepper motor actuator.gif|thumb|right|Stepper motor actuator]] --> |
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Stepper motor actuator.gif|thumb|right|Stepper motor actuator]] --> |
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* '''[[Screw (simple machine)|Screw]]''': [[leadscrew]], [[screw jack]], [[ball screw]] and [[roller screw]] actuators all operate on the principle of the [[simple machine]] known as the screw. By rotating the actuator's nut, the screw shaft moves in a line. |
* '''[[Screw (simple machine)|Screw]]''': [[leadscrew]], [[screw jack]], [[ball screw]] and [[roller screw]] actuators all operate on the principle of the [[simple machine]] known as the screw. By rotating the actuator's nut, the screw shaft moves in a line. |
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* '''[[Wheel and axle]]''': [[Hoist (device)|Hoist]], [[winch]], [[rack and pinion]], [[chain drive]], [[belt drive]], [[rigid chain actuator|rigid chain]] and [[rigid belt actuator|rigid belt]] actuators operate on the principle of the wheel and axle. A rotating wheel moves a cable, rack, chain or belt to produce linear motion.<ref>Sclater, N., ''Mechanisms and Mechanical Devices Source book, 4th Edition'' (2007), 25, McGraw-Hill</ref> |
* '''[[Wheel and axle]]''': [[Hoist (device)|Hoist]], [[winch]], [[rack and pinion]], [[chain drive]], [[belt drive]], [[rigid chain actuator|rigid chain]] and [[rigid belt actuator|rigid belt]] actuators operate on the principle of the wheel and axle. A rotating wheel moves a cable, rack, chain or belt to produce linear motion.<ref>Sclater, N., ''Mechanisms and Mechanical Devices Source book, 4th Edition'' (2007), 25, McGraw-Hill</ref> |
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* '''[[ |
* '''[[Cam]]''': Cam actuators function on a principle similar to that of the [[Wedge (mechanical device)|wedge]], but provide relatively limited travel. As a wheel-like cam rotates, its eccentric shape provides thrust at the base of a shaft. |
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Some mechanical linear actuators only pull, such as hoists, chain drive and belt drives. Others only push (such as a [[cam actuator]]). Pneumatic and hydraulic cylinders, or lead screws can be designed to generate force in both directions. |
Some mechanical linear actuators only pull, such as hoists, chain drive and belt drives. Others only push (such as a [[cam actuator]]). Pneumatic and hydraulic cylinders, or lead screws can be designed to generate force in both directions. |
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Latin: A a Á á À à  â Ä ä Ǎ ǎ Ă ă Ā ā à ã Å å Ą ą Æ æ Ǣ ǣ B b C c Ć ć Ċ ċ Ĉ ĉ Č č Ç ç D d Ď ď Đ đ Ḍ ḍ Ð ð E e É é È è Ė ė Ê ê Ë ë Ě ě Ĕ ĕ Ē ē Ẽ ẽ Ę ę Ẹ ẹ Ɛ ɛ Ǝ ǝ Ə ə F f G g Ġ ġ Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ģ ģ H h Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ḥ ḥ I i İ ı Í í Ì ì Î î Ï ï Ǐ ǐ Ĭ ĭ Ī ī Ĩ ĩ Į į Ị ị J j Ĵ ĵ K k Ķ ķ L l Ĺ ĺ Ŀ ŀ Ľ ľ Ļ ļ Ł ł Ḷ ḷ Ḹ ḹ M m Ṃ ṃ N n Ń ń Ň ň Ñ ñ Ņ ņ Ṇ ṇ Ŋ ŋ O o Ó ó Ò ò Ô ô Ö ö Ǒ ǒ Ŏ ŏ Ō ō Õ õ Ǫ ǫ Ọ ọ Ő ő Ø ø Œ œ Ɔ ɔ P p Q q R r Ŕ ŕ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ S s Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Š š Ş ş Ș ș Ṣ ṣ ß T t Ť ť Ţ ţ Ț ț Ṭ ṭ Þ þ U u Ú ú Ù ù Û û Ü ü Ǔ ǔ Ŭ ŭ Ū ū Ũ ũ Ů ů Ų ų Ụ ụ Ű ű Ǘ ǘ Ǜ ǜ Ǚ ǚ Ǖ ǖ V v W w Ŵ ŵ X x Y y Ý ý Ŷ ŷ Ÿ ÿ Ỹ ỹ Ȳ ȳ Z z Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž ß Ð ð Þ þ Ŋ ŋ Ə ə
Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м Н н Њ њ О о П п Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь Э э Ю ю Я я ́
IPA: t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ ʡ ʔ ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ ɦ ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ ʙ ⱱ ʀ ɾ ɽ ɫ ɬ ɮ ɺ ɭ ʎ ʟ ɥ ʍ ɧ ʼ ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ɨ ʉ ɯ ɪ ʏ ʊ ø ɘ ɵ ɤ ə ɚ ɛ œ ɜ ɝ ɞ ʌ ɔ æ ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ ʰ ʱ ʷ ʲ ˠ ˤ ⁿ ˡ ˈ ˌ ː ˑ ̪ {{IPA|}}
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